Colour variation linked to host-plants in the endemic beetle currently known as Ceutorhynchus contractus (Marsham, 1802) form pallipes Crotch, 1866 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Lundy, Devon

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Roger S. Key ◽  
Rosy J. D. Key ◽  
Jenny C. Craven ◽  
Stephen G. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Morphological Studies

Uniquely in Britain, the small island of Lundy has an endemic plant that supports two species of beetles that are also endemic. The Lundy Cabbage Weevil (currently called Ceutorhynchus contractus form pallipes) was originally distinguished from mainland C. contractus by its yellow legs, but genetic and morphological studies have shown that f. pallipes can have either black or yellow legs. Over a period of 25 years we monitored the frequencies of the two colour varieties on its two main food plants, Coincya wrightii and Cochlearia danica. Consistent differences were maintained, with roughly equal colour frequencies on Coincya wrightii and black individuals more common on Cochlearia danica, even when host-plants were growing close together. We provide possible explanations for this persistent but enigmatic difference.

Taxonomy and food plants of Bombus simillimus SMITH (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Sizeable Number ◽  
Himalayan Species

Abstract Bombus simillimus SMITH is a west Himalayan species, known only from Pakistan and India. In the Indian Himalaya this species is restricted to Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. So far, it has never been recorded from other regions. Its females (workers) can be recognized by the chocolate brown pubescence of the metasomal terga 1 and 2. The colour pattern of the queen is very distinct, with the whole body coloured black except for the last two metasomal terga, which are brick-red. In Kashmir Himalaya it is widespread around the lower mountain coniferous forest and was found foraging heavily on Trifolium pratense, Lavatera cashmeriana, Carduus spp. and Cirsium spp. Being very common and having a very wide distributional range, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, distribution pattern and illustration. Thirty-five food plants of this species have been recorded from the study areas.

The Sudan Millet Bug, Agonoscelis versicolor, F.

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Sarel-Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Pest

The Sudan dura (millet) bug, Agonoscelis versicolor, F., a member of the family Pentatomidae, Hemiptera Heteroptera (Rhynchota), is an important pest of millet. Its depredations vary from year to year, depending chiefly upon the rainy season, but every few years it causes serious losses of millet (Sorghum vulġare and Sorghum sp.), which is the main food crop of the Northern Sudan.This bug is widely distributed in Africa, but so far as the writer is aware, it is only in the Sudan that it occurs as a serious pest of grain, or, indeed, as a serious pest at all. In view of this, and the little work that has been done upon it, it was felt advisable, when a severe outbreak took place in 1927, not only to concentrate upon the control but also to effect as complete a study as possible of the bionomics and essential morphology of the bug.Upon completion of the work it was found better to publish the results as two separate papers : (1) A Sudan Government Entomological Bulletin, giving an account of the bug as a pest in the Sudan, the control measures carried out, the bionomics and parasites ; and (2) a paper for publication in a scientific journal giving the results of the morphological studies, and their relation and application to the bionomics of the insect. The present paper is the result of the latter study.

Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Myrtlemiris, evolution of endosomal spicules, description of two new species and Neomyrtlemiris, gen. nov. (Insecta : Heteroptera : Miridae : Orthotylinae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cheng ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
South West ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Molecular Alignments

The mirid subfamily Orthotylinae is hyperdiverse in Australia but poorly described; this work is part of a series of papers on the documentation of this fauna. Two new species of the Australian endemic plant bug genus Myrtlemiris Cheng, Mututantri & Cassis (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini) are described as new to science: Myrtlemiris kararensis, sp. nov., and M. lochada, sp. nov. The new Australian genus and species Neomyrtlemiris picta gen. nov. et sp. nov. are also described. Myrtlemiris is analysed phylogenetically using 32 morphology-based characters, as well as molecular alignments (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA; including 1958 base pairs) with the genus found to be monophyletic based on molecular, morphological and combined analyses. Neomyrtlemiris is the sister to Myrtlemiris. Host plant association analysis demonstrated constraints to the myrtaceous tribe Chamelaucieae, with Malleostemon and Calytrix recovered as ancestral host plants. Ancestral state reconstructions were carried out on male genitalic structures, demonstrating the phylogenetic value of endosomal spicules. This work demonstrates that the Orthotylinae are a rich component of Australia’s biodiversity, particularly in the south-west of Western Australia.

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
A.M. Schindel ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Trirhabda Virgata

AbstractThe suitability of three potential host plants, Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensis than on either S. graminifolia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult female T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of T. virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifolia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants.

scholarly journals IMPORTÂNCIA DE MICROHABITATS NA OCORRÊNCIA DE GÊNEROS DE EPHEMEROPTERA E TRICHOPTERA EM UMA ILHA NO RIO XINGU

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 662-673
Author(s):  
Samantha Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
◽  
Ana Luiza-Andrade ◽  
Suyana Karla Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Tamyris Pegado de Souza e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Coastal Margin

IMPORTANCE OF MICROHABITATS IN THE OCCURRENCE OF EPHEMEROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA SPECIES IN AN ISLAND IN RIO XINGU. This work described the abundance, richness and composition of genera and the functional food groups (GFA) of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (ET), in different microhabitats of a fluvial island, in Volta Grande of the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon. Aquatic insects were collected from 30 samples located in puddles situated in the interior of the island (rocks as substrate); and another 30 samples located in the coastal margin of the island (pebble as substrate). The different facets of diversity (abundance, richness and composition of genera and GFA) were compared between puddle samples with rock substrate and those from the coastal region with pebble substrate. In total, 56 individuals were collected, distributed in 15 genera ET. The greatest estimated genera richness and the largest number of individuals occurred in the rocks of the puddle environments. The composition of genera differed between the rocks in the puddle environments and the pebbles in the coastal environments, with the community of the latter being more homogeneous. There were more scraper organisms distributed predominantly in the rocks of the puddle environments and filtering organisms arranged predominantly in the pebbles of the coastal environments. The distribution of scrapers is related to the availability of food, since the island has little vegetation and the light on the rocks is favorable for colonization by biofilm, its main food resource. In the coastal region, the greater distribution of filters is related to the greater number of fine particles suspended in water, its main food resource. The results demonstrate that even in spatially close environments, such as on a small island, differences in the availability of food resources in different microhabitats can influence the distribution in multiple facets of diversity. Thus, even in dynamic environments such as large rivers, maintaining microhabitats is important for aquatic insect communities.

scholarly journals Genetic and morphological studies ofTrichosirocalusspecies introduced to North America, Australia and New Zealand for the biological control of thistles

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Biase ◽  
E. Colonnelli ◽  
S. Belvedere ◽  
A. La Marca ◽  
M. Cristofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Morphological Studies

AbstractTrichosirocalus horridussensu lato has been used as a biological control agent of several invasive thistles (Carduusspp.,Cirsiumspp. andOnopordumspp.) since 1974. It has been recognized as a single species until 2002, when it was split into three species based on morphological characters:T. horridus, Trichosirocalus brieseiandTrichosirocalus mortadelo, each purported to have different host plants. Because of this taxonomic change, uncertainty exists as to which species were released in various countries; furthermore, there appears to be some exceptions to the purported host plants of some of these species. To resolve these questions, we conducted an integrative taxonomic study of theT. horridusspecies complex using molecular genetic and morphological analyses of specimens from three continents. Both mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear elongation factor 1α markers clearly indicate that there are only two distinct species,T. horridusandT. briesei. Molecular evidence, morphological analysis and host plant associations support the synonymy ofT. horridus(Panzer, 1801) andT. mortadeloAlonso-Zarazaga & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2002. We determine thatT. horridushas been established in Canada, USA, New Zealand and Australia and thatT. brieseiis established in Australia. The former species was collected fromCarduus, CirsiumandOnopordumspp. in the field, whereas the latter appears to be specific toOnopordum.

The influence of the host plant or males on ovarian development or oviposition in the diamondback moth Plutella maculipennis (Curt.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hillyer ◽  
A. J. Thorsteinson
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Prereproductive Period

The conditions of larval development, especially food quality and larval density, affected appreciably the length of the adult prereproductive period. The isolation of females from males after adult eclosion did not affect this prereproductive period but increased the preoviposition period. The presence of host tissue reduced the prereproductive period of adult females. Presence of non-host plants (wheat broad bean, and pea) did not significantly affect the length of the prereproductive period. The effect of the host on egg production was successfully simulated by exposing females to allyl isothiocyanate, a characteristic constituent of the food plants. The processes regulating number of eggs produced were discussed.

scholarly journals An integrative approach reveals a new species of flightless leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae: Suinzona) from South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Wook Cho ◽  
Sang Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe leaf beetle genus Suinzona, consisting of over 20 species, is mainly known for species from Southwest China, and its closely related genus Potaninia, with only two species, is widely distributed in South China and upper Southeast Asia. Despite recent morphological studies, the status of these taxa has long been controversial. Here, we investigated the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of the genera Suinzona and Potaninia within Chrysomelinae using molecular, morphological and ecological data. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supported that they should be regarded as distinct genera, which is consistent with morphological evidence, e.g., well-developed/reduced hind wings. Based on combined evidence from examination of larval and adult morphology, host plants and mitochondrial genomes, we demonstrate that P. cyrtonoides should be placed in the genus Suinzona and that specimens from South Korea represent a new species. Suinzona borowieci sp. nov., occurring in narrow strips of habitat, shows high levels of genetic divergence and distantly related host plants between populations. The population differentiation seems to be correlated with its non-functional wings causing reduced dispersal ability and genetic isolation. Several populations have declined dramatically over the last few decades due to loss of habitat and thus are in need of protection as conservation units.

scholarly journals Body size and food plants drive local extinction risk in butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Palash ◽  
Shatabdi Paul ◽  
Sabrina Karim Resha ◽  
Md Kawsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Critical Importance

AbstractLepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are significant pollinators and ecosystem health indicators. Therefore, monitoring their diversity, distribution, and extinction risks are of critical importance. We aim to understand the drivers of the local extinction risks of the butterflies in Bangladesh. We conducted a systematic review to extract the diversity, distribution and local extinction risks of the butterflies of Bangladesh, and possible drivers of their extinction, e.g., body size, host plants and nectar plants. We updated the current checklist, which now consists of 463 species. We provided distribution and extinctions risk atlas showing both the diversity and extinction risks were highest in the eastern region of Bangladesh. We tested whether body size and host plants contribute to the local extinction risks of butterflies. We predicted butterflies with larger body size and fewer host plants and nectar plants would be in greater extinction risk. Accordingly, we showed that extinction risk was higher in larger butterflies than smaller butterflies, and in butterflies with a fewer number of host plants and nectar plants than the butterflies with higher number host plants. Our study highlights the contribution of body size and host plants as potential drivers of the local extinction risks of butterflies.

scholarly journals Two new species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with some biological data including larval host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4996 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
KYU-TEK PARK ◽  
UN-HONG HEO ◽  
BONG-KYU BYUN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Larval Host Plants

In this study, two new species of the family Gelechiidae are described from Korea. The new species are Teleiodes juglansivora Park & Byun, sp. nov. and Encoplata najuensis Park & Byun, sp. nov. For the new species, some biological data concerning on their larval food plants are given.  

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