THE USE OF DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF WILD THYME THYMUS SERPYLLUM IN THE DIETS OF AWASSI LAMBS AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS: استخدام نسب مختلفة من الزعتر البري Thymus serpyllum في علائق الحملان العواسية وأثره في النمو وصفات الذبيحة

This study was conducted to find out the effect of using different percentages of wild thyme, Thymus serpyllum in the diets of Awassi lambs, and its effect on growth, carcass characteristics, blood traits and some properties of rumen fluid. This experiment was conducted in field of the Department of Animal Production of College of Agriculture and Forestry at University of Mosul. In this experiment, 24 twenty four male Awassi lambs were used, their ages ranged between 5-6 months, lambs were randomly distributed to 4 four treatments and each treatment included 6 six replicates of lambs. The lambs were raised and fed for a period of 90 days From date of (11/11/2020) the beginning of the experiment to date of slaughtering animals for sampling for research purposes on (9/2/2021). And lambs of first treatment (control) were fed on a standard diet only. Free from any additives consisting of barley, wheat bran, wheat straw, soybean meal, limestone and salt, a second treatment was added wild thyme 10 gm/kg feed/head daily, third treatment was 20 gm/kg feed/head daily and fourth treatment was 30 g/kg of feed/head per day. The results of experiment did not show significant differences in daily and total weight gain and carcass characteristics. The results of pH of rumen fluid before feeding or after feeding two hours, nor concentration of rumen liquid ammonia two hours after feeding did not show significant differences between the four treatments. As for the ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid before feeding, it indicated a significant superiority (P≤ 0.05) in treatment. Fourth compared to other transactions. Also, no significant differences were observed in blood characteristics.

Pengaruh pemberian minuman campuran daun katuk, daun pepaya, dan kacang hijau terhadap produksi ASI dan berat badan bayi mencit

Foodstuffs rich in lactogogum are very useful in increasing milk production, especially in postpartum mothers. This study studied the effect of a mixed drink of katuk leaves, papaya leaves, and green beans on increasing breast milk production and weight growth of baby mice. This type of research is an experimental RAL with four treatments and three repetitions on female mice of the DDY strain aged 2,5–3 months, a total of 32 mice with six mice each. Mice were divided into four groups, two treatment groups and two control groups. Its treatment for 12 days postpartum. Data analysis used ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test at a 5% confidence interval. The study results found that there was a significant difference in the average milk production of the mother mice in the four groups (p= 0,003); there was no difference in the average total weight gain of mice during the four groups (p= 0,187). In conclusion, giving a functional drink a mixture of katuk leaves, papaya leaves, and green beans has the same potential as commercial katuk leaf extract but has not increased breast milk production in mice. Suggestion, further research is needed to measure prolactin hormone levels and milk quality

The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Turmeric Root Powder and Carnation Flowers to The Diet on Some Productive Traits of Broilers Under Heat Stress Conditions

The current study was carried out on a poultry farm which belongs to the Animal production department - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa,for a period of 35 days, start from October 10 to November 13, 2020, for 5 weeks to find out the effect of adding different levels of turmeric root powder and carnation flowers to the diet on some productive traits of broilers. In this experiment, 360 broiler chicks were used, a one-day-old Ross-308 hybrid. Chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatments (60 chick/treatment). Each treatment had 3 replicates with 20 chicks each.These replicate included 20 chicks with an initial average weight of 40gm and the treatments were as follows: 0, 3, and 5 gm/kg diet of turmeric root powder for T0, T1, T2, as well as 3 and 5 gm/kg diet of carnation flower powder for T3 and T4, respectively, and T5 contained 4 gm/kg diet fodder mix of both turmeric root powder and carnation flowers. Chicks were exposed to Cyclical day temperature. Results showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the total body weight average in T2 and T5 Compared with T0, T1, and T3. Total weight gain increased significantly in T5 (P<0.01) compared to T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4.Also, results showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the total feed consumption ratio in T1, T2, T4, and T5 compared to T0 and T3. In addition, thetotal conversion coefficient for the birds showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in T4 and T5 by showing the lowest value 1.58 for both treatments compared to T1 and T3(1.64, and 1.62), respectively.

PSXI-13 Effects of pasture grazing on growth performance and blood composition of Hanwoo steer during the growing stage

This study investigated the effect of pasture grazing on growth performance and blood characteristics in nine-month-old Hanwoo (native Korean cattle) steers. Thirty one steers were randomly assigned to three groups: (CON) Italian ryegrass and concentrate (1.6% BW) until 14 month of age, (G1) pasture grazing 101 days without concentrate, (G2) pasture grazing 101 days and concentrate (1.6% BW). Initial BW of CON, G1 and G2 were 255 kg, 238 kg and 254kg respectively. Average daily gains were higher in CON (1.02 kg) and G2 (0.92 kg) than G1 (0.62 kg) (p &gt;0.05). Final weight and total weight gain were higher in the feeding concentrate (1.6% BW) groups (Con and G2) compared to the G1. Blood characteristics, such as such as total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were investigated to test the effects on health and energy metabolism. T-CHO, an index of fat metabolism and liver function, was lower in Con (119.75 md/dL) and G2 (107.13md/dL) than G1 (87.79 mg/dL). TG was higher in Con (21.63 IU/L) than G1(15.14 IU/L) (P&lt; 0.08). NEFA was higher in G2 (384 uEq/L) than other groups (Con 138 uEq/L and G1 225 uEq/L). These results show that concentrates supplementation during grazing period is needed to increase BW of Hanwoo steer in the growing state.

Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on the Weight Gain of Experimental Rats

Background: Obesity, as defined by the WHO is an abnormal fat consolidation or excessive fat deposit. Those excessive fat deposits have been known to be the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. One such additive is known to improve the taste of the food is Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of MSG on weight gain. Methods: This is a simple experimental design with a pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted in the Animal House laboratories of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sumatera Utara between October and November of 2019. The sample in this experiment is male Wistar rats aged 10-11 weeks that will be fed with standard animal feed mixed with MSG. There are 2 groups of rats (each group 16 rats), one group 1 (non-MSG), and group 2 (MSG). The rats were fed with animal feed (ad labium) for 31 days. The feed given every single day will be weighed and documented. The subcutaneous fat was taken from the abdominal and axillary regions. Result. After 31 days of treatment, re-weighing of both groups of animals was carried out. The initial weight, final weight, total weight gain, total fat extracted and total feed consumed was not different significant (p>0,05). Conclusion. The feeding of MSG for 31 days, did not have significant effects on weight gain. A longer time is needed for evaluation of MSG effect on weight gain

Factorial and discriminant analysis on non-carcass components of Berganês lambs from different sexual classes and crossbreeding

The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-carcass components (NCC) of Berganês ecotype lambs of different sexual classes and genotypes using univariate and multivariate statistics, carrying out two experimental trials. In order to evaluate the effects of the sexual class, non-castrated males (BNC), castrated males (BC) and females (BF) of Berganês ecotype lambs were used, with mean initial body weight of 27 ± 3.1 kg. To evaluate crossbreeding, non-castrated male lambs of the genotypes Berganês (BG), Berganês × Santa Inês (BSI) and Berganês × Dorper (BD) were used, as well as the control Dorper × Santa Inês (DSI), all with mean initial body weight of 28 ± 3.8 kg. The weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BNC. Regarding the genotype, BSI showed higher weight and yield of internal fat, but the weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BG and BD. In factorial analysis (FA), the NCC, more correlated with empty body weight (EBW) and total weight gain (TWG), showed higher eigenvectors for factor 1. For factor 2, the weights and yields of internal fat and total viscera obtained higher eigenvectors. The discriminant analysis (DA) classified 100% of individuals in their respective sexes and genotypes. Therefore, the FA indicated that, among the NCC evaluated, the weights of liver, kidneys, GIT, skin and feets are determinant for obtaining EBW and TWG. The classification achieved by the DA indicates that the sexual classes and genotypes are heterogeneous.

LICURI BAGASSE (SYAGRUS CORONATA) IN RATIONS FOR BROILERS

The evaluation of the use of licuri bran for broilers in the initial (1-21 days), growth (22-35 days) and finishing (36-42 days) phases. Three hundred birds with a day age were submitted to four treatments with diets based on corn and soybean containing levels of inclusion of the licuri bagasse (4, 8, 12 and 16%) and a reference diet without the inclusion of the bagasse. Daily weight gain (DWG), total weight gain (TWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion (FC) were evaluated. A completely randomized design was used. Five treatments and six replicates, with a density of 10 birds / m2 per experimental unit. Regression analysis was performed. The inclusion of increasing licuri bagasse levels interfered positively in the of birds’ performance, providing better rates for the levels with 8; 12 and 16% inclusion of the bran, within the studied variables.

A Comparison of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Damages Induced by 254 Nm and 365 Nm Radiation: Allium Cepa L. Model

Living organisms are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays of solar radiation, both due to the thinning of the ozone layer and the widespread uses in sterilization processes. The present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the damages of UV-A and UV-C radiations in Allium cepa L. roots. Three groups were formed from Allium bulbs, one of which was the control group. One of the other groups was exposed to 254 nm (UV-C) and the other to 365 nm (UV-A) UV. Growth retardation effect of UV was investigated with respect to germination percentage, total weight gain and root elongation, while genotoxicity arisen from UV exposure analyzed using mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) including micronucleus (MN) frequency. Oxidative stress due to UV application was investigated based on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. Also, meristematic integrity of the UV treated roots was controlled. UV treatments caused significant changes in all parameters compared to the control, but all effects were much more prominent in 254 nm UV-exposed group. This study clearly revealed that UV exposure triggered growth inhibition, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and meristematic cell damages in A. cepa roots depending on the wavelength.

EFFECT OF DIETARY METHIONINE ON GROWTH AND UTILIZATION OF CLARIAS GARIEPENIUS FINGERLINGS

The growth response and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed with diet containing different level of dietary synthetic methionine was investigated to determine the effect of diet on their growth rate and its utilization by fish. (108) fingerlings of Calrias gariepinus (2.1+0.5g) obtained from a private fish farm in Benin City were stocked in eighteen (18) 25L plastic tank. 6 diet (40%) crude protein consisting of a control (0% methionine supplementation) and five DIT other diet (3.2%, 4.23%, 7.30%, 8.70% and 9.79% synthetic methionine supplementation) were compounded and fed to the fish till satiation. Each diet was fed to the fish twice daily (9.00hrs and 17.00hrs). Data on the weight gain and feed consumed were taken on weekly basis. There was no significant difference in term of relative weight gain (RWG), specific growth rate (SGR), total weight gain (TWG) and weekly weight gain (WWG). The control with (0% methionine) showed a higher weight gain with diet 5 (8.76% methionine) having a lower weight gain. However, the feed intake (FI) was significantly different (P<0.005) with the control midway the highest feed intake but diet 2 (4.25%) with a step downward showed lowest feed intake. The protein efficiency ratio (per) value were significantly different with diet 1 having the highest value which was different from all other which with diet 4 having a lowest per. In terms of survival there was significant difference (P<0.05) with diet 3(0% methionine). Supplementation has the highest and a reduced survival at diet 2 synthetic methionine. In this study synthetic methionine had not been sufficiently utilized by Clarias gariepinus fingerling since the control did perform better than those supplemented with various level of methionine.

Red Sokoto goats performed well with high nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention when fed with two varieties of cowpea haulm

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding two varieties of cowpea haulm on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in Red Sokoto bucks. The experiment consisted of 15 Red Sokoto bucks of average weight of 10kg, which were balanced for weight and randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with five bucks per treatment in a complete randomize design. The three treatment diets consisted of Brachairia decumbens hay as basal diet and concentrate diets which were supplemented with cowpea haulms at 0% (Control), 10% (SAMPEA14) and 10% (SAMPEA15). The study lasted for 90 days. Total dry matter intake (TDMI, g/day), total weight gain (TWG, kg), faecal (unit) and urine (unit) outputs were recorded. Results indicated that the TDMI were different (P<0.05) with higher intake (237.64 g/day) in bucks fed control diet, followed by 223.00 g/day 10% SAMPEA 15 and 10% haulm of Sampea 14 (206.49g/day) in the concentrate. The TWG and average daily weight gain increased by 59.77% and 59.76%, respectively with respect to 10% SAMPEA 14 haulm inclusion compared to the control diet. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were higher (P<0.05) in bucks fed diet constaining 10% SAMPEA 14 inclusion level compared to the treatment diets. The quantity of N retained by the bucks was higher (P<0.05) with the inclusion of 10% of SAMPEA 14 (3.79 g/day) compared to those fed 10% SAMPEA 15 (1.18 g/day) and the control diet (0.68 g/day). It is concluded that farmers should include 10% SAMPEA 14 in concentrate diet of Red Sokoto bucks for optimum performance under smallholder production system. Une étude a été menée pour étudier l'effet de l'alimentation de deux variétés des haulms de niébé sur la performance de croissance, la digestibilité des nutriments et l'équilibre azoté chez les mâles Red Sokoto. L'expérience s'est composée de 15 bucks rouges de Sokoto de poids moyen de 10kg, qui ont été équilibrés pour le poids et aléatoirement assignés à trois traitements diététiques avec cinq dollars par traitement dans une conception randomize complète. Les trois régimes de traitement se sont composés deBrachairiadecumbenshay comme régime basal et régimes concentrés qui ont été complétés avec des haulms de niébé à 0% (contrôle), 10% (SAMPEA 14) et 10% (SAMPEA 15). L'étude a duré 90 jours. La consommation totale de matière sèche (TDMI, g/day), le gain de poids total (TWG, kg), les sorties fécales (unitaires) et urinaires (unitaires) ont été enregistrées. Les résultats ont indiqué que le TDMI était différent (P<0.05) avec une consommation plus élevée (237.64 g/jour) dans le régime de contrôle alimenté par les mâles, suivi de 223.00 g/jour10% SAMPEA 15 et 10% de transport de Sampea 14 (206.49 g/jour) dans le concentré. Le TWG et le gain quotidien moyen de poids ont augmenté de 59.77 % et de 59.76 %, respectivement en ce qui concerne l'inclusion de 10 % de SAMPEA 14 haulms par rapport au régime de contrôle. Les digestibilités de la matière sèche (le 'DM'), des protéines brutes (le 'CP'), des fibres brutes (le 'CF'), de l'extrait d'éther (le 'EE') et de l'extrait sans azote (le 'NFE') étaient plus élevées (P<0,05) chez les mâles nourris à l'alimentation constaining 10% SAMPEA 14 niveau d'inclusion par rapport aux régimes de traitement. La quantité de N retenue par les mâles était plus élevée (P<0.05) avec l'inclusion de 10% de SAMPEA 14 (3.79 g/jour) par rapport à celles nourries 10% SAMPEA 15 (1.18 g/jour) et le régime de contrôle (0,68 g/jour). Il est conclu que les agriculteurs devraient inclure 10% SAMPEA 14 dans le régime concentré de bucksRed Sokoto pour une performance optimale dans le cadre du système de production des petits exploitants.