scholarly journals Ex situ preservation in medium-term culture of the threathened taxon Dianthus nardiformis Janka

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2416-2422
Author(s):  
IRINA HOLOBIUC ◽  
◽  
RODICA CATANĂ ◽  
FLORENȚA HELEPCIUC ◽  
CARMEN MAXIMILIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Unlimited Time ◽  
In Vitro Response

Our aim was to elaborate an efficient and reproducible protocol for medium-term culture of the threatened taxon Dianthus nardiformis. To reduce the growth, sucrose, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, Abscisic acid and Jasmonic acid were tested. For assessing the in vitro response, the growth and regeneration were registered after different time intervals. Mannitol is the most effective for medium-term preservation viable cultures which can be maintained unlimited time through transfer at every 3 months. In its presence, somatic embryogenesis was induced and in vitro growth in the minimal cultures was reduced between 9 and 12 times comparing to the control. Antioxidant enzymes assay revealed qualitative and quantitative differences among the experimental variants, and also between different concentrations of the same compound in correlation with the growth reduction and regeneration. POX was the most suitable to detect the efficiency of different treatments to induce medium-term cultures.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Factors upon the in vitro Propagation in Quercus robur and Q. frainetto by Somatic Embryogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioan TIMOFTE ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Magdalena PALADA-NICOLAU ◽  
Claudia Simona TIMOFTE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources

The somatic embryogenesis is an advanced method for clonal propagation and a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources. In this paper, the results of an experiment to investigate the influence of development stage of explants and culture medium on the germination percentage in two oak species (three provenances of Quercus robur and two provenances of Q. frainetto), are presented. A high significant influence of the development stage of explants and a significant influence of the interaction provenance x stage on the germination percentage were recorded for Q. robur explants, whilst no significant differences between the germination percentages against the nutritive media used were fould for both oak species.

scholarly journals Genotype-dependent mass somatic embryogenesis: a chance to recover extinct populations of Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Żabicka ◽  
Piotr Żabicki ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
Monika Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska ◽  
Teresa Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

Abstract The paper presents a technique for micropropagation of endangered in Europe and extinct in Poland Pulsatilla vulgaris for ex situ conservation of the genetic resources. Genotype-dependent induction of somatic embryogenesis and rooting was revealed in series of two experiments (I and II) performed under the same experimental conditions. Shoot tips of seedlings were the best explants in both experiments and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25 or 0.5 mg L−1 BAP was suitable for induction of somatic embryos (SE) and adventitious shoots. Mass SE was obtained in experiment I after explants transfer on ½ MS (2% sucrose) + 0.45 mg L−1 B1 and extending culture to 2–3 months without passages. Rooting of adventitious shoots was a critical point. Out of seven rooting media used in experiment I, only two, ½ MS hormone free (2% sucrose) + 0.45 mg L−1 B1 or MS + 5 mg L−1 NAA + 3.76 mg L−1 B2 resulted in altogether 36.4% rooted shoots. In experiment II, somatic embryogenesis, rooting and acclimatization of adventitious shoots failed. Regenerated plantlets and seedlings converted from SE from experiment I were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Both genome size, determined by flow cytometry, and genetic diversity analyzed by ISSR markers, confirmed the compatibility of regenerants from experiment I with P. vulgaris initial seedlings and commercial cultivar. Regenerants obtained in experiment II differed genetically from the regenerants of experiment I and cultivar. Propagated in vitro tissues/organs (SE, adventitious shoots) of P. vulgaris could be a source of material for cryopreservation, artificial seed production and/or for acclimatization of regenerated plantlets and could be used for restoration of the extinct populations. Key Message The micropropagation technique via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of endangered in Europe pasqueflower was developed as a tool for species recovery. The critical point is that somatic embryogenesis is genotype-dependent, which affects the repeatability of the experiments and also imposes applying molecular techniques to confirm the genetic fidelity of the regenerants with the initial material and other genotypes.

scholarly journals Recurrent somatic embryogenesis in long-term cultures of Gentiana lutea L. as a source for synthetic seed production for medium-term preservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Holobiuc ◽  
R. Catana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Gentiana Lutea

Our aim was to establish an efficient and reproducible system for producing synthetic seeds from recurrent somatic embryogenesis in long-term cultures of Gentiana lutea L. This species is a vulnerable medicinal plant, protected both at the national and international levels, and is included in different Red Lists and Books. In vitro culture, as an alternative to classical methods of preservation, allows for the cyclic multiplication of plant material and short-, medium- and long-term preservation of tissue collections. Biotechnological approaches allow for maintenance of the plant material in a confined space and protection against biotic and abiotic factors. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most efficient way to regenerate plants, ensuring material for preservation and fundamental research. In our experiment, recurrent somatic embryogenesis was developed in long-term cultures in the presence of sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol) and in the absence of growth factors. This process proceeded at a high rate, with adventive somatic embryos being generated in a continuous process, followed by maturation, germination and development into plants. To follow the somatic embryogenesis process, histological samples were made. We used these embryogenic cultures for synthetic seed production and medium-term conservation. The viability of somatic embryos after moderate osmotic stress treatment was tested using TTC. Our methodology relied on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in the presence of auxins in the first cycle of in vitro cultures, long-term high embryogenic culture maintenance in the presence of sugar alcohols and synthetic seed production.

scholarly journals In Vitro Growth, Morphogenesis, and Acclimatization of Endangered Rindera umbellata (Waldst. & Kit.) Bunge

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Perić ◽  
Slavica Dmitrović ◽  
Suzana Živković ◽  
Biljana Filipović ◽  
Marijana Skorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Primary Explants

Rindera umbellata (Waldst. & Kit.) Bunge is a rare, critically endangered and horticulturally appealing plant with unexplored pharmaceutical potential. Its distribution is restricted to sandy habitats, whereas propagation in nature is limited by fungal infections of the seeds. To initiate its ex situ conservation and provide material for metabolomic studies, we have introduced R. umbellata into in vitro culture using immature embryos as primary explants. A 72% of the embryos germinated on growth regulator-free medium. The optimization of growth conditions was based on varying carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in the medium. In vitro growth and development of R. umbellata plants were significantly affected by both the type and concentration of the applied sugars. For most recorded parameters, including leaf elongation, biomass production, rooting percentage, and the number and length of roots, 0.1 m sucrose was optimal. The highest percentage of explants with developed buds was achieved on 0.06 m sucrose (38.77%) or 0.3 m glucose (27.43%). The plantlets obtained on 0.1 m sucrose were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse and field conditions with survival rates of 71.43% and 42.86%, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first publication dedicated to this species.

In vitro growth reduction of tomato and carnation microplants

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Rae Schnapp ◽  
John E. Preece
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Growth Reduction

scholarly journals Pengaruh Retardan Paklobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pemulihan Dua Aksesi Ubi Kayu

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Surya Diantina ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Ika Mariska
Keyword(s):  
Short Interval ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Normal growth medium is not effective for in vitro conservation due to the risk of somaclonal variation that may increase due<br />to short interval between subculture. Two experiments involving growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted to<br />reduce explants growth and extend subculture interval. In order to develop medium-term conservation of cassava, the<br />recovery of plantlets after in vitro storage was also observed. Accession 433 and 450 were used in two independent<br />experiments. Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. PBZ at 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 10.2 μM were<br />supplemented onto MS medium + arginin 100 ppm. Observation was done on shoot length, number of nodes and leaves, and<br />number of white and senescence leaves. The results showed that after nine months without subculture, both cassava<br />accessions showed different results in in vitro growth and their recovery. PBZ 3.4 μM performed as the best treatment in<br />accession 433 and 450 to reduce in vitro growth and their recovery after storage.</p>

scholarly journals Romanian in Vitro Bryophyte Collection and its Role for Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Cogălniceanu
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract The in vitro bryophyte collection of the Institute of Biology Bucharest represents the first initiative at national level for bryophyte ex-situ conservation using biotechnological techniques. Micro-propagation and medium-term storage protocols have been developed for 25 bryophyte species of both liverworts and mosses. The collection serves for conservation as well as for research and biotechnological purposes.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of endangered Dianthus taxa

2015 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Marija Markovic ◽  
Mihailo Grbic ◽  
Matilda Djukic
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Research And Practice

The review of recent researches regarding the in vitro culture of 30 endangered Dianthus taxa is presented in this paper. Various in vitro protocols developed for selected rare and threatened Dianthus taxa are analysed in order to provide a useful synthesis of the data obtained with the main principles, techniques and recommendations for futher research and practice. The recapitulated data presented in this review can be used as a tool for the micropropagation of other endangered Dianthus taxa, enabling their propagation and obtaining a sufficient amount of plants for reintroduction. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for ex situ conservation of the investigated taxa, especially for medium-term and long-term conservation (cryopreservation).

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