scholarly journals Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Neonates Born to Mothers with Diabetes During Gestation

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Milašinović ◽  
Ivan Hrabovski ◽  
Zorica Grujić ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Neonates Born to Mothers with Diabetes During GestationThe aim of this study was to investigate how glucose homeostasis disorders influence biochemical homeostasis and fetal maturation. A prospective randomized study included 102 infants: 31 newborns of mothers with glucose homeostasis disorders (Group I) and 71 newborns of healthy mothers (Group II). In the pregnant women, the mean age, body weight and height, BMI, parity, duration of the disease and the mode of labor were estimated. The following procedures were performed in each newborn infant: physical examination, determination of Apgar score, measurements of birth weight and length, estimation of neurological status, clinical estimation of gestational age, ECG and ultrasonography of the brain, as well as the basic hematologic, biochemical and microbiological analyses. Newborn infants of diabetic pregnancies were small for gestational age and of high birth weight. The levels of Na+, K+and Cl-ions did not show significant differences between the investigated groups, whereas the levels of total Ca and Mg were significantly decreased (2.18±0.59 and 0.65±0.17 mmol/L) (p<0.001) in the investigated group relative to the control group (2.42±0.53 and 0.81±0.09 mmol/L). The newborn infants of diabetic pregnancies presented with significantly decreased values of phosphates, bicarbonates and pH, whereas the difference in total osmolality was not statistically significant. The level of glucose at birth in the infants of diabetic mothers was lower (2.91±0.51 mmol/L) (p<0.001) than in the infants of healthy pregnancies (3.94±0.29 mmol/L). Glycemia lower than 2 mmol/L was recorded in 6.5% of infants of the investigated group. The level of bilirubin was significantly increased (209.71±56.66 mmol/L) (p<0.001) in infants of diabetic mothers compared to those of the healthy ones (155.70±61.14 mmol/L), like the incidence of clinically manifested hyperbilirubinemia. Disorders of maternal glucose homeostasis cause biochemical disorders such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypomagne semia and are associated with impaired maturation and congenital malformations of the fetus.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory disorders of infants of diabetic mothers

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Ivan Hrabovski ◽  
Ljubomir Milasinovic ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac ◽  
Zorica Grujic ◽  
Ilija Grujic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Introduction. One of the characteristics of modern era is the explosion of diabetes in the world. Today more than 400,000,000 people suffer from diabetes in the entire world. During the last decade the number of women with the disorder of glucose homeostasis is six to seven times greater than in the previous period. Therefore, the re-evaluation of the impact of glucose intolerance on the course and outcome of pregnancy is very current. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the data on the influence of mothers? glucose homeostasis disturbances on the occurrence of cardiorespiratory disorders in newborns, as well as their influence on the perinatal outcome. Methods. Prospective examination included 102 newborns in total - 31 infants of mothers with glucose homeostasis disorder (Group I) and 71 infants of healthy mothers (Group II). Average age, body height, body weight, body mass index, parity and illness duration of the pregnant women had been determined, as well as the delivery method. Every newborn was provided with physical examination, Apgar score was calculated, body weight and body length were measured. Also, electrocardiography and brain ultrasound, as well as the basic hematology biochemical and microbiological analysis, were performed within the examinations of the infants. Results. The average weight and obesity incidence with diabetic women was higher than in the control group and their infants were heavier and with lower gestational age. Heart failures were diagnosed in five (16.1%) infants of diabetic mothers and in one (1.4%) infant of a healthy woman (p<0.01). Respiratory disorders were diagnosed in 48.4% infants of diabetic mothers and in 12.6% of healthy mothers (p<0.01). Forty-two percent of infants of diabetic mothers and 19.7% infants of healthy mothers needed additional oxygen. Conclusion. Congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system and respiratory disorders in the infants of diabetic mothers were six to eight times more frequent than in the infants of healthy mothers.

ALPHA1-FETOPROTEIN AND CARBONIC ANHYDRASE B AND C CONCENTRATION IN CORD BLOOD FROM NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S81-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nørgaard-Pedersen ◽  
J. G. Klebe
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase B ◽  
Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ABSTRACT Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) concentration B and C and the α1-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration was determined in cord blood from 45 newborn infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). The concentration of these quantities has separately been compared with the corresponding concentration in cord blood from normal newborn infants with the same gestational age. No difference was found except for AFP, where a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration was found in some infants of insulin treated diabetic mothers.

scholarly journals Influence of glucose homeostasis on maturation and ontogenesis of fetus

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Ivan Hrabovski ◽  
Ljubomir Milasnovic ◽  
Zorica Grujic ◽  
Ilija Grujic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Group I ◽  
Brain Ultrasound ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Introduction. The aim of the paper is to examine the incidence and the rate of cardio respiratory disorders in mothers of newborns with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy as well as their influence on the perinatal outcome. Material and methods. A prospective and random study included 102 newborns, 31 newborns of mothers with glucose homeostasis disorder (group I) and 71 newborns of healthy mothers (group II). The average age, body height, body weight, body mass index, parity and illness duration of the pregnant women were recorded as well as the delivery method. Every newborn underwent physical examination in order to determine the Apgar score, body weight and length. Electrocardiogram, brain ultrasound and the basic hematology biochemical and microbiological analysis were done as well. Results. The average weight and obesity incidence were higher in diabetic women than in the control group and their newborns were heavier and of lower gestational age.Heart failures were diagnosed in 5 (1612%) newborns of diabetic mothers and in 1 (1.4%) of a healthy pregnant woman (p<0.01). Respiratory disorders were diagnosed in 48.4% of newborns of diabetic mothers and 12.64% of healthy mothers (p<0.01). Additional oxygen was needed by 42% of newborns of diabetic mothers and 19.7% of newborns of healthy mothers. Conclusion. Congenital anomalies of cardiovascular system and respiratory disorders were 6-8 times more frequent in newborns of diabetic mothers than in newborns of healthy mothers.

Abstract 16893: Subclinical Decrease in Myocardial Function in Asymptomatic Infants of Diabetic Mothers: A Tissue Doppler Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny E Zablah ◽  
Dorota Gruber ◽  
Denise A Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Introduction: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) with cardiac hypertrophy are recognized to have impaired myocardial performance, but less is known about ventricular function in those without hypertrophy. We hypothesized that, in asymptomatic newborns with normal echocardiograms, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) indices of cardiac function would be decreased in IDMs compared to controls. Methods: This retrospective case-control study involved IDMs ≥ 36 weeks gestational age, at 0 to 7 days of life. Subjects with cardiorespiratory symptoms, ventricular hypertrophy or dysfunction, or any echocardiographic abnormality (other than a patent ductus arteriosus before 4 days of life, or a patent foramen ovale) were excluded. Each subject was matched with 3 controls (healthy infants of non-diabetic mothers) by age (0-24, 25-48, 49-72, or > 72 hours of life), birth weight (± 0.5 kg), body surface area (± 0.03 m 2 ), and by the ultrasound system utilized. TDI systolic (S’), early diastolic (E’), and late diastolic (A’) velocities were measured at the mitral valve (MV) annulus, basal ventricular septum, and tricuspid valve (TV) annulus, and were averaged from 3 consecutive cardiac cycles. Early Doppler inflow velocity to E’ ratios (E/E’) were calculated. Results: Seventy cases (39 male) were identified: first 24 hours (h) of life (n=18), 25-48 h (n=22), 49-72 h (n=14), and > 72 h (n=16). Maternal diabetes was gestational in 60 cases, and pre-existing in 10. Median gestational age was 38 6/7 weeks (range 36-41 2/7), median birth weight 3.65 kg (2.56-5.38), and median BSA 0.22 m 2 (0.17-0.27). Ultrasound system vendors included Siemens ® (n=46), Philips ® (n=23), and General Electric ® (n=1). Cases were matched with 210 controls. IDMs had significantly lower S’ ( p ≤ 0.05) and E’ ( p ≤ 0.01) velocities, and significantly higher E/E’ ratios ( p ≤ 0.01) at the MV, basal septum, and TV compared to controls (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). There were no significant differences in A’ values between groups. Intraclass correlation demonstrated 84-99% interobserver and 98-99% intraobserver reliability. Conclusions: In asymptomatic newborn IDMs without cardiac hypertrophy, TDI suggests a subclinical decrease in systolic and diastolic myocardial function compared to controls.

HEMOGLOBIN F IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S73-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Davidsen
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Hemoglobin F ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Agar Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ABSTRACT The relative concentration of hemoglobin F was determined by use of agar gel electrophoresis in the cord blood from 38 infants of diabetic mothers and 94 infants with non-diabetic mothers. The relative concentration of hemoglobin F was found to be negatively correlated to the gestational age of the infants. In infants of diabetic mothers the concentration was insignificantly higher than would be expected from their gestational age, and comparable to that of infants of non-diabetic mothers of about 2 weeks lower gestational age. In the diabetes group hemoglobin F was correlated neither to the increased birth weight of the infants nor to the severity of the maternal diabetes.

Levels of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 are Decreased in Macrosomic Neonates from Non-Diabetic Mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 (01) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Ayla Aktulay ◽  
Yaprak Engin-Ustun ◽  
Ozlem Yasar ◽  
Canan Yilmaz ◽  
Salim Erkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived peptide with insulin-like effects. Our aim was to analyze cord blood GLP-1 levels of macrosomic and appropriate-gestational-age (AGA) neonates from non-diabetic mothers. A case-control study was conducted with 22 term macrosomic neonates (birth weight≥4000 g) and 22 AGA (birth weight>10th percentile and<4000 g) pregnancies. Cord blood GLP-1 levels of neonates were measured. There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age and gravida between the 2 groups. Umbilical cord blood GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in macrosomic neonates (6.9±2.9 pg/mL) compared with control group (10.3±3.7 pg/mL) (p=0.002). Binary logistic regression analysis showed only the maternal BMI to be an independent statistically significant predictor of macrosomia (odds ratio=2.459; 95% CI, 1.170–5.170; P=0.018). The results of our study revealed decreased GLP-1 levels in macrosomic neonates, and maternal BMI was an independent predictor of macrosomia.

scholarly journals Neonatal Outcomes of Large-for-Gestational Age Infants with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Taslima Begum ◽  
Gulshan Ara Begum ◽  
Mahmood A Chowdhury ◽  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
Md Badrudddoza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Background: Infants are considered Large for Gestational Age (LGA)if their birth weight is greater than the 90th percentile for gestational age. Birth weight is influenced by a number of factors with maternal diabetes being one of the most common risk factor affecting birth weight. They have an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to compare the neonatal outcomes of LGA infants delivered by women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a prospective study of all live-born LGA infants of 37 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 4000g admitted at Neonatal ward of Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital (CMSOGH) between 1st August 2013 to 31st July 2014. Type of sampling was purposive convenient sampling. A total of 51 neonatal patients were included. Data was collected in case record form. Data collected for the mothers included age, parity, gestational age and mode of delivery. Data for the infants include sex, birth weight, birth length and laboratory test. Outcomes were compared between infants of diabetic mothers (Group A) and infants of non- diabetic mothers (Group B). Then data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 program and presented by tabular method, diagram and chart.Results: Among fifty one study subjects, thirty were Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs) while twenty one were non- IDMs. 19 (63.3%) of the IDMs were male while 11 (36.7%) were female. Among the 21 non-IDMs 10 (47.6%) were male and 11 (52.4%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. 5 (16.7%) of the IDMs were delivered vaginally while 25 (83.3%) were delivered by Caesarian Section (CS) where as 8 (38.1%) of the non- IDMs were delivered vaginally while 13 (61.9%) were delivered by CS. Respiratory distress was the most common morbidity affecting 70% of the IDMs and 66.7% of the non-IDMs. TTN accounted for the majority of the respiratory distress cases, occurring in 17 of the IDMs and 12 of the non-IDMs. Regarding analysis of other clinical features, convulsion (63.3%) was present more in IDMs than in non-IDMs (52.4%) cyanosis was found more in IDMs (60%) than non-IDMs (38.1%). Hypoglycemia was found more in IDMs than in non-IDMs. Mean glucose values were 41.06±19.91mg/dl for IDMs and 53.06±28.96mg/dl for the non-IDMs (p=0.001). Hyperbilirubinemia was more frequently observed in IDMs than in non- IDMs. About 17 (56.6%) of the IDMs and 7(33.3%) of the non-IDMs developed jaundice during the period of hospital stay. Polycythemia was not observed in both the groups but PCV was higher in IDMs (53.96±6.36) compared to non-IDMs (50.50±8.76). Hypocalcemia was not peculiar to a specific group. Five of the IDMs had congenital anomaly, of which three of them had cardiac anomaly. One of the non-IDM was suffering from ventricular septal defect. Birth asphyxia was observed more in non-IDMs (71.4%) than in IDMs (53.3%).One of the IDMs and two of the non-IDMs sustained a brachial plexus injury following vaginal delivery. On an average, IDMs had a longer duration of hospital stay. Outcome was more fatal in IDMs. About six (20%) of IDMs died compared to two (9.5%) of the non-IDMs. That was found statistically significant (p=<0.05).Conclusion: LGA babies with diabetic mother had more adverse outcome in terms of mortality and blood glucose level. More concentration is needed to control blood glucose of mother during pregnancy. Also extra care for the babies is needed to avoid fatal neonatal outcomes.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (2); July 2017; Page 25-30

Monitoring of early postnatal glucose homeostasis and cerebral function in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. A pilot study

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Stenninger ◽  
Elisabeth Eriksson ◽  
Anders Stigfur ◽  
Jens Schollin ◽  
Jan Åman
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Diabetic Mothers
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