scholarly journals LARVAL STAGES OF PHYLLODISTOMUM SP. (DIGENEA, GORGODERIDAE) FROM THE DUCK MUSSELS ANODONTA ANATINA IN UKRAINE

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Kudlai ◽  
L. N. Yanovich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Larval Stages

Abstract Rhopalocercous cercariae were found in the gonads of duck mussels, Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from the Sluch River (Zhytomyr oblast, Ukraine). The morphological features observed led to conclusion that this species belonged to the genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899. Obtained results suggested that the second intermediate hosts in the life cycle of this trematode were absent. Free-swimming cercariae were observed encysting in water. This species is similar to Phyllodistomum pseudofolium Nybelin, 1926 by overall body proportions and ratio of suckers: lengths of oral to ventral sucker 1 : 1.1; widths of the same organs 1 : 1.2. To confirm the taxonomic position of the species found and establish a possible relationship between it and P. pseudofolium an experimental infection of fish Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) as potential definitive host was performed. The infection was not successful. Descriptions and figures of all detected larval stages of Phyllodistomum sp. are provided.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

Distribution of the cestode Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) in the Palaearctic and new data on its postembryonic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kornienko ◽  
L.A. Ishigenova
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Very High

Abstract Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 is an intestinal parasite of Sorex spp. In the Palaearctic. There are significant differences in the descriptions of both adults and stages of ontogenesis of U. prolifer as described by various authors. The experimental infection of intermediate hosts with cestodes has been conducted. An overview of the geographical distribution, infestation of the definitive hosts and the development of the metacestode stages of U. prolifer are presented. The cestode is characterized by an extensive geographic area in the Palaearctic, wide host specificity and very high rates of infection of its definitive host. Urocystis prolifer has been recorded mostly in the taiga and forest zones of Palaearctic. Fourteen species of Sorex were registered as the definitive host. Redescription of U. prolifer and an amended generic diagnosis are provided. A complete description of the ontogeny from oncosphere to fully developed metacestode is given. Features of development of the metacestode are an asexual larval reproduction, the absence of the anterior and posterior obturator valve in the cyst of the fully developed urocyst, as well as excretory bodies.

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

Some Observations on the Transmission of Bacteria by Infective Larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Infected Host ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
External Development

It is well known that the first two larval stages in the life cycle of nematodes belonging to the superfamily Strongloidea, have a freeliving existence. During this time, the larva which hatches from the egg feeds actively, undergoes two moults and grows considerably before reaching the infective stage, when it is ready to invade a definitive host. Under natural conditions this external development takes place in the faeces, which have been deposited by the infected host on ground likely to be contaminated with various bacteria.

Redescription of Pseudotelorchis compactus (Cable and Sanborn, 1970) Yamaguti, 1971 (Cercomeria: Trematoda: Digenea: Plagiorchiformes) with discussion of its phylogenetic affinities

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Macdonald ◽  
Daniel R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Pseudotelorchis compactus from the oviducts of Emydoidea blandingi is redescribed and its phylogenetic affinities examined. The Ochetosomatidae is considered the sister group of the Telorchiidae based on the shared presence of a well-developed glandular and muscular metraterm, and on the use of tadpoles as second intermediate hosts in the life cycle. The monophyly of the Ochetosomatidae is supported by the presence of relatively short caeca and testes located near the posterior ends of the caeca. The monophyly of the Telorchiidae is supported by the presence of postuterine testes located near the posterior end of the body. Orchidasma is excluded from the Telorchiidae because it possesses a spinose cirrus, spinose metraterm and distal portion of the uterus, and testes separated widely in the hind body by the uterus. Pseudotelorchis is considered monophyletic by virtue of having ovaries with irregular rather than smooth margins, testes that vary from side by side to tandem rather than being consistently tandem, and by inhabiting the oviducts rather than the intestine of the definitive hosts. Pseudotelorchis is the sister group of Loefgrenia plus Telorchis, the latter group diagnosed by having ovaries that are at least half an ovarian diameter posterior to the posterior margin of the ventral sucker rather than proximal to it. Loefgrenia is diagnosed by the absence of an esophagus, while Telorchis is diagnosed by strictly tandem testes with smooth margins and well-ordered ascending and descending uterine loops.

The life-cycle of Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Experimental Infections

Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov., with 37 collar spines, is described from experimentally infected ducklings and chickens. It appears to be most closely related to E. aconiatum but differs from it in having smaller eggs, fewer tegument spines, almost confluent vitellaria in the post-testicular region, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker is serrated. The natural host is unknown but thought to be a bird.Bile composition may account for the markedly different recovery percentages of adult worms from the two experimental hosts.Miracidia hatch between 9 and 11 days at 22 °C. Experimental infections of snails with miracidia have not been obtained.Rediae occur naturally in Isidorella brazieri Smith, and free-swimming cercariae encyst in the pericardium of the same species of snail.This latter part of the life-cycle is based on strong circumstantial evidence. A few cysts were occasionally found in the pericardium of Lenameria sp. but the enclosed metacercariae were dead.The cercaria can be distinguished from Cercaria echinata, the cercaria of E. aconiatum, and C. equispinosa in having cystogenous gland cells containing granular material only, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker serrated.I would like to record my sincere thanks to Professor J. D. Smyth for his advice, and comments on the manuscript.

Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
The World ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Infected Meat

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is widely prevalent in humans and animals throughout the world, especially in the western hemisphere. Virtually all warm-blooded animals can act as intermediate hosts but the life cycle is completed only in cats, the definitive host. Cats excrete the resistant stage of T. gondii (oocysts) in faeces, and oocysts can survive in the environment for months. Humans become infected congenitally, by ingesting undercooked infected meat, or by ingesting food and water contaminated with oocysts from cat faeces. It can cause mental retardation and loss of vision in congenitally infected children and deaths in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. There is no vaccine to control toxoplasmosis in humans at the present time but one is available for reduction of fetal losses in sheep.

Life Cycle of Sarcocystis between Poikilothermic Hosts. Lizards are Intermediate Hosts for S. podarcicolubris sp. nov, Snakes Function as Definitive Hosts

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Rainer Matuschka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Podarcis Sicula ◽  
Italian Wall Lizard ◽  
Whip Snake

Abstract The role of the Western Whip snake Coluber viridißavus was demonstrated as a definitive host for Sarcocystis podarcicolubris sp. nov. of the Italian Wall lizard Podarcis sicula and the Tyrrhenian Wall lizard Podarcis tiliquerta. Sporocysts (9.58 x 6.94 μm) of S. podarcicolubris from a naturally infected snake C. viridißavus were fed to a Sarcocystis free lizard P. sicula and via arthropods Musca domestica to another Sarcocystis free lizard P. tiliquerta. About 3-4 months later sarcocysts could be detected in both lizards. The cysts measured 90-130 μm × 450-550 μm. The cyst wall had 2.5-3 μm long villus like protrusions. The sausage-shaped bradyzoites measured circa 7.7 × 2 μm. Refeeding of the experimentally infected lizards to the snake led to a renewed shedding of sporocysts after a prepatency of 12 -15 days.

ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF BRACHYLECITHUM ORFI KINGSTON AND FREEMAN, 1959 (TREMATODA: DICROCOELIIDAE), FROM THE LIVER OF THE RUFFED GROUSE, BONASA UMBELLUS L. INFECTIONS IN THE VERTEBRATE AND MOLLUSCAN HOSTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Flame Cell ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Daughter Sporocyst ◽  
Cercarial Production ◽  
Biliary Ducts

The distribution and life cycle of a dicrocoeliid trematode, Brachylecithum orfi Kingston and Freeman, 1959, from the biliary ducts of the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus, in Ontario and Michigan, have been studied in the definitive host and the intermediate molluscan hosts. Oval, dark brown, operculate eggs contain fully developed miracidia at oviposition. The eggs are coated with a lipid which prevents uptake of water and hatching until they are eaten by a mollusc; they will survive for more than 3 years at 2 °C and will tolerate exposure to −49 °C. The eggs hatch and larval stages develop in Zonitoides arboreus, Z. nitidus, Cionella lubrica, Deroceras laeve, and D. reticulatum, but not in 13 other species of terrestrial molluscs. Small, rounded, daughter sporocysts develop within the saclike mother sporocysts during the first 30 days after ingestion of eggs by suitable molluscs. Daughter sporocyst and cercarial development is completed 89–278 days after infection, depending on the species of mollusc and the temperature. The cercariae escape from the sporocyst endosac through a birth canal into the sinusoidal spaces of the mollusc. They migrate to the lung and out onto the dorsum of the mollusc via the respiratory pore, where they aggregate in numbers in slimeballs that are deposited on the substratum. Cercarial production continues for more than 100 days after onset. The longicercous, mesostomate xiphidiocercariae have a flame cell formula of 2((2 + 2 + 2) + (2 + 2 + 2)); they are provided with 6 preacetabular and 12 postacetabular glands, both groups of which open through pores lateral to the shank of the cercarial stylet. Cercariae in slime masses survive for 48 hours. When exposed to larval Colorado potato beetles, larval willow chrsyomelids, and mound-building ants, the cercariae penetrated the gut wall and encysted in the haemocoel, but died shortly afterwards.

Molecular evidence linking the larval and adult stages of Mexiconema cichlasomae (Dracunculoidea: Daniconematidae) from Mexico, with notes on its phylogenetic position among Dracunculoidea

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. May-Tec ◽  
A. Martínez-Aquino ◽  
M.L. Aguirre-Macedo ◽  
V.M. Vidal-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cichlasoma Urophthalmus

AbstractWe describe the larval developmental stages and life cycle of the dracunculid nematodeMexiconema cichlasomaein both the intermediate,Argulus yucatanus(Crustacea: Branchiura), and definitive hosts,Cichlasoma urophthalmus(Perciformes: Cichlidae), from the Celestun tropical coastal lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico. The morphological analyses showed significant differences between the total length of L1 found inM. cichlasomaegravid female and L2–L3 inA. yucatanus.This result indicates that theM. cichlasomaelarval development occurs in the intermediate host. We obtained sequences from the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal marker from larval stages ofM. cichlasomaeinA. yucatanusand adult nematodes inC. urophthalmus. Our morphological and molecular results support conspecificity betweenM. cichlasomaelarvae inA. yucatanusand the adult stages inC. urophthalmus. We briefly discuss the phylogenetic position ofM. cichlasomaeamong the Daniconematidae, and provide evidence of the monophyly of the daniconematids associated with branchiurid intermediate hosts. Based on the phylogenetic results, we support the transfer of theMexiconemagenus to the family Skrjabillanidae and do not support the lowering of family Daniconematidae to subfamily.

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