scholarly journals Variability in Cooking Time, Iron and Zinc Content in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Irene Mughi ◽  
M. Ochwo-Ssemakula ◽  
R. Edema ◽  
C. Mukankusi
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Zn Content

Prolonged cooking time leads to structural changes at the grain cellular level, resulting in loss of nutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) which are among the main nutrients important in addressing micronutrient malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of cooking time, Fe and Zn content in a total of 152 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes from around Eastern Africa, in order to identify short cooking genotypes with high Fe and Zn content. Field trials were conducted at CIAT-Uganda research station over two seasons in 2016. Cooking time was estimated using an automated Mattson cooker at CIAT-Uganda while Fe and Zn content was determined using XRF analysis at Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB) in Rubona. A wide variability was evident from the test genotypes both for cooking time and mineral concentration. Cooking time exhibited a continuous distribution ranging from 35-100 minutes for the first season and 43–122 minutes for the second season. Seventy-three percent of the test genotypes had Fe levels higher than the low Fe check, CAL 96 (55mg/kg) which is popularly known as ‘Nambale’ and a popular commercial variety in Uganda. A total of 15 genotypes (Amahunja, Awash melka, Bihogo, CAB 2, ECAPAN021, G858, Icaquimbaya, KK20, NABE12C, NABE4, NABE6, ROBA-1, RWR1873, RWV3006) were consistent in short cooking time for the two seasons and had a Fe content above the low Fe check (CAL96 – 55mg/kg). A high correlation (r = 0.71) was observed between Fe and Zn whereas a low correlation between cooking time and Fe (r = -0.04) and Zn (r = 0.04) was observed. Great variability was evident for both traits indicating possible improvement by breeding and thus the possibility of having short cooking common bean genotypes with high Fe and Zn content.

Alert common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Mündel ◽  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
G. Saindon ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. L. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Alert is a high-yielding, semi-erect great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Morden Research Station. Alert is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies, yielding significantly higher than the check cultivar, US1140, at 130% in the official Manitoba Dry Bean Co-operative Registration Trials. Alert is moderately resistant to white mold and resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). It is susceptible to the alpha and alpha Brazil races of anthracnose, but resistant to the delta race. Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, great northern bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals Selection of common bean land cultivars based on agronomic performance, cooking time, and mineral concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narielen Moreira de Morais ◽  
Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro ◽  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Paulo Rogério Franco dos Santos ◽  
Micheli Thaise Della Flora Possobom
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Potential Use

The potential use of common bean land cultivars with respect to their agronomic performance, cooking time and nutritional quality has scarcely been evaluated in breeding programs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 19 common bean land cultivars for their agronomic traits, cooking time, and mineral concentration in grains to identify cultivars for potential use by a higher number of farmers or even breeding programs. Two field experiments were conducted in Alegrete and Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in the 2012/2013 season. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replications. A total of 23 cultivars were evaluated; 19 land cultivars were obtained from smallholder farmers from RS, and there were four control cultivars (Carioca, Pérola, Valente, and Guapo Brilhante). The traits evaluated included the cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, cooking time, and concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, and copper in the grains. The data were subjected to joint variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and the Z index. The common bean cultivars showed differences in the cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, cooking time, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in grains, and the Z index. The cultivars Preto Miúdo and Cavalo Rajado had a high grain yield, i.e., greater than 2,900 kg ha-1. The land cultivars were classified as having early and intermediate cycles, and all had cooking times less than 30 min. Palha Roxa, Carioca Vermelho, and Perdiz had high concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, and copper in the grains, an intermediate cycle, and low grain yield. Positive correlations of moderate magnitude were observed between the calcium and iron (r= 0.597), iron and zinc (r= 0.570), and zinc and copper (r= 0.548) concentrations. Indirect selection for high iron or zinc concentrations in grains will be effective for obtaining common bean cultivars with a higher nutritional quality. A cross between Carioca Santa Maria and Guapo Brilhante cultivar is recommended to obtain segregants with high agronomic performance, fast cooking, and high minerals concentration of in the grains.

Black Violet common bean

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Henning Mündel, Ferdinand A. Kiehn ◽  
Henry C. Huang ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Gilles Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
White Mould ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Black Violet is a high-yielding, large-seeded, purple-podded, upright black dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Research Station, Morden. Black V iolet is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, with high yields equal to the high-yielding check cultivar, AC Harblack, in narrow rows. Black Violet is moderately resistant to white mould, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary; resistant to the Delta race and moderately resistant to race 1216 of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.; and resistant to race 15 of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Key words: Common bean, Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, black bean, cultivar description, high yielding

AC Black Diamond common bean

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Henning Mündel ◽  
Gilles Saindon ◽  
Henry C. Huang ◽  
Ferdinand A. Kiehn
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Black Diamond is a high-yielding, large-seeded, shiny black dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, on contract to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the AAFC Research Station Morden. AC Black Diamond is well adapted to the Canadian prairies, yielding significantly more than the check cultivar, UI 906, at 122% in narrow-rows an d 106% in wide-rows. AC Black Diamond is moderately susceptible to white mold and resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Key words: Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, shiny large-seeded black bean, cultivar description, high yield

scholarly journals Histochemical changes induced by Trichoderma spp. and potassium phosphite in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in response to the attack by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Eliana Peliçon Pereira Figueira ◽  
Odair José Kuhn ◽  
Tatiane Martinazzo-Portz ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Marcos Donizete Peliçon Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Induction Of Resistance ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Induction of resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been considered a promising alternative to control anthracnose. Among the changes generated in the induction of resistance, structural changes have been reported by several authors as an efficient form of resistance to the stress plants undergo. Histochemical analysis techniques have been used to investigate tissue changes triggered by induction of resistance. Thus, this study aims to investigate certain histochemical changes suffered by common bean plants induced with potassium phosphite and Trichoderma spp. in response to the attack by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, aiming to determine the host response pattern in terms of structural changes, associating it to possible disease control. Treatments consisted of isolates T. harzianum (isolate TOD1) and T. virens (isolate TM4), leaf fertilizer potassium phosphite Fertilis®, and distilled water (control). Inducers were applied to common bean alone or associated, consisting of five treatments plus the control treatment. The six treatments were evaluated for the absence and presence of C. lindemuthianum in a factorial scheme (6×2). Treatments allowed evaluating the severity of anthracnose in common bean, location of H2O2, lignin deposition, and hypersensitivity response in common bean hypocotyl by histochemical staining. Potassium phosphite and combinations of T. virens and T. harzianum with potassium phosphite efficiently reduced disease severity under greenhouse conditions, reaching 68, 84, and 71%, respectively. Studies with hypocotyl showed that T. harzianum + potassium phosphite and T. virens + potassium phosphite accelerated the H2O2 accumulation process and lignin deposition at the pathogen penetration site, in addition to the hypersensitivity reaction through the resistance-inducing activity, contributing to the protection of common bean against anthracnose caused by C. lindemuthianum.

scholarly journals Diversity Breeding Program on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Targeting Rapid Cooking and Iron and Zinc Biofortification

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Clare Mukankusi ◽  
Wallace A. Cowling ◽  
Kadambot H.M. Siddique ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Brian Kinghorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
African Women ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Data

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major component of agricultural systems and diets of the urban and rural populations of East and Central Africa, providing Fe and Zn essential to the health and well-being of African women and children, and protein essential for the entire household. However, bean consumption is limited by constraints such as long cooking time (CT). Cooking demands large amounts of water, fuel and time. It has negative effects on the environment, livelihoods, security and health. Genetic variability in cooking time is documented. Recent development of new breeding methods based on pedigree and genomic selection together with optimal contribution selection (OCS) offers an opportunity to accelerate breeding for rapid CT and higher Fe and Zn grain content. Genotypic and phenotypic data of an African diversity pool, representing key bean market classes, were used to generate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for grain yield, CT, Fe and Zn. GEBV’s were weighted to maximise the desired outcome in an economic index. From 161 candidate bean genotypes with GEBVs, 67 were chosen for 80 matings within six major grain market classes. An additional 22 breeder nominated matings were included. The predicted outcomes in the first cycle showed a major improvement in population mean for index (+286.77 US$/ha), 6.2% increase in GY and 7.3% reduction in CT, with an achieved increase in population co-ancestry of 0.0753. A 30% reduction in the mean population CT and improved Fe (15%) and Zn (10%), is expected after 5 cycles of annual recurrent selection.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological Responses of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes to Water Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mebelo Mataa ◽  
◽  
Philip Kalima ◽  
Davies Lungu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly constrained by water deficit especially when this occurs during the reproductive development. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of the morphophysiological traits with water stress and how this affects grain yield in common beans. A field experiment involving eight common bean genotypes and three water regimes (50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration) was conducted at National Irrigation Research Station, Mazabuka district during the 2012 growing season. A Split plot design with four replications was used; with soil moisture regime (main plot) and the genotypes (subplot). Based on variation in water stress tolerances, 8 test genotypes - Gadra, KE 3, KE 4, ZM 4488, SER 76 SER 180, SER 89 and CAR-ZAR were used. Water stress treatments were imposed at pre-flowering stage and was discontinued after 43 days when the crop was in its late reproductive stage. Significant differences were found among genotypes for Chlorophyll a (Chl a), Chlorophyll b (Chl b), Total Chlorophyll, Relative water content, Grain yield, Number pods per, Seed weight, Seeds per pod and Days to 50 % flowering under the three water stress conditions. The grain yield in normally irrigated condition (2191.3 kg ha-1) was 60 % higher than in high water stress condition (866.2 kg ha-1), while in the low water stress condition (1078.3 kg ha-1), the reduction in grain yield was 50.8 %. There were significant genotype by environment showing that the genotypes behaved differently under the different growing conditions. Results suggested that Gadra, KE 4, ZM 4488, and SER 180 were water stress tolerant while the SER 89, CAR-ZAR, KE 3 and SER 76 were water stress sensitive genotypes. These results suggest that a selection method based on 100 SW, Chl a, Chl b, and NPP can be used in breeding for bean genotypes to water stress.

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