scholarly journals Extraction of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) seed oil using soxhlet method

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Lee Nian-Yian ◽  
N.S. Mohd-Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Soxhlet extraction which is also known as solvent extraction refers to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseeds with a liquid solvent. This is the most efficient method to recover oil from oilseeds, thus solvent extraction using hexane has been commercialized as a standard practice in today’s industry. In this study, soxhlet extraction had been used to extract the rubber seed oil which contains high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, the different solvents will be used for the extraction of rubber seed oil such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol and water to study the best solvent to extract the rubber seed oil so the maximum oil yield can be obtained. On the other hands, the natural resource, rubber belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genus is Hevea while the species of rubber is brasiliensis. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in any industry or applications in daily life. The oil of rubber seeds had been found that contained a significant percentage of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the important elements of omega-3 fatty acids which play important roles in human metabolism, not only playing structural roles in phospholipid bilayers but also acting as precursors to bioactive molecules. Moreover, rubber seed oil also contains a high percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid, these all are valuable compounds. Thus, rubber seed oil can be regarded as a plant derived oleic-linolenic acid. Rubber seeds can be considered as good sources for human food, animal feed and biofuel with its high content of fat, protein, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to study the method of extraction to extract the valuable components from rubber seeds, purify the extracted seed oil, so that the rubber seeds oil can be utilized into difference industries pharmaceutical, food, oleochemical and cosmetics.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Asam Lemak Penyusun Minyak Biji Karet (Hevea Brasiliensis) Menggunakan GC-MS

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Ismiyarto Ismiyarto ◽  
Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya ◽  
Pratama Jujur Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Acid Methyl

Isolation of rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) oil have carried out by using soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as solvent. This research have been determined of fatty acid composition of rubber seed oil. Separation of free fatty acid from triglyceride done by ethanol 96 %. The oil phase was analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrophotometer. It was resulted five chromatogram peaks of fatty acid methyl ester, there are methylester from palmitic acid (9.12%), linoleic acid (44.69 %), elaidic acid (44.69 %), stearic acid (8.89 %>) and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (5.30 %) respectively.

scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CANGKANG KEPITING LIMBAH SEAFOOD TERMODIFIKASI K2O

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. D. Astuti ◽  
I N. Simpen ◽  
I W. Suarsa
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

The CaO heterogeneous catalysts can be prepared by CaCO3 calcination process, with one source of CaCO3 being a crab shell from seafood waste. The preparation of the heterogeneous catalyst was successfully carried out by modification with KOH using a wet impregnation method at 800oC for 5 hours. The purpose of this research is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified crab shell and to examine the heterogeneous catalyst of K2O-modified shells in converting rubber seed oil into biodiesel. The results showed that the lowest basic alkalinity possessed without modified catalyst (1.0428 mmol g-1) and the highest alkali possessed potassium-modified catalyst (1.8314 mmol g-1). Characterization of specific surface area of ??crab shells without and with modified K2O were relatively the same. The surface morphology of the catalyst without and K2O modified was uniform. The catalyst examination results for conversion of rubber seed oil (Hevea brasiliensis) to biodiesel, the optimum catalyst concentration of 3% and the molar ratio of oil:methanol of 1:9 capable converting to biodiesel with the yield of 91.05%. The content of biodiesel were stearic methyl ester, linoleic methyl ester, linolenic methyl ester, and palmitic methyl ester.

scholarly journals Changes in the content of gamma-linolenic C18:3 (n-6) and stearidonic C18:4 (n-3) acids in developing seeds of viper's bugloss Echium vulgare L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stolyhwo ◽  
Jolanta Mol
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Competitive Action

Changes in the composition of fatty acids (FA) were determined in lipid extracts isolated from developing ovaries containing ovules and developing seeds of Echium vulgare L. The samples were collected successively over 20 days beginning with the first day after flowering. The contents of the n-6 FA family members, i.e., gamma-linolenic (GLA) (C(18:3)) and linoleic (LA) (C(18:2)) acids changed in a parallel manner and reached the maximum of 13.9% and 24%, respectively, on the 12th day, after which they fell systematically down to 8.6% and 18.2%, respectively, on the 20th day after flowering. Starting with day 13, the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (C(18:3) n-3) begins to grow intensively, from 24.2% to 39.3% on the 20th day after flowering. The increase in the content of stearidonic acid (SDA) (C(18:4) n-3), up to 10.5% on the 20th day after flowering, occurred steadily as the seeds developed, and was independent of the changes in the content of GLA and LA. The pattern of changes in the content of SDA, GLA, LA and ALA during the development of seeds, and the occurrence of SDA in the seed oil of other plants, demonstrate that the biosynthesis of SDA in the seeds is critically dependent on the presence of ALA. The above condition indicates that SDA biosynthesis in the seeds of Echium vulgare follows the scheme LA --> simultaneous, competitive, action of Delta(6) and Delta(15) desaturases, leading to the formation of GLA and ALA, respectively, and then ALA (Delta(6) des) --> SDA. The biosynthesis according to the scheme: GLA (Delta(15) des) --> SDA is highly unlikely.

Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude Rubber Seed Oil by Alkaline Transesterification

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Lin Sun ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Optimum Technique ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Abstract: This paper is focused on the preparation of biodiesel from crude rubber seed oil with high free fatty acids (FFA) content. The rubber seeds were collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. Two-step synthesis was selected to obtain the product, that is, acid catalyzed esterification was carried out first to decrease the FFA content, then methyl esters of fatty acids can be formed by alkaline transesterification. The reaction conditions of alkaline transesterification were investigated. The results show that the optimum technique is to carry out the reaction at 60°C for 1.5h, with the methanol-to-oil molar ratio 6:1, the catalyst amount 1.0% (g NaOH/ g oil). The yield can reach 75%. GC analysis shows the content of methyl esters of fatty acids is 82.29%. Some properties of biodiesel prepared are also presented.

Composition Analysis of Fatty Acids and Phytosterols in Rubber Seed Oil from Yunnan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Liu Yun ◽  
Fan Fang-Yu ◽  
Zhu Yi-Xin ◽  
Wang Yun-Xiang ◽  
Lv Zhao-lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Development And Utilization

Crude and refined rubber seed oil (RSO) produced from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province was analyzed. After methylation and saponification, the contents of fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that both the crude and refined RSOs contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols. Four unsaturated fatty acid contents of 83.56% and 83.25% are found in both crude and refined RSOs, respectively. Six to seven types of phytosterols are found in both crude and refined RSOs. The contents of β-sitosterol are 12.13 and 11.22 mg/g in crude and refined RSO, respectively. This study provided fundamental instruction on the research, development, and utilization of RSO.

scholarly journals Influence the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Salni Salni ◽  
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani ◽  
Hanifa Marisa Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

This research studies the influence of the type of rubber seed that is superior and local, altitude plant in South Sumatra province to the characteristic of seed, oil and biodiesel (methyl ester). Rubber plants planted from local rubber seed by seeds seedlings and superior rubber seed by selected clones. In the study, rubber plants planted at a different altitude, namely in Banyuasin district (18 m above sea level), Prabumulih District (176 m above sea level) and Lahat District (627 m above sea level). The results showed that the weight of the flour, the water content and ash content in the local rubber seeds larger than the superior rubber seed for all altitude, but oil content a large in the superior rubber seeds. The major of fatty acids in the rubber seed oil in all types and altitude are a linoleic acid with a different percentage except local rubber seed oil from Lahat district with the large percentage of octadecanoic acid. Free fatty acids in the oil from the superior seeds rubber of 13.897-15.494 % large than local rubber seed oil was found 9.786-10.399 % for all altitude. By esterification process using sulfuric acid catalyst, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) can be reduced to ≤ 2 %. The methyl ester made from the transesterification process of rubber seed oil after esterification using methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Analysis of methyl esters includes cetane index, flash point, kinematic viscosity, carbon residue, density, moisture content, water and sediment content and distillation compared with SNI 7182 and ASTM 6751-02.  The result indicated that the quality of methyl ester from superior rubber seed oil in the Banyuasin and Prabumulih district better than another methyl ester. The types of rubber seed altitude affect the characteristics of the seed, oil and methyl ester  but the altitude are not significantly different.Keywords: rubber seed, type, altitude, oil, biodieselArticle History: Received March 21st 2017; Received in revised form May 5th 2017; Accepted June 2nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Salni, S, Hariani, P.L. and Marisa, H. (2017) Influence the Rubber Seed Type and Altitude on Characteristic of Seed, Oil and Biodiesel. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(2), 157-163.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.157-163

scholarly journals Pembuatan Minyak Biji Karet Dari Biji Karet Dengan Menggunakan Metode Screw Pressing: Analisis Produk Penghitungan Rendemen, Penentuan Kadar Air Minyak, Analisa Densitas, Analisa Viskositas, Analisa Angka Asam Dan Analisa Angka Penyabunan

METANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Edwin Mukhtadi
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Screw Pressing ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Pressing

Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang banyak menunjang perekonomian Negara. Selain menghasilkan lateks, perkebunan karet juga menghasilkan biji karet yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimum. Dengan melihat tingginya kandungan minyak di dalam daging biji karet yakni sebesar 45.63% maka minyak tersebut sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan. Proses pengambilan minyak biji karet dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara antara lain pengepresan (pressing), dan pelarut (solvent). Dua cara yang umum digunakan yaitu dengan metode pengepresan mekanis antara lain pengepresan hidrolik (hydraulic pressing) dan pengepresan berulir (screw pressing). Cara screw pressing memerlukan perlakuan pendahuluan yang terdiri dari proses pemanasan atau tempering. Pada penelitian ini mempelajari tentang “Pengaruh Ukuran Material dan Temperatur Pemanasan Awal terhadap Perolehan Minyak Biji Karet dengan Metode Pengepresan Berulir (screw pressing)”. Biji karet dibersihkan dan disortir dari kulitnya maupun kotoran kemudian diperkecil ukuran biji karet dengan variasi ukuran 100 mm (+ 10 mm), 50 mm (+ 10 mm) dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya dipanaskan dengan variabel suhu 50oC, 60oC dan 70oC kemudian biji karet tersebut dipress dengan variabel kecepatan putar ulir 200 ppm. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat persentase terbesar pada variasi ukuran material 100 mesh dan suhu pemanasan awal 70 oC yaitu sebesar 10,11 %. Kadar air 0,2 %, densitas 0,920 gr/ml, dan viskositas 34,476 cp.Making Rubber Seed Oil From Rubber Bean With Using Screw Pressing Method: Product Analysis Calculation of Rendement, Determination of Water Content of Oil, Density Analysis, Viscosity Analysis, Analysis of Acid Numbers and Analysis of Plaque Rate Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is which one of agriculture product many have developing economic country. Except of latex product, rubber of plantation to production rubber seeds to optimum used not yet. As see oil content on rubber seed is very high 45,63% so the rubber seed oil has wide potential aplication. To obtain oil from rubber seed, there are two methods commonly used for oil extraction from rubber seeds, which are mechanical pressing and solvent extraction. Two common methods of mechanical pressing can be used, which are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. Screw pressing methode had been pretreatment consist of tempering. The objective of this research is to study the “effect of material size and preheating temperature on rubber seed oil yield using screw pressing methode. The rubber seeds are cleaned and the kernels are separated manually from the seeds. after that, rubber seed was size reducted with various 100 mm (+10 mm), 50 mm (+10 mm) and 100 mesh after that the rubber seeds preheatead with various temperatures 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. The next step is the pressing operation using screw speed 200 rpm. The higher result from research had oil yield persentation 10,11 % with variations material size at 100 mesh and preheating temperature 70oC.moisture content 0,2%, density 0,920 gr/ml, and viscosity 34,476 cp. 

scholarly journals Engineering Trienoic Fatty Acids into Cottonseed Oil Improves Low-Temperature Seed Germination, Plant Photosynthesis and Cotton Fiber Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Gao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Xu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Tanoj K Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Oil

Abstract Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3Δ9,12,15) and γ-linolenic acid \ (GLA, 18:3Δ6,9,12) are important trienoic fatty acids, which are beneficial for human health in their own right, or as precursors for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALA and GLA in seed oil are synthesized from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2Δ9,12) by the microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) and Δ6 desaturase (D6D), respectively. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed oil composition was modified by transforming with an FAD3 gene from Brassica napus and a D6D gene from Echium plantagineum, resulting in approximately 30% ALA and 20% GLA, respectively. The total oil content in transgenic seeds remained unaltered relative to parental seeds. Despite the use of a seed-specific promoter for transgene expression, low levels of GLA and increased levels of ALA were found in non-seed cotton tissues. At low temperature, the germinating cottonseeds containing the linolenic acid isomers elongated faster than the untransformed controls. ALA-producing lines also showed higher photosynthetic rates at cooler temperature and better fiber quality compared to both untransformed controls and GLA-producing lines. The oxidative stability of the novel cottonseed oils was assessed, providing guidance for potential food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications of these oils.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil to enhance the α-linolenic acid content in milk from dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 5719-5730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pi ◽  
S.T. Gao ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
Y.X. Zhu ◽  
J.Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid Content ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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