scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKNIK BUDIDAYA KUBIS TERHADAP DIVERSITAS ARTHROPODA DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN Plutella xylostella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Syarief
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Balung Lor, kecamatan Balung, kabupaten Jember, selama tiga bulan dimulai September sampai dengan Nopember 2013, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik budidaya kubis terhadap diversitas arthropoda dan intensitas serangan P. xylostella L. Indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener (H'), indeks domonansi  Simpson (D) dan indeks kemerataan jenis (E). Untuk membedakan  intensitas serangan P. xylostella L.   menggunakan       uji T pada taraf 5%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sebagai berikut: diversitas arthropoda pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik maupun konvensional menunjukkan jumlah kelas, ordo, famili dan spesies yang sama yaitu dua kelas,  tujuh ordo, empat belas famili dan enam belas spesies. Status dalam jaring makanan meliputi hama terdiri atas sembilan spesies yaitu Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae), P. xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Agrotis ipsilon Hufnage (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Crocidolomia pavonana Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Myzus persicae Sulz. (Homoptera: Aphididae), Spodoptera litura F.( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chrysodeixis chalcites Esp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) dan Phyllotretta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomilidae). Lima spesies predator meliputi: Leptogaster sp (Diptera: Asilidae), Oxyopes javanus (Araneae: Oxyopidae), Lycosa sp. (Araneae: Lycosidae), Mantis religeosa (Araneae: Mantidae) dan Solenopsis geminata F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), satu parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen.  (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) dan satu detrivora Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Jumlah individu hama, predator, parasitoid maupun detrivora pada agroekosistem kubis yang dibudidayakan secara organik menunjukkan lebih besar dibanding konvensional. Indeks diversitas arthropoda pada teknik budidaya organik lebih tinggi dibanding konvensional. Intensitas serangan  P. xylostella F. pada teknik budidaya organik dibanding konvensional menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata.

scholarly journals Effet des extraits aqueux de Calotropis procera sur les principaux ravageurs du chou en culture au Sénégal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600-1610
Author(s):  
Saliou Ngom ◽  
Toffène Diome ◽  
Bocar Diop ◽  
Mbacké Sembene
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hellula Undalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Extraits Aqueux ◽  
Cabbage Pests ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Au Sénégal, le chou est l’un des légumes les plus cultivés et consommés, de par son cycle relativement court (60-90 jours après repiquage) et sa possibilité d’être cultivé toute l’année. Cependant il est attaqué par plusieurs ravageurs tels que Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) et Spodoptera littoralis (B.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). L’objectif de cette étude était de contribuer à la lutte contre ces ravageurs du chou en culture dans la zone des Niayes en utilisant les extraits aqueux à base de feuilles de Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae). L’étude a été menée sur 28 parcelles élémentaires dans la zone des Niayes (durant la période du 3 janvier au 22 mars 2019). Les formulations d’extrait de feuilles de C. procera utilisant comme solvant l’eau de robinet et l’eau de puits (ER et EP), appliquées à des temps différents le matin (ERM, EPM) et le soir (ERS, EPS) ont montré leurs efficacités sur les larves de P. xylostella et H. undalis. Par contre, les extraits ne sont pas efficaces sur S. littoralis (P-value= 0,672). En plus de leurs effets biocides, les extraits à base de feuilles de C. procera semblent accélérer la croissance des plants de chou. La nature du solvant et la période du traitement n’ont pas montré une différence significative.Mots clés : Biocide, Brassicassée, Niayes, lutte biologique English title: Aqueous extracts effect of Calotropis procera on the principal cabbage pests in culture in Senegal In Senegal, the cabbage is one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables, from its relatively short cycle (60-90 days after road repair) and the possibility of being cultivated all the year. However it is attacked by several pests such as Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (B.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The objective of this study was to contribute on protect against cabbage pests in culture in the zone of Niayes by using the aqueous extracts containing sheets of Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae). The study was undertaken on 28 elementary pieces to in the zone of Niayes (during the period of January 3 at March 22, 2019). The formulations of extract using as solvent the water of tap and the water of well (ER and EP), applied to different times morning (ERM, EPM) and evening (ERS, EPS) showed their effectiveness on larvae of P. xylostella and H. undalis. On the other part S. littoralis was resistant to treatment (P=0,672) confirms it. In addition to their biocides effects, the extracts containing sheets of C procera seem accelerated the cabbage patches growth. The nature of solvent and the treatment period did not show a significant difference.Keywords: Biocide, Brassicasseae, Niayes, biological control

scholarly journals Eficácia do indoxacarb para o controle de pragas em hortaliças

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Martinelli ◽  
Marco Aurélio Montagna ◽  
Nilton César Picinato ◽  
Fábio M.A. Silva ◽  
Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A eficiência do indoxacarb foi avaliada no controle dos lepidópteros-pragas em hortaliças: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponeumatidae), Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em três locais diferentes nas culturas do repolho e tomate. Os inseticidas utilizados foram indoxacarb (no tomate de 2,4 a 6,0 g i.a./100 L e no repolho de 18 a 42 g i.a./ha), esfenvalerate (apenas no tomate de 1,75 g i.a./100 L), metomil (no tomate na dose de 21,5 g i.a./100 L e no repolho a 172 g i.a./ha), deltametrina (apenas no repolho na dose de 6 g i.a./ha) e triflumuron (apenas no tomate na dose de 15 g i.a./100 L). Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em todos os experimentos. Todas as doses avaliadas do produto indoxacarb apresentaram excelente desempenho no controle de P. xylostella e T. ni. Assim, a menor dose avaliada (18 g i.a./ha) pode ser recomendada para o controle dessas pragas. Todos os produtos avaliados alcançaram níveis de eficiência maiores que 80% no controle de H. zea na cultura do tomate. Indoxacarb foi tão eficiente quanto o produto padrão adotado (triflumuron). N. elegantalis foi eficientemente controlada pelos inseticidas avaliados após nove aplicações, sendo que indoxacarb pode ser recomendado na menor dose utilizada (2,4 g i.a./100 L).

scholarly journals Características biológicas de parasitóide de ovos criados em diferentes hospedeiros

Agrarian ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ariana Lisboa Meira ◽  
Gustavo Martins Strum ◽  
Fernando Domingo Zinger ◽  
Leonardo Mardgan ◽  
Dirceu Pratissoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

As espécies de Trichogramma são agentes biológicos que contribuem para o controle de lepidópteros. Objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar qual espécie de Trichogramma apresenta melhor desempenho biológico quando criados em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Desta forma os parâmetros biológicos avaliados no período de ovo a adulto foram duração de ovo a adulto e percentual de emergência e no estágio adulto avaliou-se número de ovos parasitados, número de indivíduos por ovo e razão sexual em Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Planter (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Planter (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).  Para o período de ovo a adulto, A. kuehniella, H. zea e P. xylostella não apresentaram diferença quando criados com as mesmas espécies de Trichogramma para a duração do ciclo de desenvolvimento e não houve diferença para o percentual de emergência entre os três hospedeiros em estudo. Em relação aos parâmetros avaliados no estágio adulto, para número de ovos parasitados, somente A. kuehniella, diferenciou entre as espécies de Trichogramma. O número de indivíduos por ovo, os maiores valores foram observados quando as espécies de Trichogramma foram criadas com ovos de H. zea. A razão sexual, T. atopovirilia diferiu apenas para A. kuehniella. As duas espécies de Trichogramma estão aptas a se desenvolverem nos hospedeiros A. kuehniella e P. xylostella. Contudo para o hospedeiro H. zea, T. exiguum foi à espécie que obteve melhor desempenho, parasitando maior número de ovos e obtendo maior número de indivíduos por ovo.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S.A. Rehner and Humber isolates against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and their extracellular enzymatic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmehar Kaur Grewal ◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Yadhu Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious agricultural pest that infests many commercially important crops of Southeast Asian countries. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has led to various health hazards as well as insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide an important alternative as biological control agents. Metarhizium rileyi is an EPF with a specific host range for lepidopteran pests. The present study aimed to identify virulent M. rileyi isolate against S. litura larvae and analyse their extracellular cuticle-degrading enzyme activities. Results Three M. rileyi isolates viz M. rileyi NIPHM, M. rileyi MTCC 4254 and M. rileyi MTCC 10395 formulations were evaluated at different concentrations against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. A maximum percent mortality of 63.33% was recorded in M. rileyi NIPHM (12 g/l), followed by M. rileyi MTCC 4254 (58.33%) at the same concentration, 10 days post-treatment. Maximum means of chitinase, protease and lipase activities (0.44, 1.58 and 2.95 U/ml, respectively) were recorded in the case of M. rileyi NIPHM. Correlation analysis was positive between enzyme activity and larval mortality. Conclusions Metarhizium rileyi NIPHM recorded the highest enzymatic activity and exhibited the maximum mortality rate against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura, suggesting the possible role of these enzymes in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Further knowledge in this regard may help in the development of enzyme-based screening methods for selecting virulent fungal isolates for the eco-friendly management of crop pests.

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