Correlation Between Levels of Interleukin-6 in Peritoneal Fluid With Degree of Pain, Adhesion, and Endometriosis Fertility Index Score in Endometriosis

Introduction : Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Several theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of endometriosis, one of which is the theory of inflammation. Endometriosis lesions can produce inflammatory cytokines, resulting in their increased levels in the peritoneal fluid. This process causes disruption in pelvic anatomy, ovarian function, prostaglandin production and growth factor production that causes pain, adhesions and infertility. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important and potential inflammatory cytokine in assisting the diagnosis of endometriosis. These cytokines act as activating macrophages that can stimulate endometrial cell proliferation and modulate the secretion of other cytokines such as IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α which augments the inflammatory process. High levels of IL-6 in the peritoneum are relatedto advanced endometriosis associated with pain, severe pelvic adhesions and embryotoxic effects leading to infertility. The effect of IL-6, both local and systemic, on the growth of endometriosis lesions and its associated symptoms is great that this cytokine is considered an important marker.Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between local inflammatory factors (IL-6 in peritoneal fluid) obtained during laparoscopy with the degree of pain, the degree of adhesions and the correlation with the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) score in endometriosis patients.Material and methods : This is a quantitative analytic research with a cross sectional study design which was conducted on 22 patients with endometriosis. Prior to the laparoscopy, historical factor (EFI score) was recorded and an assessment of the pain scale was performed by filling out a questionnaire. Intraoperatively, the peritoneal fluid was obtained. If the peritoneal fluid was found, it was taken directly with a volume of 3-5 cc using 10 cc syringe. If no fluid was found, peritoneal rinsing was performed using 0.9% NaCl fluid, then 3-5 cc fluid was aspirated using a 10 cc syringe. Subsequently, an examination was carried out using the RayBio Human IL-6 ELISA Kit. During the laparoscopy procedure, the degree of adhesion of the pelvic organs was assessed by looking at the shape and how the adhesions can be separated. Surgical factor (EFI score) was assessed intraoperatively to obtain data for the least function score, AFS endometriosis score and AFS total score. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test and correlation test.Results : The mean age of the respondents was 34.86 ± 6.11 years, 81.8% were nulliparous, 100% were married, 100% experienced both primary and secondary infertility and 81.8% had no prior pregnancy history. In the study, it was found that IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid were higher in patients with the degree of severe pain (P <0.05) compared to moderate with the results of 32.58 ± 7.31 pg/ml and 25.39 ± 2.70 pg/ml. IL-6 levels were found to be higher in grade three adhesions than grade two (P <0.05) with results of 32.78 ± 6.65 pg/ml and 23.86 ± 2.18 pg/ml. The mean peritoneal fluid IL-6 levels were 30.75 ± 7.01 pg/ml and the mean EFI score was 4.09 ± 2.09. The correlation of IL-6 levels in peritoneal fluid with EFI score showed a value of r = -0.448 which had moderate strength and a negative pattern, indicating that the higher the IL-6 level of peritoneal fluid, the lower the EFI score (P <0.05).Conclusion : There is a relationship between IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid in endometriosis with the degree of pain and the degree of adhesion, where IL-6 levels were found to be higher in the degree of severe than moderate pain (P <0.05), higher in third degree adhesions than second degree ( P <0.05). There was a correlation between IL-6 levels of peritoneal fluid with EFI score (P <0.05) with a negative pattern of moderate strength analysis results (r = -0.448).Keywords: Endometriosis, Interleukin-6, Degree of Pain, Degree of Adhesion, Endometriosis Fertility Index Score

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Circulating and peritoneal fluid interleukin-6 levels and gene expression in pelvic endometriosis

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine ◽

10.3892/etm.2017.4794 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 2317-2322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vânia Teixeira De Andrade ◽

Andréa Prestes Nácul ◽

Betânia Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽

Sheila Bünecker Lecke ◽

Poli Mara Spritzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Peritoneal Fluid ◽

Pelvic Endometriosis

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Correlation of serum interleukin-6 level and pneumonia severity index score in patient with community-acquired pneumonia

Journal Of Advanced Pharmacy Education And Research ◽

10.51847/9vb1tfdxhu ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Resti Yudhawati ◽

Evi Yuniawati

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Pneumonia Severity Index ◽

Severity Index ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Index Score ◽

Pneumonia Severity ◽

Pneumonia Severity Index Score ◽

Severity Index Score

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Role of Chemical Biomarkers in Prediction of Intra-Amniotic Infection in Cases with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane, Observational Study

Journal of Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.33140/jgrm.03.02.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Mean Value ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

P Value ◽

Subclinical Infection ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Cutoff Value ◽

The Mean ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Early recognition of subclinical intra-amniotic infection before development of clinical Chorioamnionitis dramatically improve neonatal outcome before affection of fetal neurological function. Objective: this study was conducted to evaluate the role of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in early prediction of intrauterine infection in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This observational prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM), Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I: with normal CRP and WBCs level. Group2: with subclinical infection which was detected by elevated WBCs count >15,000 c/mm3 and / or positive CRP. This group was divided into two groups (Group (II) and Group (III) according to development of Chorioamnionitis. follow up of these patients was done to detect the cutoff value of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 as a predictive indicator of clinical intra-amniotic infection in patients with premature rupture of membrane. Results: This study showed that the mean value of maternal serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with clinical infection than its concentration in patients without infection or with subclinical infection with P-value 0.0001 which is highly significant between the studied cases and with cutoff value was >0.67ng/ml, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV was 88.7%, 42.9%, 79.7% and 60% respectively and the mean value of maternal serum IL-6 concentration was also higher in patients with clinical infection than its concentration in patients without infection or with subclinical infection with P-value 0.001which is highly significant between the studied cases and with cutoff value was >11.1pg/ ml, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV was 67.9%, 61.9%, 81.8% and 43.3% respectively. Conclusion: maternal serum procalcitonin is a good predictor of clinical intra-amniotic infection with good sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV which is nearly good as CRP which is better than serum interleukin-6 regarding sensitivity

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Interleukin-6 and insulin resistance in obese adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi53.5.2013.268-72 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

Raynald Takumansang ◽

Sarah M. Warouw ◽

Hesti Lestari

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Mean

Background Obesity has become a rapidly growing epidemic worldwide, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality in adolescents. Obesity is due to an expansion of adipose tissue mass, which is an important source of cytokines and contributes to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Interleukin-6 is significantly increased in obesity and may lead to a state of insulin resistance.Objective To assess for a correlation between IL-6 levels and insulin resistance in obese adolescentsMethods We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to April 2012 in Manado, North Sulawesi. Subjects were either obese or normal body mass index (BMI) teens aged 13-18 years. Data collected were anthropometric status, BMI, and blood specimens for fasting plasma glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, and IL-6 levels. Insulin resistance was expressed as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level >2.77. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and linear regression tests to assess for a possible correlation between IL-6 levels and insulin resistance.Results The mean BMI in the obese group was 31.21 (SD 3.61) kg/m2 while the mean BMI in the normal group was 19.52 (SD 2.38) kg/m2. There was no significant association between IL-6 and the occurrence of insulin resistance (P=0.309). The log regression coefficient value of IL-6 was negative (b = -0.329).Conclusion There is no correlation between IL-6 levels and incidence of insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

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The reliability and relative validity of a diet index score for 4–11-year-old children derived from a parent-reported short food survey

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013001778 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1486-1497 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Gilly A Hendrie ◽

Elizabeth Viner Smith ◽

Rebecca K Golley

Keyword(s):

Index Score ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Consistent Estimate ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Relative Validity ◽

Dairy Foods ◽

Dietary Guideline ◽

Total Diet ◽

The Mean ◽

Level Of Agreement

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and relative validity of a diet index score derived from a Short Food Survey (SFS).DesignThe thirty-eight-item SFS was designed to assess recent dietary intake of 4–11-year-olds to enable calculation of the Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents. Reliability was assessed based on two online administrations of the SFS, one week apart. Relative validity was assessed by comparing intakes derived from the SFS with those from the mean of three 24 h recalls. Intra-class correlations, Bland–Altman plots and estimated biases were assessed. Cohen's κ coefficients were used to determine the level of agreement between the two methods.SettingAdelaide, Australia.SubjectsSixty-three parents reported on their children's intake (mean age 7·1 (sd 2·1) years).ResultsThe intra-class correlation for reliability ranged from 0·43 for dairy foods to 0·94 for beverages, and was 0·92 for total diet index score (all P < 0·01). The intra-class correlation for validity ranged from 0·04 for meat and alternatives to 0·41–0·44 for fruit, beverages and extra foods, and was 0·44 for the total diet index score. The SFS overestimated the mean diet index score by 16 %, and the bias was consistent across levels of compliance. The percentage agreement into tertiles of index scores was 84% between the administrations of the two SFS, but only 43 % when comparing the SFS with the mean of the recalls.ConclusionsThe SFS can provide a consistent estimate of overall compliance to dietary guidelines for children aged 4–11 years, but overestimated the total diet index score by 16 % across all levels of compliance.

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Concomitant measurements of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/0028-2243(94)90152-x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

W. Schröder ◽

C. Ruppert ◽

H.G. Bender

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Peritoneal Fluid ◽

Ovarian Tumors

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Orthodontic Treatment in the General Dental Service Assessed by the Occlusal Index

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.10.4.178 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 178-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

R. J. Elderton ◽

J. D. Clark

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Measurement Errors ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Service ◽

Index Score ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

As with all other aspects of health care, orthodontic treatment should be evaluated in as objective a manner as possible. In this study, the models of a sample of 256 patients treated by appliance therapy in the General Dental Service were examined. The Occlusal Index was first refined and variability in its use due to articulation and measurement errors was assessed. It was then used to quantify occlusal status both before and after treatment, and thereby monitor changes brought about by treatment. The mean Occlusal Index score at the beginning of treatment was 9·9. At the end of treatment, the mean score had dropped to 5·5. There was wide variation among individual cases, but some reduction was found in 88 per cent of instances. In 56 per cent of cases the reduction ranged up to 6 units, while in 29 per cent of cases the reduction was 6–12 units. However, in cases which started with a marked malocclusion, only about one-third showed a sizeable improvement. In about one-third of all cases there was little improvement in the malocclusion. While there is room for further refinement of the Occlusal Index to increase its usefulness in quantifying occlusal status brought about during orthodontic treatment, the present findings provide a basis for future comparisons.

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