Early transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia

The objective of this study was to determine the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to evaluate the vigilance of the health system during the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Indonesia. The early epidemiology and transmission chains of COVID-19 were analyzed based on data from the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The results of this study shown although Indonesia is a country with a high relative importation risk of SARS-CoV-2, the first two cases of COVID-19 were identified on March 2, 2020. This relatively late date by regional standards raises the possibility of undetected cases beforehand. The first case was a foreigner citizen who visited the capital city of Jakarta and later was diagnosed COVID-19 after returning from Indonesia. One week later after the first case, 27 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in Indonesia, and the majority of the cases were clustered together. Apart from the possibility of underdetection of COVID-19 cases in the country, the government has strengthened the disease surveillance system and established an outbreak preparedness system to diagnose and control COVID-19.

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From epidemiological surveillance to European integration

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.04.09.00078-en ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 91-91

Author(s):

F Tissot

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Control Potential ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control ◽

National Surveillance System

Between March and June 1999, 442 000 Kosovar refugees arrived in Albania. The national surveillance system was unprepared for this and an emergency communicable disease surveillance system was set up to detect and control potential outbreaks among the ref

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High sensitivity for tuberculosis in a national integrated surveillance system in Finland

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.10.06.00546-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 3-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M Kokki ◽

P Holmström ◽

P Ruutu

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽

Notification System ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

And Control ◽

Culture Positive

Little is known about the sensitivity of surveillance for tuberculosis after integration of formerly dedicated tuberculosis surveillance and control into the general health care system, an integration which took place in Finland in 1987. We compared routine laboratory notifications to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1996, with data collected independently from all laboratories offering M. tuberculosis culture, and with data from patient records. 1059 culture-positive cases were found. The overall sensitivity of the NIDR was 93 % (984/1059). The positive predictive value of a culture-positive case in the NIDR to be a true culture-confirmed case was 99%. For the culture-confirmed cases in the NIDR, one or more physician notification forms had been submitted for 89%. A highly sensitive notification system for culture-positive tuberculosis can be achieved in an integrated national infectious disease surveillance system based on laboratory notification.

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An intervention to improve notifiable disease reporting using ambulatory clinics

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268808000721 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. J. TREPKA ◽

G. ZHANG ◽

F. LEGUEN

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Health Department ◽

Control Group ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Notifiable Disease ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

And Control ◽

Reporting Rates

SUMMARYStrong notifiable disease surveillance systems are essential for disease control. We sought to determine if a brief informational session between clinic and health department employees followed by reminder faxes and a newsletter would improve reporting rates and timeliness in a notifiable disease surveillance system. Ambulatory clinics were randomized to an intervention group which received the informational session, a faxed reporting reminder and newsletter, or to a control group. Among intervention and control clinics, there were improvements in the number of cases reported and the timeliness of reporting. However, there were no statistically significant changes in either group. Despite improved communication between the health department and clinics, this intervention did not significantly improve the level or the timeliness of reporting. Other types of interventions should be considered to improve reporting such as simplifying the reporting process.

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Epidemiology of Measles in Sudan

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v30i1130273 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Taha Hussein Musa ◽

Hassan Hussein Musa ◽

Layla Ahmed Mohammed ◽

Abdelkareem Abdallah Ahmed ◽

Rehab Ibrahim Kambo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Civil Wars ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Childhood Diseases ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Run Up ◽

And Control

Few epidemiological studies have been undertaken of measles disease among Sudanese, although measles is the third leading cause of death since 1995 among childhood diseases that can be prevented by immunization. The measles vaccine was introduced into the EPI program in 1985. In the run-up to the introduction of the vaccine, the country suffered from measles epidemics periodically and extensively, ranging from 50,000 to 75,000 cases and from 15,000 to 30,000 deaths per year. Simple actions can save a million lives of children through immunization coverage, eye care programs, maternal and child health education, maintaining and improving the general nutritional status of Sudanese children. Continuous surveillance and monitoring systems and evaluation are essential tasks at all levels to improve performance, identify and address problems throughout establishing and increasing the surveillance system. This review highlights a brief overview of measles epidemiology in Sudan and determinants of a measles outbreak, clinical symptoms, complications, and surveillance sites and the ways for prevention and control of measles disease. The review established that it is crucial to enforce coordination between governmental and non-governmental agencies for an effective disease surveillance system in the area, especially in those affected by civil wars.

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At-a-glance - Twenty years of diabetes surveillance using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.39.11.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 306-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Allana G. LeBlanc ◽

Yong Jun Gao ◽

Louise McRae ◽

Catherine Pelletier

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

System P ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada ◽

One Year ◽

Administrative Health Databases

In 1999, the Government of Canada, along with the provinces and territories, established the National Diabetes Surveillance System (NDSS) to track rates of diabetes in Canada. The NDSS used a novel method to systematically collect and report national diabetes data using linked administrative health databases. The NDSS has since evolved to become the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) and provides information on over 20 chronic conditions. This At-a-glance report provides the most up-to-date CCDSS information on diabetes rates in Canada. Currently, 8.8% of Canadians (9.4% male, 8.1% female, aged one year and older) live with diabetes, and approximately 549 new cases are diagnosed each day. Since 2000, the age-standardized prevalence rate has increased by an average of 3.3% per year. The age-standardized incidence rate has remained relatively stable, and all-cause mortality rates among those with diabetes have decreased by an average of 2.1% per year. This suggests that people are living longer with a diabetes diagnosis.

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