scholarly journals Study of Characteristics of The Conflict Between The Sumatera Elephant (Elephas maximus Sumatranus) with Communities around Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Rizki Sekar Arum ◽  
Rizaldi Rizaldi ◽  
Sunarto Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
The Past

Human-elephant conflict is one of main issues in wildlife conservation. The trigger of human-elephant conflict is forest convertion in Tesso Nilo National Park. A study about characteristic of human elephant conflict has been conducted from March until April 2016 in some area of the park including Lubuk Kembang Bunga and Air Hitam villages, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of dispute area have been and land use in the park. A survey and interview have been conducted to 30 local inhibitans. Lubuk Kembang Bunga and Air hitam villageswere located near by the elephant forest habitat (0-10 km) with elevation 0f 200-100 m above the sea level. The area mostly flat and close to rivers. The elephant attack palm oil and rubber plantation. Historical change of land use at Tesso Nilo National Park from 2004 to 2016 has proved to damaged the elephant habitat, while the elephants come to the plantation where they had ranged in the past time.

The Role of Agricultural and Environmental History in East African Developmental Discourse

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Stump
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Past

The past, or the perception of the past, plays a pivotal role in the formation of modern policies on land-use, since the rhetoric of conservation favours the protection of ‘ancient’ or ‘pristine’ landscapes, whilst the focus on economic or environmental sustainability has led to the endorsement of apparently long-lived ‘indigenous’ practices, especially where these appear to have permitted extended periods of cultivation whilst conserving local soil, water, and forest resources. Focusing on examples of locally developed intensive agriculture from Kenya and northern Tanzania, this chapter aims to highlight how the history of landscape management in these areas—although still poorly understood—continues to be cited within developmental and conservationist debates. It will outline how a combination of archaeological, historical, and palaeoenvironmental research might be employed to produce a more complete understanding of these agronomies, and argues that work of this kind is essential to qualify the historical assumptions that have been used to justify external intervention. The invocation of historical arguments in support of either economic intervention or wildlife conservation is not a recent phenomenon, but the critical appraisal of such arguments has gained momentum over the last two to three decades. It is by no means a coincidence that this is also the period that has seen a rise in interest in the precepts of ‘historical ecology’ (e.g. Balée 2006; Crumley 1994) and in resilience theory (e.g. Walker et al. 2004), both of which emphasize the need to study social, economic, and environmental factors from a long-term historical perspective in order to fully understand the relationships between them in any given place or time, and both stress the importance of seeing modern landscapes and resource exploitation strategies as legacies of former periods of land-use. More recently, a resurgence in interest in world systems theory—itself formerly influential on developmental thinking via dependency theory (e.g. Frank 1969)—raises similar themes through the notion that most if not all local economies have been influenced by their interaction with broader webs of trade relations at regional and global scales for several centuries (e.g. Hornberg and Crumley 2007).

scholarly journals PRESENCE of SUMATRAN ELEPHANTS (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in THE ECOTONE AREA of SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK (TNSTNS) and PALM OIL PLANTATION in SEMENANJUNG BANYUASIN SEMENANJUNG, SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafid Pirnanda ◽  
Indra Yustian ◽  
Zulkifli Dahlan ◽  
Winda Indrianti ◽  
Ina Aprilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Data Archives

A research to monitor the presence of Sumatran elephant between two ecosystem in Sembilang National Park (TNSTNS) and palm palm oilplantation has been conducted on March until June 2019 at Semenanjung Banyuasin Semenanjung, South Sumatra. This research aimed to verify the presence of Sumatran elephantpopulation and to estimate the number of elephant individuals in the area. The methods used weredirect observation during the day and indirect monitoring through installation of Camera Traps for 1 month. In addition, secondary data was collected in the form of data archives from the palm oil plantation records and interviews with affected plantation workers. From direct observation, Wedirect encountered one elephant individual and fifteen signs of elephant activities, such as sounds, footprints, and feces. From camera trap photos, we identified and verified onepopulation of Sumatran Elephants which consisted of at least twenty-two individuals with composition as follows: eight adult females, two young females, three infant females, and nine males. The ecotone area between TNS and palm palm oil plantation should be designated as a new habitat patchof Sumatran elephant that needs to be managed appropriately in order to maintain the designation of the area as a conservation area.

scholarly journals Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Arthropods in Okomu Forest Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Adeduntan S. A. ◽  
Akinbi O. J. ◽  
Osabiya O. S. ◽  
Olusola J. A.
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
National Park ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

A field survey was conducted in Okomu Forest Reserve Edo State, to assess the diversity and seasonal dynamics of arthropod species in selected land use systems (Okomu national park, Okomu rubber plantation and Okomu oil palm plantation). Samplings of arthropods were carried out between February and September 2020, arthropods were collected by hand picking and sweep net in each sampled plots at 25 m x 25 m in the study area. Insects encountered were killed and preserved by chloroform. Arthropods samples were taken to the laboratory for oven dry and identification. A total of 382 arthropods spread across 15 orders, 34 families and 81 species were recorded. The most dominant orders were Hymenoptera (Ants) followed by Odonta (dragonfly) and Lepidoptera (butterfly and Moth) during dry season while highest abundance of orders were Spirostreptida (millepde) followed by Hymenoptera (Ants) and Araneae (spider) during rainy season. Okomu National Park has the highest (220) insect species abundance follow by Okomu Rubber Plantation (136) while the least was Okomu Oil Palm Plantation (72) in the study area. Study revealed that Okomu Rubber Plantation has no record of Scolopendromorphra (centipede) andHemiptera (bug) while in Okomu Oil Palm Plantation no record of Scolopendromorphra (centipede), lepidoptera (butterfly), also there were norecord of blattodea (crockroach) order of insect species in Okomu National Park. The highest species diversity and evenness was observed in Okomu National Park (H’ = 3.03 and E’= 0.83) follow by Okomu Oil Palm Plantation (H’=1.89 and E’=0.86) while Okomu Rubber Plantation was the least (H’ = 1.53 and E’= 0.60). ANOVA showed significant (P≤0.05) different on diversity and abundance between land use systems while there is nosignificant (P≥0.05) different seasons in the study area. Observation was made on seasonal variation of arthropods species in different land use systems and dominant species as bio-indicators in the study area.

scholarly journals Determination of Stimulating Factors of Wild Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Dispersal from the Kaeng Krachan National Park to Surrounding Land Use in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-404
Author(s):  
Luechai KROUTNOI ◽  
Thavivongse SRIBURI ◽  
Saowanee WIJITKOSUM ◽  
Kamol NUANYAI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Water Courses

Wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) disturbances are a major conservation concern in Thailand. Elephant dispersal was observed to identify factors that encouraged seasonal migration from the Kaeng Krachan National Park (KKNP), of 466.24 hectares across, into adjacent agricultural lands at the Pa Deng sub-district (PDS) in Phetchchaburi Province, Thailand. Land use patterns in 1975, 1992, 2002, and 2011 from satellite images taken by Landsat-5 TM, and community attitudes on the impacts of land disturbance, were analyzed. All village chiefs were concerned about future management for living with the increased numbers of elephants strolling in their lands expanding from the KKNP border. In 1975, the area was almost completely forested, but chronologically changed to agricultural and community area by 6.43, 8.34, and 7.35 % for 1992, 2002, and 2011, respectively. The area of bare land and natural water courses was found to be reformed to 8.86, 3.46, and 1.38 %, in 1992, 2002, and 2011, respectively. It was concluded that community and agricultural development encroached upon the bare lands and water courses of elephants, and latterly interrupted elephant trails by forest fragmentation. Six elephant trails were found to be aligned east/west across KKNP into surrounding water reservoirs and agricultural lands, at 170 to 380 m above mean sea level (AMSL), at a slope of less than 10 %, and within a radius of 100 - 300 m from communities. Along those trails, data of line transects revealed indirect evidence, 70 dung piles, 27 feeding signs, and 26 footprints. They were directed to major water resources, e.g., the Deng, Paloa, and Kralang reservoirs. It can be concluded that an important factor influencing the elephant dispersal were water sources located at the border of conserved forest; therefore, water development for elephants in KKNP was recommended, using local community-based natural resource management.

scholarly journals Exploring the long-term vegetation and fire-disturbance history of the Biogradska Gora old-growth forest (Montenegro)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cagliero ◽  
Donato Morresi ◽  
Laure Paradis ◽  
Niccolò Marchi ◽  
Fabio Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Growth Forest

<p>As disturbances are predicted to increase both in terms of frequency and severity due to global changes, it is important to improve our knowledge on their natural regimes in order to adopt an appropriate management to enhance the resilience of forest stands. In this context, the assessment of disturbance regimes in old-growth forests is becoming increasingly important because these ecosystems are considered as reference systems that developed without significant human impact for long periods of time. In the temperate zone of Europe only few fragments of mountain forests perhaps succeeded to persist despite millennia-long anthropogenic land-use pressure. However, few studies support their long-term stability and continuity in a changing landscape. Our study focuses on one of the largest and well-preserved old-growth forests in the Balkans. It is situated in the Biogradska Gora National Park reserve, whose extension (c. 6000 ha) is large enough to recognize the natural range of variability of disturbance processes. Under informal protection (hunting reserve) since 1878, the area became National Park in 1952. At present the forest is dominated by beech, silver fir and Norway spruce. We assume that the old-growth forest stands dominated by coniferous trees, which are currently confined to the inner part of the reserve, were more widespread in the past, and that their area was strongly reduced due natural disturbances and land-uses (e.g. grazing activities, fires, forest exploitation) that may have promoted the spread of beech. We used orthorectified high-resolution Pléiades satellite images (0.5-2 m) and field surveys of forest structures and composition to assess the spatial patterns of successional stages of forest development, thereby indirectly tracing the recent disturbance regime. However, such datasets are unable to unfold longer-term trends and to identify the type of disturbances. Moreover, carrying out dendrochronological research both on living and dead biomass is banned in the reserve area. Thus, we reconstructed longer-term changes in species composition, and disturbance and land use histories using pollen, plant-macrofossils, and charcoal analyses from sediments spanning the past 1000 years. Sediments were collected from a small forest hollow situated on the edge of the present old-growth forest reserve. We found that on the edges of the reserve forest cover dominated by conifers (mainly<em> Abies</em>) was reduced due to land-use activities (agriculture, cattle grazing), as suggested by Cerealia-type pollen and <em>Sporormiella</em> spores. The expansion of beech populations, which are dominant around the forest hollow today, occurred very recently. What emerges with the current level of detail achieved in our study is that tree cover and composition changed substantially over time on the edge of the old-growth forest reserve. This suggests that the edges of the reserve were disturbed and consequently not characterized by long-term stability and continuity of vegetation. Expected results will advance awareness of the legacies of past environmental changes and forest-management on current ecosystems. This multidisciplinary study, in a poorly explored area as the Balkans, will permit to anticipate biotic responses of these important mountain ecosystems in front of future environmental changes, providing useful information for their management and conservation.</p>

A Weakness for the Maasai

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-178
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lekan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Serengeti National Park ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Colonial Government

This chapter examines the ground-level debates over pastoral land rights that lay outside the aerial camera’s frame in Serengeti Shall Not Die. When the British gazetted Serengeti National Park in 1951, Tanganyika’s colonial government had guaranteed the Maasai rights of occupancy because they did not traditionally hunt and were deemed part of the natural landscape. Yet a prolonged drought brought increasing numbers of Maasai into the parklands in search of better-watered highland grazing, causing conflict with park officials. Such movements, coupled with scientific and administrative misunderstanding of transhumance and savanna resilience, led the British to propose excising the Ngorongoro region from the park to accommodate local land use. The Grzimeks and a “green network” of international allies asserted that cattle herding and wildlife conservation were incompatible due to livestock’s overgrazing. They buttressed this ecological claim with fears of racial degeneration, claiming that there were no more “true-blooded” Maasai left in the Serengeti. The Grzimeks’ advocacy helped to transform a colonial debate about “native” rights into an international scandal. The green network had discredited British imperialism yet inherited many of its paternalist assumptions about traditional African land use and modernist development.

scholarly journals EKSPANSI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKOLOGI PEDESAAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursantri Hidayah ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Baba Barus
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
Management Area

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The biggest threat to Indonesian forest is the rise of new palm oil plantation. Indonesia ranked the top by the quantity and rate of expansion of oil palm cultivation. Riau ranked first with a contribution of 29 percent of the total national production of palm oil. The rate of expansion of oil palm plantations such as by land use change forest area, land of community, and farmland. Demand for land to the expansion of oil palm plantations in Riau Province continues to increase is so that has triggered high rates of conversion of land into oil palm plantations, this expansion HAS ALSO led to a conservation area. Many cases of illegal land conversion is done as occurs in protected areas and conservation. Tesso Nilo National Park is one of the National Park in Riau province precisely in Pelalawan and Indragiri Hulu does not escape from the activity of land conversion for oil palm plantations. Oil palm expansion has led to various effects such as changes in the landscape, the relocation of land and natural resources, changing economic and social. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying changes in land use landscape surrounding Tesso Nilo National Park, the changes livelihoods of local communities and the vulnerability of farm Households. Studies conducted in the village conservation area affected by oil palm expansion. Data were Analyzed descriptively by using spatial analysis and livelihood systems. From the results of the research Noted that oil palm expansion in Tesso Nilo has the caused massive degraded forests, forest cover is left now only about 20 percent. The pattern of the community living around the area turn out to be are relatively homogeneous with one source of income is from oil palm plantations. This causes people to be vulnerable to a crisis when palm oil prices declined. The high food consumption from the dependent communities will complicate the supply from outside the community when revenues decline. For the sustainability of the region need more intensive management area so that the destruction of the forests as a result of actions of this expansion can be overcome and potential conflicts between the oil palm and food crops in the future must be anticipated so there is no economic vulnerability of farm households.<br />Keywords: ecology landscape changes, expansion of oil palm, livelihood systems</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Ancaman terbesar terhadap hutan Indonesia adalah maraknya pembukaan perkebunan kelapa sawit baru. Indonesia menduduki peringkat teratas berdasarkan kuantitas perluasan perkebunan dan laju penanaman kelapa sawit. Riau berada di peringkat pertama dengan kontribusi sebesar 29 persen terhadap total produksi minyak sawit nasional.Laju perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit diantaranya dengan jalan mengalihfungsikan kawasan hutan, kebun rakyat, dan lahan pertanian. Permintaan lahan untuk ekspansi perkebunan sawit di Provinsi Riau terus meningkat sehingga telah memicu tingginya angka konversi lahan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit, ekspansi ini juga sudah mengarah ke kawasan konservasi. Banyak kasus konversi lahan dilakukan secara illegal seperti yang terjadi pada kawasan lindung dan konservasi. Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo  (TNTN) adalah salah satu Taman Nasional di Provinsi Riau tepatnya di Kabupaten Pelalawan dan Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu yang tidak luput dari aktivitas konversi lahan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit. Ekspansi kelapa sawit telah menimbulkan berbagai dampak seperti terjadinya perubahan bentang alam, relokasi tanah dan sumber daya alam, perubahan ekonomi dan perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan lahan disekitar lanskap Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, perubahan sistem naflah masyarakat lokal dan kerentanan rumah tangga petani. Studi dilakukan di desa sekitar kawasan konservasi yang terkena dampak ekspansi kelapa sawit. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis spasial dan analisis sistem penghidupan. Dari hasil penelitan diketahui bahwa ekspansi kelapa sawit di sekitar Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo telah menyebabkan hutan terdegradasi secara masif, tutupan hutan yang tersisa saat ini hanya sekitar 20 persen. Pola nafkah masyarakat sekitar kawasan berubah menjadi cenderung homogen dengan satu sumber nafkah yaitu dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Ini menyebabkan masyarakat menjadi rentan terhadap krisis ketika harga kelapa sawit menurun. Tingginya konsumsi pangan masyarakat yang tergantung pasokan dari luar akan menyulitkan masyarakat ketika pendapatan mengalami penurunan.Bagi keberlanjutan pengembangan wilayah perlunya pengelolaan kawasan yang lebih intensif sehingga kerusakan hutan akibat tindakan ekspansi ini bisa diatasi dan potensi konflik antara pihak perkebunan kelapa sawit dan pertanian tanaman pangan kedepan harus diantisipasi sehingga tidak terjadi kerentanan ekonomi rumah tangga petani.<br />Kata kunci: perubahan lanskap ekologi, ekspansi kelapa sawit, sistem penghidupan</p>

scholarly journals RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF Elephas maximus sumatranus IN SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH SUMATRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hidayat ◽  
Yoga Travolindra ◽  
Alex Ridwan ◽  
Suendi Erwin ◽  
Indra Yustian
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
International Union ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Key Species

Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are one of four Asian elephants subspecies, which are categorized as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature) since 2011. Some factors that might drive this species into extinction ranges from wild attacks in the forest, habitat degradation due to land acquisition for plantation and development areas, and human slaughter because they regard these animals as enemies that sometimes enter community settlements. Elephants in Sembilang National Park is an interesting issue because it has not been registered as key species in Sembilang National Park, as well as no authentic evidence and official reports about the existence of elephants in the park. This paper proves the existence of elephants in Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra. The elephant documentation is in the form of photos and videos of 4 different elephant individuals, footage, cruising lanes and elephant puddles. Evidence of the existence of elephants in Sembilang National Park strongly indicates that future actions, participation and attention of all stakeholders are needed to the conservation efforts of the biggest Sumatran mammals in Sembilang National Park

Managing rivers for conservation and ecotourism in the Kruger National Park

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Venter ◽  
A. R. Deacon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Three Rivers

Six major rivers flow through the Kruger National Park (KNP). All these rivers originate outside and to the west of the KNP and are highly utilized. They are crucially important for the conservation of the unique natural environments of the KNP. The human population growth in the Lowveld during the past two decades brought with it the rapid expansion of irrigation farming, exotic afforestation and land grazed by domestic stock, as well as the establishment of large towns, mines, dams and industries. Along with these developments came overgrazing, erosion, over-utilization and pollution of rivers, as well as clearing of indigenous forests from large areas outside the borders of the KNP. Over-utilization of the rivers which ultimately flow through the KNP poses one of the most serious challenges to the KNP's management. This paper gives the background to the development in the catchments and highlights the problems which these have caused for the KNP. Management actions which have been taken as well as their results are discussed and solutions to certain problems proposed. Three rivers, namely the Letaba, Olifants and Sabie are respectively described as examples of an over-utilized river, a polluted river and a river which is still in a fairly good condition.

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