scholarly journals Effect of Ferrous Gluconate on Chromosomal Abnormality Index of Allium Cepa Root Tip

Author(s):  
Nergis Kaya

In completed research, ferrous gluconate -a food additive- used to preserve black color to prevent discoloration during storage in ripe black olives, and Allium cepa L. species. A. cepa L. roots were treated with different doses of ferrous gluconate. The effective concentration EC50 (0.068 g/l) was determined. A. cepa root tips were treated with EC50/2 (0.034 g/l), EC50 (0.068 g/l), 2XEC50 (0.136 g/l) dose for 24, 48, 72 hours, and afterward, the root tips were prepared for observation under the light microscope according to the method of preparing mitotic preparation. Chromosomal abnormality index (CAI) and genotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate in A. cepa root tip cells were determined. Repeated measurement ANOVA and TUKEY multiple comparison tests were used to investigate the effect of time and dose together on genotoxicity. C-mitosis, polyploidy, polar shifting in anaphase, polar shifting in telophase, equatorial plate shifting, laggard chromosome was observed by microscope. The highest CAI (70.16±4.85) was observed at 72h for 2XEC50 dose. Chromosomal aberration is also observed in control group. While the most common chromosomal aberration is determined as C-mitosis; The least observed chromosomal aberration is determined as polyploidy. Research results revealed that ferrous gluconate has a genotoxic effect on the root tip of A. cepa.

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Joanna Guzewska ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
...  

We investigated the influence of extract from <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. Elegantissima (TbE) shoots in 1:8 dilution, containing paclitaxel in concentration of 81,6 µg/g fresh mass on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips. Incubation time 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was followed with postincubation in water for 12 and 24 h. During shorter incubation (till 12 h) the surface of the cell nuclei decreased and chromatin became condensed (in comparison to control) but after 24 h the average surface increased and chromatin condensation decreased. In the course of incubation the average size of plastids and vacuoles increased. Moreover, after treatment mitochondria and plastids showed degradation of ultrastructure, which was reversed after 12 h of postincubation. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrated that in the course of incubation in the ThE extract, the tubulin cytoskeleton became partially disorganised. In most interphase cells, cortical microtubules (MTs) lost their oval transverse orientation. The preprophase band (PPB) position in the cell was often asymmetrical. The MTs array of the karyokinetic spindle and phragmoplast was also disturbed. These alterations were completely reversed during postincubation.


2019 ◽  
pp. 71-78

EFECTOS DEL SORBATO DE POTASIO A DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES y TIEmPO DE ExPOSICIóN SOBRE EL CICLO CELULAR y EL mATERIAL GENÉTICO EN mERISTEmOS RADICULARES DE AllIuM CEPA l. (CEBOLLA) EFFECT OF POTASSIUm SORBATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND ExPOSURE TImE ON THE CELL CyCLE AND THE GENETIC mATERIAL IN ROOT mERISTEmS OF AllIuM CEPA l “ONION” Joselyne Quispe, José Saldaña, Tony Verde y Shirley Valderrama Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo,Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0011/ RESUMEN Con el propósito de determinar el efecto del Sorbato de Potasio sobre el ciclo celular en meristemos radiculares de Allium cepa L. “cebolla” se establecieron tres grupos experimentales que se expusieron a las soluciones de Sorbato de Potasio en concentraciones de 0.5, 1 y 2 g/L; por 6, 7 y 8 horas cada una y un grupo control. Luego se realizó la respectiva coloración en Orceína acética al 2% de acuerdo a la técnica de Tjio y Levan, observándose con el microscopio compuesto un total de 1500 células meristemáticas en cada uno de los tratamientos. Los resultados aplicando tratamiento después de 8 horas de exposición a la concentración de 2 g/L mostraron una disminución del índice mitótico de 11.26 %, mientras que se incrementó el índice profásico en 95.57 %. Se produjeron también alteraciones como rupturas cromosómicas, puentes anafásicos y células binucleadas. Las pruebas y análisis de varianza, mostraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes tratamientos, confirmado mediante la prueba de comparación múltiple de promedios de Duncan. Se evidencia un probable efecto genotóxico en el material genético por el Sorbato de Potasio y una alteración en el ciclo celular de los meristemos de A. cepa L.; así mismo, se comprueba la función de biosensor de A. cepa L. en el estudio de sustancias que puedan afectar el ciclo celular. Palabras clave: Allium cepa, Sorbato de Potasio, Índice Mitótico, Alteración del material genético, Puentes anafásicos, Rupturas cromosómicas, Células binucleadas. ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of Potassium Sorbate on the cell cycle in root meristems of Allium cepa L. “onion” set three experimental groups were exposed to solutions of Potassium Sorbate at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2g /l, for 6, 7 and 8 hours each and a control group. Later the respective color in 2% Acetic orcein according to the technique of Tjio and Levan, observed with the compound microscope a total of 1500 meristematic cells in each of the treatments. The appropriate treatment results after 8 hours of exposure to the concentration of 2 g / L showed a decrease in mitotic index of 11.26%, while it increased the rate at 95.57% prophasic index. There were also alterations as chromosome breaks, anaphasic bridges and binucleated cells. The tests and analysis of variance showed significant differences between the different treatments, as confirmed by multiple comparison test of Duncan averages. It shows a probable genotoxic effect in the genetic material by Potassium Sorbate and an alteration in the cell cycle of meristems of A. cepa L., likewise, is found biosensor function of A. cepa L. in the study of substances that may affect the cell cycle. Keywords: Allium cepa, Potassium Sorbate, Mitotic index, Abnormal genetic material, Chromosomal breaks, Anafasic bridges, Binucleated cells.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kültiğin ÇAVUŞOĞLU ◽  
Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar ◽  
Oksal MACAR ◽  
Dilek ÇAVUŞOĞLU ◽  
Emine YALÇIN

Abstract Living organisms are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays of solar radiation, both due to the thinning of the ozone layer and the widespread uses in sterilization processes. The present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the damages of UV-A and UV-C radiations in Allium cepa L. roots. Three groups were formed from Allium bulbs, one of which was the control group. One of the other groups was exposed to 254 nm (UV-C) and the other to 365 nm (UV-A) UV. Growth retardation effect of UV was investigated with respect to germination percentage, total weight gain and root elongation, while genotoxicity arisen from UV exposure analyzed using mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) including micronucleus (MN) frequency. Oxidative stress due to UV application was investigated based on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. Also, meristematic integrity of the UV treated roots was controlled. UV treatments caused significant changes in all parameters compared to the control, but all effects were much more prominent in 254 nm UV-exposed group. This study clearly revealed that UV exposure triggered growth inhibition, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and meristematic cell damages in A. cepa roots depending on the wavelength.


2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nithyameen ◽  
P.R. Jeyaramraja . ◽  
S. Manian .
Keyword(s):  

Caryologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaymak Fisun ◽  
Pinar Goc Rasgele

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Abubacker ◽  
C. Sathya

ABSTRACT: Angiosperms are recognized as appropriate genetic models to detect heavy metal based environmental mutagens and are used in monitoring studies. Allium cepa (onion) has been used to evaluate DNA damages like chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in the mitotic cycle. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxic effects of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in A. cepa root tip squash mitotic cell divisions. The root tips were treated with three concentrations, viz. 5, 10 and 20 mg/100 ml of chromium, copper, lead and zinc at room temperature for 24 h. Mitotic indices and chromosomal abnormalities were calculated. It was observed that these heavy metals induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities comprising of Chromosome break, Chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, Vagrant, Delayed Anaphase and Vagrant, Chromosome Loss, Polyploidy and Chromosome Bridge, Chromosome Loss and Loculated Nucles, Stickiness, Multipolarity and Polyploid prophase along with the increasing doses. The effect of chromium and lead at 20 mg/100 ml concentration was found to be more toxic rather than copper and zinc to the root meristem of A. cepa. The ranking of cytotoxic potentials was in the descending order: lead > chromium > copper > zinc.


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