Heart rate turbulence in mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis in boxers

Abstract Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a new electrocardiographic parameter used in human medicine to predict the possibility of death in patients with cardiac diseases. There is no information about HRT in healthy dogs and those with cardiac diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the HRT in healthy Boxers dogs with Boxers with mild and moderate subaortic stenosis (SAS), to disclose the relationship between HRT and specific echocardiographic parameters and to evaluate if HRT can be used as a prognostic value in dogs with aortic stenosis. The study revealed significantly lower values of turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) HRT dogs with SAS (TO = -0.76 ± 2.6, TS = 7.1 ± 3.21) in compared with healthy dogs (TO = -7.45 ± 9.72, TS = 14.33 ± 8.76). TO values correlated with the left ventricular mass (LVM)/body mass factor (r = 0,32; p = 0.048). Based on the results obtained it can be stated that dogs with SAS have a compromised baroreceptor response, which can influence the mortality of the animals with described cardiac defect.

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Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-10002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1767-1774

Author(s):

E.A. Santos ◽

K.P. Aptekmann ◽

P.O.P.R. Santos ◽

A.C. Reis ◽

M.C.C. Kuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Sedation Scale ◽

Left Ventricular Diameter ◽

Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽

Echocardiographic Examination ◽

Echocardiographic Parameters ◽

Healthy Dogs

ABSTRACT Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.

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Comparison of Aortic Gradient and Ventricular Mass after Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis with Rapid Deployment, Sutureless, and Conventional Bioprostheses

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000516465 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rubén Taboada-Martín ◽

José María Arribas-Leal ◽

María Asunción Esteve-Pastor ◽

José Abellán Alemán ◽

Francisco Marín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Ventricular Mass ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Echocardiographic Parameters ◽

Rapid Deployment ◽

The Impact ◽

Peak Gradient

Background: The use of rapid deployment and sutureless aortic prostheses is increasing. Previous reports have shown promising results on haemodynamic performance and mortality rates. However, the impact of these bioprostheses on left ventricular mass (LVM) regression remains unknown. We decided to study the changes in remodelling and LVM regression in isolated severe aortic stenosis treated with conventional or Perceval® or Intuity® valves. Method and Results: From January 2011 to January 2016, 324 bioprostheses were implanted in our centre. The collected characteristics were divided into 3 groups: conventional valves, Perceval®, and Intuity®, and they were analysed after 12 months. There were 183 conventional valves (56%), 72 Perceval® (22%), and 69 Intuity® (21.2%). The statistical analysis showed significant differences in transprosthetic postoperative peak gradient (23 [18–29] mm Hg vs. 21 [16–29] mm Hg and 18 [14–24] mm Hg, p < 0.001), ventricular mass electrical criteria regression (Sokolow and Cornell products), and 1-year survival (90 vs. 93% and 97%, log rank p value = 0.04) in conventional, Perceval®, and Intuity® groups. Conclusions: We observed differences in haemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters related to the different types of prosthesis. Patients with the Intuity® prosthesis had the highest reduction in peak aortic gradient and the higher ventricular mass regression. Besides, patients with the Intuity® prosthesis had less risk of mortality during follow-up than the other two groups. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Risk Stratification for Serious Arrhythmic Events Using Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia and Heart Rate Turbulence Detected by 24-Hour Holter Electrocardiograms in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology ◽

10.1111/j.1542-474x.2012.00522.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 260-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yosuke Miwa ◽

Hideaki Yoshino ◽

Kyoko Hoshida ◽

Mutsumi Miyakoshi ◽

Takehiro Tsukada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Heart Rate Turbulence ◽

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

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Heart rate turbulence in healthy dogs and dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-012-0072-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 469-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Noszczyk-Nowak

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Autonomic Neuropathy ◽

Regression Line ◽

Reference Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Heart Rate Turbulence ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Healthy Dogs

Abstract Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is modulated by the baroreceptor reflex and it was suggested that it could be used as a measure of autonomic dysfunction. Impaired HRT is of a significant prognostic value in humans after myocardial infarction, suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy and patients with heart failure. So far no studies were performed assessing the importance of HRT in dogs. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the HRT turbulence onset (TO) and the turbulence slope (TS) in healthy dogs and in dogs with DCM and to compare the HRT in dogs with DCM that died during the first 30 days of observation and dogs with DCM that survived the first 30 days after the HRT analysis. The current study was aimed at determining reference value of the TO and TS of HRT in healthy dogs (control group) and dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM group). The tests were carried out on 30 healthy dogs and 30 dogs with DCM composed of Boxers, Doberman pinschers and Great Danes, of different sexes and body weights from 22 to 72 kg, aged between 1.5 and 11.5 years, submitted to the 24-hour Holter monitoring. HRT parameters were calculated using an HolCard software algorithm. TO is a percentage difference between the heart rate immediately following ventricular premature complex (VPC) and the heart rate immediately preceding VPC. TS corresponds to the steepest slope of the linear regression line for each sequence of five consecutive normal intervals in the local tachogram. The average TO in healthy dogs was determined as -13.55 ± 11.12%, TS was 21.33 ± 9.66 ms/RR. TO in dogs with DCM was determined as - 2.61 ± 2.1% and TS was 6.15 ± 3.86 ms/RR. Parameters of HRT were statistically significantly decreased (p<0.01) in dogs with DCM. HRT TO and TS were statistically significantly decreased in dogs with DCM. Dogs with DCM that survived more than 30 days of observation had HRT statistically significantly decreased in comparison to dogs with DCM that died after the 30’th day of observation. Decreased HRT parameters in dogs with DCM suggest an autonomic neuropathy which principally consists of the withdrawal of the cardiac parasympathetic tone. The more the autonomic neuropathy is advanced the faster the death of the dog with DCM might occur, with no correlation with the level of the heart failure.

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Subaortic stenosis and mitral dysplasia in three Black Russian Terrier puppies

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5630-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 321-326

Author(s):

J. Pikula ◽

J. Pikulova ◽

H. Bandouchova ◽

P. Kohout ◽

K. Najman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Aortic Stenosis ◽

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Outflow Tract ◽

Subaortic Stenosis ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Mitral Insufficiency ◽

Left Ventricular Outflow

A combined congenital heart defect of aortic stenosis and mitral dysplasia was diagnosed in three Black Russian Terrier puppies two months old. The aortic stenosis component included both fixed and dynamic obstructions. The fixed obstruction was subvalvularly located at the entrance to the left ventricular outflow tract. The dynamic obstruction was caused by the septal leaflet of the mitral valve protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract. Mitral dysplasia resulted in mitral insufficiency leading to regurgitation through the mitral valve closer to the septal side. The maximum pressure gradient across the aortic valve amounting to 103 mmHg measured in one puppy was consistent with the most severe grade of stenosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy in all three puppies that were males and originated in one litter, so genetic influences are supposed.

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Atherosclerotic vascular disease is more prevalent among black ESKD patients on long-term CAPD in South Africa

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-019-1583-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. O. Oguntola ◽

M. O. Hassan ◽

R. Duarte ◽

A. Vachiat ◽

P. Manga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Echocardiographic Parameters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be described as a “cruel alliance”, with CVD responsible for about half of all deaths among CKD patients. Chronic kidney disease patients are more likely to die from CVD than progress to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Dyslipidaemia, a known traditional risk factor for CVD, is highly prevalent among CKD patients and with an even higher frequency among ESKD patients on dialytic therapies. Prolonged exposure of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients to high glucose concentrations in CAPD fluid have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, we investigated the relationship of atherosclerotic vascular disease (AsVD) to clinical and echocardiographic parameters among black South Africans with CKD (stage 3) and ESKD on CAPD and haemodialysis (HD). Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 40 adult (18–65 years) non-diabetic CKD patients (kidney disease outcome quality initiative [KDOQI] stage 3), 40 ESKD patients on CAPD, 40 ESKD patients on HD and 41 age and sex-matched healthy controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on participants’ sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Serum blood samples were analysed for creatinine, albumin and lipid profile; lipoprotein ratios, Framingham’s risk score and the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) were calculated. Echocardiography was performed on all patients and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was measured in both right and left carotid arteries at 1 cm proximal to the carotid bulb. Spearman’s rank correlation and binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relationship of AsVD to clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Results Atherosclerotic vascular disease was most prevalent among ESKD patients on CAPD (70%, n = 28/40). Chronic kidney disease and HD patients exhibited a similar prevalence (47.5%, n = 19/40), while the prevalence in controls was 17.1% (n = 7/41). Presence of AsVD was associated with significantly older age, higher waist hip ratio (WHR), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and Framingham’s 10-year risk of developing CHD. Significant differences in clinical and echocardiographic parameters were observed when the study groups were compared. Age and LVH independently predicted AsVD. Conclusion Atherosclerotic vascular disease was more prevalent among CAPD patients compared to pre-dialysis CKD and HD patients. Among all lipoprotein ratios assessed, non-HDL-C showed the most consistent significant difference between the groups. Age (> 40 years) and presence of LVH were independent predictors of AsVD.

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