scholarly journals NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, THE EXPERIENCE OF CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Piven ◽  
V. S. Krasnov ◽  
A. S. Novikova ◽  
F. M. Piven ◽  
Ya. B. Kushnir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an aggregate of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent, disabling clinical course and damages predominantly targeting optic nerves, brain stem and spinal cord. NMOSD is stratified into two types: seropositive for aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and seronegative, which is reported in 25 % of cases. This article presents modern conceptualizations of NMOSD and describes authors’ own experience of clinical observation of patients.

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
A. Sebastian López-Chiriboga ◽  
Brian G. Weinshenker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, traditionally diagnosed in patients with inflammatory attacks restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord. The chapter considers the epidemiology, pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis of NMOSD. The clinical presentation and radiographic features are reviewed and the prognosis of patients with NMOSD is considered. The mortality and morbidity of untreated NMOSD is much greater than those of MS. Treatment options are summarized and finally future prospects of research are considered.

An uncommon cause of vertigo: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110533
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ling Lin ◽  
Ching-Yu Yang ◽  
Wen-Ko Su
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Aquaporin 4 Antibody

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an uncommon antibody-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Its classic presentation includes long segments of spinal cord inflammation, optic neuritis with or without intractable vomiting, and hiccups. Here, we described a case of a 39-year-old woman with an atypical presentation of vertigo, which was finally diagnosed as NMOSD by a positive serum aquaporin-4 antibody.

Neuromyelitis Optica

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Teresa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord, has long been confused with classical multiple sclerosis. In this chapter, we review the important clinical and radiographic distinctions of NMO and NMO spectrum disorders, and summarize promising new concepts in pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.

Recent Advances in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Potential Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Du ◽  
Kaijun Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ruitong Song ◽  
Meifeng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System

: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an acute or subacute demyelinating disease that affects mainly the optic nerve and spinal cord. A major proportion of NMOSD cases have a relationship with autoimmunity to aquaporin 4 (AQP4) found on the central nervous system. NMOSD can occur repeatedly, causing symptoms such as decreased vision and weakness of limbs. The main goal of current therapy is to relieve acute symptoms and prevent recurrence of the disease. Without timely and appropriate treatment, the recurrence and disability rates are high. In the present work, we review recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NMOSD, as well as the pathogenesis and mechanisms of AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD.

Wasted tongue in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders due to hypoglossal nerve involvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Nerve Involvement ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

We report two cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with hypoglossal nerve involvement resulting in a wasted tongue associated with other brainstem symptoms of hypogeusia, hypersalivation, hiccough, increased sweating, hyperemesis and myelitis (in the second patient). This occurred due to involvement of the hypoglossal, tractus solitarius and dorsal vagal nuclei. Though the myelitis and other brainstem signs recovered the hypoglossal nerve involvement resulting in a unilateral wasted tongue did not. It is important to consider neuromyelitis optica and its spectrum disorders in the differential diagnosis of a wasted tongue though its occurrence is rare.

scholarly journals Spinal cord involvement in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ciccarelli ◽  
Jeffrey A Cohen ◽  
Stephen C Reingold ◽  
Brian G Weinshenker ◽  
Maria Pia Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spinal Cord Involvement ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Treatment options in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulus Rommer ◽  
Uwe K Zettl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

: There are few diseases with as many therapeutic advances in recent years as in multiple sclerosis. Nine different drug classes with more than a dozen approved therapies are now available. Similarly, there have been unimaginable advances in understanding neuromyelitis optica (now neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder [NMOSD]) over the past 15 years. Building on the knowledge gained, the first therapies have been approved in recent years. In this review, we aim to present all therapies approved for the treatment of MS or NMOSD. The different forms of application, different approval criteria and most important side effects will be presented. This work is intended for physicians who are interested in MS and NMOSD therapies and want to get a first overview and does not replace the respective guidelines of the regulatory authorities.

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