scholarly journals Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767-1774
Author(s):  
E.A. Santos ◽  
K.P. Aptekmann ◽  
P.O.P.R. Santos ◽  
A.C. Reis ◽  
M.C.C. Kuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sedation Scale ◽  
Left Ventricular Diameter ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Healthy Dogs

ABSTRACT Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.

Heart rate turbulence in mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis in boxers

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noszczyk-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Subaortic Stenosis ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Heart Rate Turbulence ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Mass Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a new electrocardiographic parameter used in human medicine to predict the possibility of death in patients with cardiac diseases. There is no information about HRT in healthy dogs and those with cardiac diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the HRT in healthy Boxers dogs with Boxers with mild and moderate subaortic stenosis (SAS), to disclose the relationship between HRT and specific echocardiographic parameters and to evaluate if HRT can be used as a prognostic value in dogs with aortic stenosis. The study revealed significantly lower values of turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) HRT dogs with SAS (TO = -0.76 ± 2.6, TS = 7.1 ± 3.21) in compared with healthy dogs (TO = -7.45 ± 9.72, TS = 14.33 ± 8.76). TO values correlated with the left ventricular mass (LVM)/body mass factor (r = 0,32; p = 0.048). Based on the results obtained it can be stated that dogs with SAS have a compromised baroreceptor response, which can influence the mortality of the animals with described cardiac defect.

HEART COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM

2011 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Hai Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Anh Vu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms

Thyroid hormone increases the force of the contraction and the amount of the heart muscle oxygen demand. It also increases the heart rate. Due to these reasons, the work of the heart is greatly increased in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism increases the amount of nitric oxide in the intima, lead them to be dilated and become less stiff. Cardiac symptoms can be seen in anybody with hyperthyroidism, but can be particularly dangerous in whom have underlying heart diseases. Common symptoms include: tachycardia and palpitations. Occult hyperthyroidism is a common cause of an increased heart rate at rest and with mild exertion. Hyperthyroidism can also produce a host of other arrhythmias such as PVCs, ventricular tachycardia and especially atrial fibrillation. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction, Mitral regurgitation and mitral valve prolapsed are heart complications of hyperthyroism could be detected by echocardiography. The forceful cardiac contraction increases the systolic blood pressure despite the increased relaxation in the blood vessels reduces the diastolic blood pressure. Atrial fibrillation, atrial enlargement and congestive heart failure are important cardiac complications of hyperthyroidism. An increased risks of stroke is common in patients with atrial fibrillation. Graves disease is linked to autoimmune complications, such as cardiac valve involvement, pulmonary arterial hypertension and specific cardiomyopathy. Worsening angina: Patients with coronary artery disease often experience a marked worsening in symptoms with hyperthyroidism. These can include an increase in chest pain (angina) or even a heart attack.

Effectiveness of personalized selection of antihypertensive therapy based on genetic polymorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V Shlyk ◽  
N.V Drobotya ◽  
L.A Khaisheva ◽  
L.V Arytyunyan ◽  
A.A Pirozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Agt Gene

Abstract   Recent data indicate that it is important to develop the problem of genetic polymorphism in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) for the long-term possibility of using it as a justification for choosing the optimal treatment strategy. Currently, despite the availability of effective antihypertensive agents, the percentage of patients who have reached the target blood pressure level remains still not enough. A rational basis for choosing a particular class of drugs and / or their combinations in a concrete patient with AH can be the detection of genetic markers that determine the degree of sensitivity to therapy, since the relationship of its effectiveness with the genetic features is not in doubt today. Material and methods The work is based on the results of a clinical, instrumental, laboratory and genetic examination of 41 patients with AH with insufficient effectiveness of previous antihypertensive therapy. The median age and duration of the disease were 54 (32; 70) years and 7 (1; 20) years, respectively. Taking into account the identified gene polymorphism, a fixed combination of an ACE inhibitor (perindopril 10 mg) and a thiazide-like diuretic (indapamide 2.5 mg) was assigned. The comparative dynamics of blood pressure daily monitoring, left ventricle echocardiographic parameters, as well as indicators of vascular wall stiffness were analyzed before therapy and 3 months later. Results The study established a relationship between the clinical and morpho-functional features of AH in the examined patients with polymorphism of the AGT, AGTR2, CYP11B2, GNB3, NOS3 genes:-786 of their heterozygotes and “mutant” homozygotes, of which 3 polymorphic genes (AGT, AGTR2, CYP11B2) encode the activity of ACE. The obtained results allowed to establish that positive dynamics of the studied indicators was revealed in all patients. Though patients, carriers of the mutant allele C of polymorphic marker T704C AGT gene, had statistically significant more expressed benefit changes in blood pressure daily profile, echocardiographic parameters (such as left ventricular mass index, indicators of left ventricular diastolic function) and all parameters of arterial wall stiffness compared with patients who do not carry the “mutant” allele. Conclusion Thus, the selected treatment regimen demonstrated maximum antihypertensive, cardio - and vasoprotective effectiveness in the group of AH patients with the presence of the allele 704C of the polymorphic marker T704C of the AGT gene, which indicates the perspectivity of using genetic approaches to develop personalized tactics of AH patients drug treatment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Abstract 51: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Phenotype And Cardiovascular Risk In Youth: The Ship-ahoy Study

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Flynn ◽  
Philip Khoury ◽  
Joshua A Samuels ◽  
Marc B Lande ◽  
Kevin Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of

We investigated whether blood pressure (BP) phenotype based on clinic & 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) was associated with intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 374 adolescents enrolled in a study of the relationship of BP to CV risk. Clinic BP was measured by auscultation and categorized using the 2017 AAP guideline. ABP was measured for 24 hours by an oscillometric device and analyzed using the adult ABP wake SBP cut-point (130 mmHg). This created 4 BP phenotype groups: normal BP (n=224), white coat hypertensive (n=48), ambulatory hypertensive (n=57) & masked hypertensive (n=45). Echocardiographic parameters & carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) were measured to assess CVD risk. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was lowest in the normal BP group, whereas multiple measures of cardiac function and PWVcf were worse in the masked and ambulatory hypertensive groups: Generalized linear models adjusted for body mass index (BMI) were constructed to examine the associations between BP phenotype and the measured CVD variables. ABP phenotype was an independent predictor of LVM, diastolic and systolic function and PWVcf in the unadjusted model. ABP phenotype remained significantly associated with diastolic function (E/e’, e’/a’), systolic function (ejection fraction) and increased arterial stiffness (PWVcf) after adjustment for BMI percentile (all p<=0.05). We conclude that BP phenotype is an independent predictor of markers of increased CVD risk in adolescents, including impaired cardiac function and increased vascular stiffness. ABP monitoring has an important role in CVD risk assessment in youth.

Abstract 13421: Ventricular and Arterial Elastance During Isometric Handgrip Exercise and Post-exercise Circulatory Arrest in Heart Failure With and Without Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Fujimoto ◽  
Keishi Moriwaki ◽  
Issei Kameda ◽  
Masaki Ishiyama ◽  
Taku Omori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Arterial Elastance ◽  
Post Exercise

Introduction: Isometric handgrip (IHG) training at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Impacts of IHG exercise and post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA), which isolates metaboreflex control, have been unclear in heart failure (HF). Purpose: To investigate the impacts of IHG exercise and PECA on ventricular-arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) relaxation in HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: We invasively obtained LV pressure-volume (PV) loops in 20 patients (10 HFpEF, 10 HFrEF) using conductance catheter with microtip-manometer during 3 minutes of IHG at 30%MVC and 3 minutes of PECA. Hemodynamics and LV-arterial function including LV end-systolic elastance (Ees) by the single-beat method, effective arterial elastance (Ea), and time constant of LV relaxation (Tau) were evaluated every minute. Results: At rest, HFpEF had higher LV end-systolic pressure (ESP) and lower heart rate than HFrEF with similar LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP). The coupling ratio (Ees/Ea) was greater in HFpEF than HFrEF (1.0±0.3 vs. 0.6±0.3, p<0.01). IHG for 3minutes similarly increased heart rate in HFpEF (by 10±8 bpm) and HFrEF (by 14±6 bpm). IHG also increased end-diastolic and LVESP (134±21 vs. 158±30 mmHg and 113±25 vs. 139±25 mmHg) in both groups (groupхtime effect p≥0.25). In HFpEF, Ees, Ea and Ees/Ea (1.0±0.3 vs. 1.1±0.4) were unaffected during IHG. In HFrEF, IHG induced variable increases in Ea. LV end-systolic volume and the ESPV volume-axis intercept were larger, and Ees at IHG 3 rd min was greater (1.30±0.7 vs. 3.1±2.1 mmHg/ml, p<0.01) than baseline, resulting in unchanged Ees/Ea at IHG 3 rd min (0.6±0.3 vs. 0.8±0.4, p≥0.37). Tau was prolonged only in HFrEF during IHG and was returned to the baseline value during PECA. During the first 2 minutes of PECA, LVESP was lower than that at IHG 3 rd min only in HFpEF, suggesting less metaboreflex control of blood pressure in HFpEF during IHG. Conclusions: IHG exercise at 30%MVC induced modest increases in LV end-systolic and end-diastolic pressures in HFpEF and HFrEF. Although the prolongation of LV relaxation was observed only in HFrEF, the ventricular and arterial coupling was maintained throughout the IHG exercise in both groups.

Enhanced brain natriuretic peptide response to peak exercise in heart transplant recipients

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2270-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Geny ◽  
Anne Charloux ◽  
Eliane Lampert ◽  
Jean Lonsdorfer ◽  
Pascal Haberey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Heart Transplant Recipients

We investigated the atrial (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), catecholamines, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to graded upright maximal cycling exercise of eight matched healthy subjects and cardiac-denervated heart transplant recipients (HTR). Baseline heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, together with ANP (15.2 ± 3.7 vs. 4.4 ± 0.8 pmol/l; P < 0.01) and BNP (14.3 ± 2.6 vs. 7.4 ± 0.6 pmol/l; P< 0.01), were elevated in HTR, but catecholamine levels were similar in both groups. Peak exercise O2uptake and heart rate were lower in HTR. Exercise-induced maximal ANP increase was similar in both groups (167 ± 34 vs. 216 ± 47%). Enhanced BNP increase was significant only in HTR (37 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 8%; P < 0.05). Similar norepinephrine but lower peak epinephrine levels were observed in HTR. ANP and heart rate changes from rest to 75% peak exercise were negatively correlated ( r = −0.76, P < 0.05), and BNP increase was correlated with left ventricular mass index ( r = 0.83, P < 0.01) after heart transplantation. Although ANP increase was not exaggerated, these data support the idea that the chronotropic limitation secondary to sinus node denervation might stimulate ANP release during early exercise in HTR. Furthermore, the BNP response to maximal exercise, which is related to the left ventricular mass index of HTR, is enhanced after heart transplantation.

P3835Improvement of myocardial energetic efficiency during treatment in hypertensive patients: the life study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Losi ◽  
C Mancusi ◽  
E Gerdts ◽  
K Wachtell ◽  
S E Kjeldsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Myocardial energetic efficiency (MEE) per unit of left ventricular (LV) mass significantly predicts composite of cardiovascular (CV) events in treated hypertensive patients and specifically heart failure in an event-free population-based cohort with normal ejection fraction, independently of LV hypertrophy (LVH). Purpose To investigate whether MEEi changes over time in treated hypertensive patients, and whether different treatments have different effects. Methods From the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint study (LIFE Echo Sub-study) we selected 744 hypertensive patients (age 66±7 years; 45% women) with LVH at ECG, without atrial fibrillation, previous or incident myocardial infarction and with normal echocardiographic ejection fraction (>50%). MEE was estimated as the ratio of stroke work to the “double” product of heart rate times systolic blood pressure (BP), simplified as the ratio of stroke volume to heart rate, as previously reported. MEE was normalized for LVM (MEEi) and analyzed in quartiles at baseline and at the end treatment, according to an “intention-to-treat” protocol. Results Age and proportion of women were not significantly different from the highest to the lowest quartiles (from 65±7 to 66±7 years, p for trend=0.352; from 45% to 42%, p=0.946, respectively), whereas diastolic blood pressure (from 97±8 to 100±9 mmHg, p=0.006), prevalence of obesity (from 14 to 31%, p=0.001) and diabetes (from 4 to 14%, 0.004) progressively increased. Prevalence of concentric LV geometry and echocardiographic LVH also progressively increased from the highest to the lowest quartile (from 14 to 70%, and 61 to 90%, both p<0.0001). MEEi increased over time (p<0.007), independently of initial diastolic BP, diabetes and obesity, significantly more in patients treated with atenolol than with losartan (p<0.0001) (Figure), due to both increased stroke volume and decreased heart rate (both p<0.0001). Figure 1 Conclusions In a randomized clinical study, MEEi improves with anti-hypertensive therapy. Improvement is more evident in patients with atenolol than with losartan-based treatment, possibly providing pathophysiologic explanation of the comparable performance in prevention of ischemic heart disease previously reported in the LIFE study.

Effects of isoproterenol on the cardiovascular system of fetal sheep exposed to long-term high-altitude hypoxemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1793-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamitomo ◽  
T. Ohtsuka ◽  
R. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Isoproterenol Infusion

We exposed fetuses to high-altitude (3,820 m) hypoxemia from 30 to 130 days gestation, when we measured fetal heart rate, right and left ventricular outputs with electromagnetic flow probes, and arterial blood pressure during an isoproterenol dose-response infusion. We also measured the distribution of cardiac output with radiolabeled microspheres during the maximal isoproterenol dose. Baseline fetal arterial blood pressure was higher in long-term hypoxemic fetuses (50.1 +/- 1.3 vs. 43.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg) but fell during the isoproterenol infusion to 41.3 +/- 1.4 and 37.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg, respectively, at the highest dose. Heart rate was the same in both groups and did not differ during isoproterenol infusion. Baseline fetal cardiac output was lower in the hypoxemic group (339 +/- 18 vs. 436 +/- 19 ml.min-1.kg-1) due mainly to a reduction in right ventricular output. During the isoproterenol infusion, right ventricular output increased to the same extent in both hypoxemic and normoxic fetuses (approximately 35%); however, left ventricular output increased only approximately 15% in the hypoxemic group compared with approximately 40% in the normoxic group. The percent change in individual organ blood flows during isoproterenol infusion in the hypoxemic groups was not significantly different from the normoxic group. All of the mechanisms that might be responsible for the differential response of the fetal left and right ventricles to long-term hypoxia are not understood and need further exploration.

P0152EFFECT OF LOSARTAN ON AMBULATORY SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling

Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies have shown increases in ambulatory short-term blood pressure (BP) variability to be related to cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined whether an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan would improve ambulatory short-term BP variability in hypertensive patients on hemodialysis. Method 40 hypertensive patients on hemodialysis therapy were randomly assigned to the losartan treatment group (n=20) or the control treatment group (n=20). At baseline and 6 and 12 months after the treatment, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed. Echocardiography and measurements of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and biochemical parameters were also performed before and after therapy. Results After 6- and 12-months of treatment, nighttime short-term BP variability, assessed on the basis of the coefficient of variation of ambulatory BP, was significantly decreased in the losartan group, but remained unchanged in the control group. Compared with the control group, losartan significantly decreased left ventricular mass index (LVMI), baPWV, and the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and advanced glycation end products (AGE). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed significant correlations between changes in LVMI and changes in nighttime short-term BP variability, as well as between changes in LVMI and changes in the plasma levels of AGE. Conclusion These results suggest that losartan is beneficial for the suppression of pathological cardiovascular remodeling though its inhibitory effect on ambulatory short-term BP variability during nighttime.

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