scholarly journals The Power of Context in Networks: Ideal Point Models with Social Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad T. Irfan ◽  
Tucker Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Ideal

Game theory has been widely used for modeling strategic behaviors in networked multiagent systems. However, the context within which these strategic behaviors take place has received limited attention. We present a model of strategic behavior in networks that incorporates the behavioral context, focusing on the contextual aspects of congressional voting. One salient predictive model in political science is the ideal point model, which assigns each senator and each bill a number on the real line of political spectrum. We extend the classical ideal point model with network-structured interactions among senators. In contrast to the ideal point model's prediction of individual voting behavior, we predict joint voting behaviors in a game-theoretic fashion. The consideration of context allows our model to outperform previous models that solely focus on the networked interactions with no contextual parameters. We focus on two fundamental questions: learning the model using real-world data and computing stable outcomes of the model with a view to predicting joint voting behaviors and identifying most influential senators. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model through experiments using data from the 114th U.S. Congress.

Monetary Policy Committees and Voting Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-58
Author(s):  
Sylvester Eijffinger ◽  
Ronald Mahieu ◽  
Louis Raes
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Monetary Policy Committees ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Ideal Point Estimation

In this chapter we suggest to use Bayesian ideal point estimation to analyze voting in monetary policy committees. Using data from the Riksbank we demonstrate what this entails and we compare ideal point estimates with the results from traditional approaches. We end by suggesting possible extensions.

Ideal Point Estimation in Political Hierarchies: A Framework and an Application to the US Executive Branch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Acs
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Hierarchy ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Ideal Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This article develops a procedure for estimating the ideal points of actors in a political hierarchy, such as a public bureaucracy. The procedure is based on a spatial auditing model and is motivated by the idea that while agents within a political hierarchy are typically segregated in different policy fiefdoms, they are bound to a common principal that can scrutinize their policy proposals through selective reviews, or audits. The theoretical model shows how a principal’s decision to audit an agent’s proposal can reveal both actors’ spatial preferences, despite the strategic nature of the interaction. Empirical identification of the ideal points comes from leveraging settings where elections replace principals over time, but not agents. Although the procedure is quite general, I provide an illustration using data on federal regulatory policymaking in the United States and recover ideal point estimates for presidents and agencies across three administrations.

Developing Ideal Intermediate Personality Items for the Ideal Point Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Cao ◽  
Fritz Drasgow ◽  
Seonghee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Point Model ◽  
The Ideal

Understanding Wordscores

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Distributional Assumptions ◽  
The Ideal

Wordscores is a widely used procedure for inferring policy positions, or scores, for new documents on the basis of scores for words derived from documents with known scores. It is computationally straightforward, requires no distributional assumptions, but has unresolved practical and theoretical problems. In applications, estimated document scores are on the wrong scale and the theoretical development does not specify a statistical model, so it is unclear what assumptions the method makes about political text and how to tell whether they fit particular text analysis applications. The first part of the paper demonstrates that badly scaled document score estimates reflect deeper problems with the method. The second part shows how to understand Wordscores as an approximation to correspondence analysis which itself approximates a statistical ideal point model for words. Problems with the method are identified with the conditions under which these layers of approximation fail to ensure consistent and unbiased estimation of the parameters of the ideal point model.

scholarly journals THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF THE PEARL JEWELRY CRAFTS PRODUCTS MATARAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muhamad Ilhamuddin ◽  
Santi Nururly ◽  
Rusminah Rusminah ◽  
Hilmiati Hilmiati
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pearl Quality ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
The Ideal

The research aims to determine consumer perception on the quality of pearl jewelry products in Mataram. The population is consumers of pearl jewelry products, and the respondent determination technique is purposive sampling. The number of sample taken is 100 people. To answer the problem posed, the Ideal-Point Model is used. The model measures the gap (difference) between what is perceived and what consumers need. The result shows that the interest of consumers in purchasing pearl jewelry is mainly due to pearl quality, followed by other quality attributes. The quality value gap is quite large in the attributes of conformity to specifications, frame material, aesthetic value, price, and pearl jewelry design. Even though there is a value gap in some quality attributes, overall quality of Sekarbela pearl jewelry products is very good according to consumer perception.Keywords:Perception, Consumer, Quality, Crafts, Pearls

Modeling Self-Determination Theory Motivation Data by Using Unfolding IRT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Freund ◽  
Annette Lohbeck
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unfolding Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Item Location

Abstract. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that the degree of autonomous behavior regulation is a characteristic of distinct motivation types which thus can be ordered on the so-called Autonomy-Control Continuum (ACC). The present study employs an item response theory (IRT) model under the ideal point response/unfolding paradigm in order to model the response process to SDT motivation items in theoretical accordance with the ACC. Using data from two independent student samples (measuring SDT motivation for the academic subjects of Mathematics and German as a native language), it was found that an unfolding model exhibited a relatively better fit compared to a dominance model. The item location parameters under the unfolding paradigm showed clusters of items representing the different regulation types on the ACC to be (almost perfectly) empirically separable, as suggested by SDT. Besides theoretical implications, perspectives for the application of ideal point response/unfolding models in the development of measures for non-cognitive constructs are addressed.

scholarly journals Impacts of Electricity Outages in Urban Households in Developing Countries: A Case of Accra, Ghana

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3676
Author(s):  
Paul Nduhuura ◽  
Matthias Garschagen ◽  
Abdellatif Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Family Setting

Many developing countries in Africa face a “double tragedy” when it comes to electrification. Electricity access rates are low, while those who have access to electricity face frequent outages. There are ongoing efforts aimed at increasing access to electricity on the continent. However, the need to improve the reliability of electricity supply receives limited attention. Unreliable electricity impacts users by limiting electricity utilization and the benefits that should accrue from having an electricity connection. Using data from 496 household survey questionnaires, this study examines the impacts of electricity outages in urban households in Accra, Ghana. The study applies correlation and regression analyses to identify which household characteristics are associated with or predict households reporting outage impacts. Outages were found to impact household safety/security, access to food, and access to social services and were found to cause appliance damage as well. Factors that are significantly correlated with reporting certain outage impacts include respondent’s annual income and employment status, frequency of electricity outages, and household size. Significant predictors of reporting outage impacts are socioeconomic disadvantage, high exposure to outages, and living in a large family setting. The study’s findings underscore the need for interventions to eliminate, or at least minimize, electricity supply interruptions in developing countries if sustainable social and economic development is to be achieved.

Disengaging elections? Political interest, number of elections, and turnout in elections to the European Parliament

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652199845
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Nonnemacher
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
National Study ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
Cross National Study

Since direct elections to the European Parliament began in 1979, variations in voting behavior in European Parliament elections from national elections have raised interesting questions about political behavior. I add to a growing literature that explores turnout in European Parliament elections by focusing on the count of national elections between European Parliament elections. Through a cross-national study of elections, I find that turnout decreases in the European Parliament contest following cycles with numerous national contests. Then, using data from the European Election Study, I argue that this is the result of frequent elections decreasing turnout particularly among already low interest voters who stay home. My findings have implications for how formal rules of multi-level elections shape political behavior more generally and voter fatigue in particular.

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