scholarly journals Regeneration potential of different explants during micropropagation of neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Bhavadharani Dhandapani ◽  
Gnanam Ramasamy ◽  
Senthil Natesan ◽  
Kumaran Kalayanasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Half Strength

Azadirachta indica A. Juss., (Neem), a prodigious multipurpose tree, has immense potential to benefit mankind and to protect the environment. In order to investigate the effects of three different explants for its regeneration potential, de embryonated cotyledon, immature zygotic embryo and nodal segments from a 30 year old neem plus tree were used. Half strength MS medium with benzyl amino purine (3 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg/L) and casein hydrolysate (1 g/L) was effective in shoot bud sprouting from both nodes and cotyledons. Half strength MS medium fortified with TDZ (0.2 mg/L) was effective for induction of somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos. Shoot buds initiated from the cotyledons produced a maximum number of shoots per explants (4.33) which on further sub culturing induced maximum multiple shoots (15) on half strength MS medium fortified with BAP (1.5 mg/L), NAA (0.5 mg/L) and CH (400 g /L) and the nodal explants induced only 4-5 axillary shoots on further sub culturing. Even though immature zygotic embryos produced more number of somatic embryos per explant (24.97) within a short time (30-45 days), the plantlet conversion was poor (25.52 %). In vitro rooting was observed in half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg/L). The regeneration potential of de embryonated cotyledons through a simple regeneration system may be beneficial for efficient mass propagation of selected plus trees of neem.

scholarly journals Propagation of goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) from leaf and nodal explants

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Ye Kang ◽  
Sheng Qiang ◽  
Gary Peng
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Half Strength

Goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis </em>L.) is an invasive plant species in many countries except North America but a cut-flower species worldwide. There is a need to generate and propagate goldenrod clones efficiently for research and commercial purposes. A callus induction and plantlet regeneration system was developed by studying the influence of explant type and different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The highest callus production from leaf segments was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Adventitious shoots could be regenerated directly from leaf explants without an intermediate callus phase with the highest shoot induction percentage of 87.2%. The largest number of adventitious shoots per leaf explant (3.2) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA was the best medium for axillary shoot regeneration from nodal segments. The highest root number and longest roots occurred on half-strength MS without the addition of any growth regulator. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to a soil-based growth medium, placed in a greenhouse, and acclimatized with 100% success. All surviving plants grew normally without showing any morphological varia&shy;tion when compared to those grow from seed. This regeneration protocol may be used to produce certain biotypes of goldenrod suitable for genetic transformation rapid propagation of goldenrod for commercial purposes or for screening fungi and toxins as potential biocontrol agents against this weed.

scholarly journals Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Manokari ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. TNAU Papaya CO.8)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
C. K. Rajesh ◽  
D. Sudhakar ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

An efficient indirect somatic embryogenesis protocol for Carica papaya var TNAU Papaya CO.8 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as an explant. Two growth regulators namely 2,4-D and picloram each at 1, 2, 3 mg/L were tested for callus induction and the highest callus induction frequency (83.33%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D. However the rate of conversion into somatic embryos was highest (63.33%) on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Maturation of somatic embryos was studied by using MS medium with different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). The maturation of globular embryos was observed to be higher in the combination of ABA (1.5 mg/L), BAP (0.4 mg/L) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). Even though regeneration was observed from cotyledonary stage embryos in presence of different growth regulators like BAP,       α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), phloridzin dehydrate kinetin and gibberellic acid, further growth was not observed due to abnormal regenerative structures. Regeneration of cotyledonary stage somatic embryos were highest (77.4%) in half strength MS medium without growth regulators. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were subsequently transferred for hardening.

scholarly journals In Vitro Flowering of Plantlets Regenerated from Zygotic Embryo-derived Somatic Embryos of Ginseng

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1652-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haeng S. Lee ◽  
Jang R. Liu ◽  
Seung G. Yang ◽  
Young H. Lee ◽  
Kwang-W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryo Induction

Mature zygotic embryos dissected from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin. Somatic embryos were induced directly from cotyledonary tissue and from intervening callus. The frequency of somatic embryo induction was up to 55% of zygotic embryo explants. Upon transfer onto half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg BA/liter and 1 mg GA3/liter, most somatic embryos developed into plantlets. More than 50% of the plantlets flowered after 4 weeks of culture, and some developed immature fruits in vitro. These results indicate that adulthood of ginseng root explants is not a prerequisite for flowering of plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. Chemical names used: (2,4 -dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-furanylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine(kinetin); N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration protocol of Rauvolfia serpentina L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Khan ◽  
TA Banu ◽  
S Akter ◽  
B Goswami ◽  
M Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
Number Of Shoots

An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for Rauvolfia serpentina L. through direct and indirect organogenesis from nodal and leaf explants. Among the different growth regulators, MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5mg/l IAA and 0.02mg/l NAA found best for the multiple shoot formation from nodal segments. In this combination 98% explants produced multiple shoots and the average number of shoots per explants is 13∙4. The frequency of callus induction and multiple shoot induction from leaves was highest 88% in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, where mean number of shoots/explants was 12.5. The highest frequency of root induction (80%) and mean number of roots/plantlets (10) were obtained on half strength of MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening following acclimatization and finally were successfully established in the field.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 133-138, 2018

scholarly journals Regeneration of Plants from Apical Meristem Tips and Nodal Segments of Arachis pintoi

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Rey ◽  
L. A. Mroginski
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
One Step

Abstract The in vitro regeneration potential of shoot apical tips (2 to 3 mm in length), meristems (0.3 to 0.5 mm in length), and nodal segments (4 to 7 mm long with an axillary bud) of diploid (2n = 2x = 20) and triploid (2n = 3x = 30) cytotypes of Arachis pintoi was evaluated. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA). In one experiment the effect of gibberellic acid was tested. The cultures were done in liquid and solid media. Plant regeneration can be readily achieved from all explants in one step of 30 d culture on MS + 0.01 mg/L each of NAA and BA or two steps consisting of 1) shoots regeneration through culture of explants on MS + 0.01 mg/L each of NAA and BA, and 2) induction of rooting in regenerated shoots by reculture on MS + 0.01 mg/L NAA. The plantlets were successfully transferred to pots in a greenhouse.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration Through Nodal Explant Derived Callus in Wood Apple (Aegle marmelos L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjoy Das ◽  
M Faruk Hasan ◽  
Harunar Rashid ◽  
Motiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Nodal Explant ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

This study reports on an improved protocol for callus induction and subsequent regeneration from nodal segment of wood apple (Aegle marmelos L.) Creamish friable competent callus was achieved from nodal segments on MS medium augmented with 4.0 mg1-1 2,4-D within two weeks of inoculation. The callus produced large number of shoots when cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mgl-1 BAP+0.1 mgl-1 NAA within ten days of culture. In vitro raised shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium enriched with 1.0 mgl-1 IBA within fifteen days of culture. The rooted plantlets were successfully established with 80% survival. Key words: Plant regeneration; Callus induction; Nodal explant; Aegle marmelos. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4590 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 415-420, 2009

scholarly journals Establishment and In Vitro Propagation of a Putative Variant of Periwinkle

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
A. S. AI-Wasel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Bud Breaking

Shoot multiplication of a putative variant of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, was achieved in vitro using shoot tips and nodal segments as explants. The addition of growth regulators to establishment medium stimulated bud breaking and shoot elongation. The maximum shoot multiplication (15.1 shoots/microshoot) and the longest shoots (7.0 cm) occurred on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 1.0 mg L-1 of N6-Benzyladenine (BA) and a- Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). All microshoots formed roots and normal root morphology occurred on half strength MS salt supplied with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA or Indole-B-Butyric acid (IBA). Rooted microshoots (95 %) were successfully transferred to soil.

scholarly journals A Rapid, High Frequency Regeneration of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Janarthanam ◽  
B Gayathri ◽  
E Sumath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Half Strength

An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. (Acanthaceae), an important medicinal shrub. Nodal segments grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/l Benzyl adenine (BAP) with 10 % coconut milk showed better growth response and produced 10.5 ± 0.6 shoots per explant with an average length of 4.4 ± 0.3 cm after 35 days. Rooting of shoots was achieved on growth regulator free half strength MS medium produced 5.3 ± 0.25 cm roots with an average height of 4.8 ± 0.2 cm after 30 days. The rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 80 % of plants were successfully established in the field. Key words: Justicia gendarussa; Nodal segments; Regeneration; Coconut milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.4388 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 201-204, 2011

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