scholarly journals Assessment of Salt Water Upconing to above Groundwater Abstraction Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Vu Dinh Hung ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Cong
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Sand Dune ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Screen Length ◽  
Effective Role

       Abstract: A methodology for identifying salt water upconing to groundwater abstraction wells has been based on Dagan and Bear method for an abstraction point. The results of the analysis for different design cases of well field and screen length and positions for coastal sand dune aquifer in Thach Ha district, Ha Tinh province has showed that the height of salt water upconing is inversely proportional to the distance from the well screen bottom to the salt and fresh water interface. At the same time, for abstraction wells with the same depth, the height of salt water upconing as well as the time of salt water upconing to the abstraction wells are inversely proportional to the length of the well screen (i.e. the longer the well screen the less salt water upconing). The use of several abstraction wells to reduce the abstraction rate of each well (the total abstraction rate remains unchanged) has the effect of significantly reducing the salt water upconing process. The proposed methodology for salt water upconing assessment has been shown an effective role in supporting the design of groundwater abstraction facilities that are at risk of salinization from the lower part or lower aquifers for sustainable groundwater exploitation on the viewpoint of ensuring the quality of abstracted water and of protecting groundwater resources by limiting (even preventing) salt water intrusion.

scholarly journals Application of GIS-Base GALDIT for vulnerability assessment to saltwater intrusion of Holocene coastal aquifer: a case of Quang Nam - Da Nang city, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Nam Long ◽  
Huynh Tien Dat
Keyword(s):  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Galdit Method ◽  
The Impact

Groundwater is an essential resource which is influenced by salt water due to the groundwater exploitation in Holocene aquifer of Quang Nam - Da Nang. Hence, the measures for preventing saltwater intrusion and better groundwater management are required. In this study, GALDIT method was utilized to identify the salt water intrusion (SWI) vulnerability zones using monitoring data in Holocene aquifer of Quang Nam - Da Nang. The results of GALDIT method indicated that Da Nang and Hoi An cities were in the high SWI vulnerability zones. The moderate SWI zones were dominant and low vulnerability zones were at the southern part of the study area. The analysis of the monitoring data showed the occurrence of SWI far inland, up to the distance of 12.5 km from the sea shore and suggested the impact of human activities on SWI. The analysis of monitoring data together with GALDIT index indicated that the important of the groundwater abstraction depth or the occurrence of fresh-salt groundwater interface should be considered to improve the result of GALDIT method for the prevention of SWI. In short, the GALDIT used in this study is an important approach for the prevention of SWI in the study area.

scholarly journals The Feasibility Study for Development of Groundwater Resources by Subsurface Dam for Prevention of Salt Water Intrusion

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Kenji JINNO ◽  
Ying RU ◽  
Kei NAKAGAWA ◽  
Tosao HOSOKAWA ◽  
Kaname TAJIRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Subsurface Dam

scholarly journals Groundwater Governance in Pakistan: From Colossal Development to Neglected Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The World

Groundwater is playing an essential role in expanding irrigated agriculture in many parts of the world. Pakistan is the third-largest user of groundwater for irrigation in the world. The surface water supplies are sufficient to irrigate 27% of the area, whereas the remaining 73% is directly or indirectly irrigated using groundwater. The Punjab province uses more than 90% of the total groundwater abstraction. Currently, 1.2 million private tubewells are working in the country, out of which 85% are in Punjab, 6.4% are in Sindh, 3.8% are in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and 4.8% are in Baluchistan. The total groundwater extraction in Pakistan is about 60 billion m3. The access to groundwater has helped farmers in securing food for the increasing population. However, unchecked groundwater exploitation has created severe environmental problems. These include rapidly falling groundwater levels in the irrigated areas and increased soil salinization problems. The groundwater levels in more than 50% of the irrigated areas of Punjab have dropped below 6 m, resulting in increased pumping cost and degraded groundwater quality. Despite hectic efforts, about 21% of the irrigated area is affected by different levels of salinity. The country has introduced numerous laws and regulations for the sustainable use and management of groundwater resources, but the success has so far been limited. Besides less respect for the law, unavailability of needed data and information, lack of political will and institutional arrangements are the primary reasons for poor groundwater management. Pakistan needs to revisit its strategies to make them adaptable to local conditions. An integrated water resource management approach that brings together relevant government departments, political leadership, knowledge institutions, and other stakeholders could be an attractive option.

scholarly journals Study on groundwater abstraction by horizontal drains for minimization of saltwater upconing from below

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Cong ◽  
Quach Quang Hai ◽  
Tran Van Quang
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Vertical Well ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Horizontal Drains ◽  
The Impact

In many places in Vietnam central region, the fresh coastal sand dune aquifers have an interface with salty water below, so upon groundwater (GW) abstraction, there is a risk of salty water upconing to the abstraction facilities. With the same abstraction rate, the horizontal drains shall significantly reduce the groundwater level (GWL) drawdown, which significantly reduces the development of saltwater upconing. The results analysis for the design of groundwater abstraction facilities in Thach Tri commune, Thach Ha district, Ha Tinh province have shown the effectiveness of the solution. For infinite distributed aquifers, the GWL drawdown in the facility area with the abstraction rate of 100m3/day by eight 4m- and 8m-long horizontal drains is from 11.7% to 16.8% lower in comparison to a vertical well, respectively, (GWL drawdown in vertical well is 0.733m, GWL drawdown in center of 4m-long horizontal drains is 0.646m and in 8m-long horizontal drains is 0.603m). For 1km x 1km aquifer bounded by no-flow boundaries, GWL drawdown in the vertical well and in the center of eight 4m-and 8m-long horizontal drains are 2.313m, 1.293m and 1.255m, respectively. This is corresponding to GWL drawdown decrease of 44.1% and 45.7% in comparison to the vertical well. The significantly reduced GWL drawdown in abstraction facilities of horizontal drains will significantly reduce the level of salty water upconing and therefore increase the time of abstraction of fresh water.ReferencesCPEO, 2010. Updated 2010 tech tree list of summary cleanup technology descriptions: Horizontal Wells. http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/horzwel.htmDagan, G. and Bear, J., 1968. Solving the problem of local interface upconing in a coastal aquifer by the method of small perturbations. J. Hydr. Res., 6, 15-44.Diersch,H.-J. Prochnow D. and Thiele M., 1984. Finite-element analysis of dispersion-affected saltwater upconing below a pumping well. Appl. Math. Modelling, 8, 305-312.Falkovich G., 2011. Fluid Mechanics. Cambridge University Press, 167p.Fletcher G. Driscoll, 1987. Groundwater and Wells. Published by Johnson Division, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, USA, 1089p.Kushtanova G.G., 2015. Well test analysis. Kazan University, 31p.       https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/38/2/8603.Marta Faneca Sanchez, Khairul Bashar, Gijs Janssen, Gualbert Dude Essink, Marjolein Vogels, Jan Snel, Yangxiao Zhou and Roelof Stuurman, 2015. SWIBANGLA: Managing salt water intrusion impacts in coastal groundwater systems of Bangladesh. Deltares, The Netherlands UNESCO-IHE, The Netherlands Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, 153p.       https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/39/1/9231.Nguyen Ngoc Quynh, 2012. Determination of required geometric sizes of sand dunes for their stability in the Central Plains from Quang Ngai province to Binh Thuan province. Journal of Water Resources Science and Technology, 9, 2-6.Nguyen Tien Hai, Tran Nghi, Nguyen Van Bach, 2004. Formation characteristics and evolution of coastal strips of sands in Quang Binh. Journal of Geology, ISSN 0866-7381. Series A, 281, 30-40.Nguyen Van Dan, Vo Cong Nghiep, Dang Huu On, 1996. Groundwater of the North Trung Bo coastal plains. Geological Survey of Vietnam, 86p.Nguyen Xuan Truong, Nguyen The Tiep, 1998. Sea terrace in Vietnam with corresponding geological formations. Journal of Science 1. Hanoi University, 69-76.Phan Van Truong, 2015. Hydrogeochemistry characteristics and salinity of groundwater in Quaternary sediments in the coastal zone of Ha Tinh province.  J. Sci. of the Earth, 37(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/37/1/6557.Pieter S. Pauw  Sjoerd E.A.T.M. van der Zee  Anton Leijnse  Gualbert H.P. Oude Essink, 2015. Saltwater Upconing Due to Cyclic Pumping by Horizontal Wells in Freshwater Lenses. J. Ground Water, 54(4), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12382.Soylu M. E., Istanbulluoglu E., Lenters J. D. and T. Wang, 2011. Quantifying the impact of groundwater depth on evapotranspiration in a semi-arid grassland region. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 787-806,. www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/787/2011/doi:10.5194/hess-15-787-2011.Truong Minh Duc, 2015. Climate change and environment in the Central coastal plain. Journal Vietnam Social Sciences, 89, 34-45.

scholarly journals Groundwater governance in Asia: present state and barriers to implementation of good governance

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Abstract. The present state of groundwater governance in Asia was reviewed. The main problem regarding groundwater resources in each Asian country is overexploitation, causing water level decline, land subsidence and salt water intrusion. For those groundwater hazards, many countries have established regulations such as laws and regulations as countermeasures. However, those laws and regulations are not the basic laws on groundwater resources, but only for countermeasures to prevent groundwater hazards. Common problems and barriers for implementing groundwater governance in Asian countries are that there is more than one institute with different and sometimes overlapping responsibilities in groundwater management. To overcome those conflicts among institutions and establishment of good governance, it is necessary to establish an agency in the government as one coordinate function reinforcing the direct coordination and facilitation of groundwater policy-making and management. As one such framework, the conceptual law called the Water Cycle Basic Law, which is under planning in Japan, is examined in this paper.

scholarly journals Freshening of salinized groundwater in Gdańsk Quaternary aquifer

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00025
Author(s):  
Maria Przewłócka ◽  
Beata Jaworska-Szulc ◽  
Bohdan Kozerski ◽  
Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres ◽  
Adam Szymkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
Quaternary Aquifer ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk

The main Quaternary aquifer in the Gdańsk region connects directly with salt waters of the Martwa Wisła River and the Gulf of Gdańsk. This aquifer has been used for many years by large municipal and industrial intakes located on the marine lowlands, with maximum output 6236 m3/h in 1985. Owing to an intensive exploitation, groundwater in the area of the Old Gdańsk has been salinized by intrusion of salt water from the Martwa Wisła River. Concentration of chlorides in some wells reached 2000-3000 mgCl/dm3, leading to degradation of groundwater resources in this area. As a consequence the “Grodza Kamienna” groundwater intake had to be put out of operation. Salt water intrusion from the Gulf of Gdańsk was provoked in 1970s and 1980s by overexploitation of groundwater resources by three municipal intakes situated on the marine terrace. Concentration of chlorides in some piezometers of the “Czarny Dwór” groundwater intake amounted to 700 – 1000 mgCl/dm3, however in the pumping wells of the intake it never exceeded the drinking water standards. In 1990s groundwater pumping rates in both areas were lowered. As a result, the chloride concentration decreased and the resources started to recover. Current observations prove that groundwater of the main Quaternary aquifer is freshening and salt water intrusion has stopped. However, elevated concentrations of chlorides are observed in the shallow aquifer, due to anthropopressure.

scholarly journals Distribution of saline and freshwater in groundwater in Thai Binh province and solution for reasonable exploitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Thuy Tran ◽  
Van Lam Nguyen ◽  
Huu On Dang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifers ◽  
The Impact

Thai Binh is a coastal province of Red River Delta in Vietnam, having administrative boundaries at the river systems and coastlines that cause groundwater quality varies complicatedly. Today in Thai Binh province, the groundwater in Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers is exploited for domestic use. But, beside the quality of groundwater in this region is not uniform, it is interspersed between salt water and fresh water zones in Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers. Nowaday, under the force of groundwater exploitation activity for domestic purposes, agricultural activities, the impact of climate change and sea level rise issues, the quality of distribution of groundwater here change. According to the recent research results, groundwater quality and distribution of salt water - fresh water there have many changes compared with the research results of the Northern Division for Water resources Planning and Investigation in the year 1996. For the the Holocene aquifer (qh), distribution area of salt water zone has been narrowed. Besides, saline cleaning process occurred in some coastal areas in Tien Hai, Thai Thuy and a part of Quynh Phu district. For the Pleistocene aquifer (qp), compared with research result in 1996, the boundaries between saline and fresh water at the present time is not change so much. By assessing the status of the distribution of saline and fresh water zones in groundwater in Thai Binh and the movement of this boundary, author’s research results will be the basis that helps the managers give out reasonable exploiting and sustainable using methods for these natural resources. Thái Bình là một tỉnh ven biển thuộc vùng châu thổ sông Hồng của Việt Nam, được bao bọc bởi hệ thống sông biển khép kín làm cho chất lượng nước ngầm biến đổi rất phức tạp. Hiện nay, tại Thái Bình có 2 tầng chứa nước chính phục vụ ăn uống sinh hoạt là tầng chứa nước Holocen và tầng chứa nước Pleistocen. Tuy nhiên, chất lượng nước ngầm ở các tầng chứa nước này không đồng đều, có sự phân bố xen kẽ giữa các khoảnh nước mặn và nước nhạt. Hiện nay, dưới tác động của hoạt động dân sinh, sản xuất nông nghiệp, khai thác nước phục vụ sinh hoạt cùng ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu và sự dâng cao của mực nước biển đã làm thay đổi chất lượng và quy mô phân bố nước ngầm khu vực. Theo những kết quả nghiên cứu mới nhất của tác giả cho thấy diện tích phân bố của các vùng nước mặn - nước nhạt của các tầng chứa nước trên địa bàn tỉnh đã có nhiều thay đổi so với kết quả nghiên cứu trước đây của Liên đoàn Địa chất thủy văn – Địa chất công trình miền Bắc năm 1996. Với tầng chứa nước Holocen, diện tích phân bố các khoảnh nước mặn bị co hẹp và đang có sự nhạt hóa tại một số khu vực ven biển thuộc Huyện Tiền Hải, Thái Thụy và một phần thuộc huyện Quỳnh Phụ. Trong tầng chứa nước Pleistocen (qp), so với kết quả nghiên cứu năm 1996, ranh giới mặn – nhạt tại thời điểm hiện tại đã có sự thay đổi nhưng không lớn. Kết quả nghiên cứu này là cơ sở giúp các nhà quản lý đề xuất giải pháp, phân vùng khai thác và sử dụng hợp lý nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên này đặc biệt trước tình trạng khan hiếm nước như hiện nay trên địa bàn tỉnh Thái Bình.

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