Potential pollinators of Fragaria ananassa (Rosales: Rosaceae) in the Perico valleys of Jujuy (Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Leila E. ROCHA ◽  
Ana C. SÁNCHEZ ◽  
María I. ZAMAR
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Probability Index

The aims of this study were to identify and estimate the potential pollinators of Fragaria ananassa Duch. “strawberry”, through the analysis of pollen carried out on their bodies. The study was carried out on a commercial farm in Las Pampitas, located in the Perico valleys, Jujuy province (Argentina). Floral visitors and other arthropods were sampled and identified, and their diversity was analyzed. The samples of insects selected to obtain the pollen carried were processed following the acetolysis technique. The potential pollinators of the strawberry crop were estimated by calculating the pollination probability index. The floral visitors corresponded to representatives of Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and even Araneae. Apis mellifera L. was the most frequent floral visitor and presented more strawberry pollen than other selected insects. The pollination probability index estimated that this species had a high probability of being a pollinator. Other pollinators such as Allograpta exotica Wiedemann, Halictidae, Meliponini and even Thripidae could complement the action of the honeybee. This is the first contribution to the knowledge of the pollination of F. ananassa in the agroecosystems of Jujuy.

scholarly journals Selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as an alternative reproductive isolation among five Arisaema species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya K Matsumoto ◽  
Muneto Hirobe ◽  
Masahiro Sueyoshi ◽  
Yuko Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract Background and Aims Interspecific difference in pollinators (pollinator isolation) is important for reproductive isolation in flowering plants. Species-specific pollination by fungus gnats has been discovered in several plant taxa, suggesting that they can contribute to reproductive isolation. Nevertheless, their contribution has not been studied in detail, partly because they are too small for field observations during flower visitation. To quantify their flower visitation, we used the genus Arisaema (Araceae) because the pitcher-like spathe of Arisaema can trap all floral visitors. Methods We evaluated floral visitor assemblage in an altitudinal gradient including five Arisaema species. We also examined interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution (geographic isolation) and flowering phenology (phenological isolation). To exclude the effect of interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution on floral visitor assemblage, we established 10 experimental plots including the five Arisaema species on high- and low-altitude areas and collected floral visitors. We also collected floral visitors in three additional sites. Finally, we estimated the strength and contribution of these three reproductive barriers using the unified formula for reproductive isolation. Key Results Each Arisaema species selectively attracted different fungus gnats in the altitudinal gradient, experimental plots, and additional sites. Altitudinal distribution and flowering phenology differed among the five Arisaema species, whereas the strength of geographic and phenological isolations were distinctly weaker than those in pollinator isolation. Nevertheless, the absolute contribution of pollinator isolation to total reproductive isolation was weaker than geographic and phenological isolations, because pollinator isolation functions after the two early-acting barriers in plant life history. Conclusions Our results suggest that selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially contributes to reproductive isolation. Since geographic and phenological isolations can be disrupted by habitat disturbance and interannual climate change, the strong and stable pollinator isolation might compensate for the weakened early-acting barriers as an alternative reproductive isolation among the five Arisaema species.

Large mammals generate both top-down effects and extended trophic cascades on floral-visitor assemblages

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Louthan ◽  
Emily Valencia ◽  
Dino J. Martins ◽  
Travis Guy ◽  
Jacob Goheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Cascade ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Trophic Cascades ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Floral Visitors

AbstractCascading effects of high trophic levels onto lower trophic levels have been documented in many ecosystems. Some studies also show evidence of extended trophic cascades, in which guilds dependent on lower trophic levels, but uninvolved in the trophic cascade themselves, are affected by the trophic cascade due to their dependence on lower trophic levels. Top-down effects of large mammals on plants could lead to a variety of extended trophic cascades on the many guilds dependent on plants, such as pollinators. In this study, floral-visitor and floral abundances and assemblages were quantified within a series of 1-ha manipulations of large-mammalian herbivore density in an African savanna. Top-down effects of large mammals on the composition of flowers available for floral visitors are first shown, using regressions of herbivore activity on metrics of floral and floral-visitor assemblages. An extended trophic cascade is also shown: the floral assemblage further altered the assemblage of floral visitors, according to a variety of approaches, including a structural equation modelling approach (model with an extended trophic cascade was supported over a model without, AICc weight = 0.984). Our study provides support for extended trophic cascades affecting floral visitors, suggesting that trophic cascades can have impacts throughout entire communities.

scholarly journals Social wasp guild (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) visiting flowers in two of the phytophysiognomic formations: Riparian Forest and campos rupestres

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Mateus Aparecido Clemente ◽  
Karine Munck Vieira ◽  
Núbia Ribeiro Campos ◽  
Kleber Del-Claro ◽  
Fábio Prezoto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
One Year

Social wasps are part of the floral visitor guild. In this study we investigated the distribution of flower-visiting wasp species in two phytophysiognomies in the State Park of Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We inspected flowering plants with visiting wasps along a 1 km transect in riparian forest and another 1 km transect in campos rupestres over the course of one year, for a total sampling effort of 240 hours. We found a total of 103 individuals with 15 species distributed among 7 genera, the most common belonging to the Erythroxylaceae (n = 10) and Asteraceae (n = 10) families. Asteraceae had the highest abundance (N = 55). The diversity and evenness of these insects was higher in riparian forest (H '= 0.78 and J' = 0.75) than in campos rupestres (H '= 0.30, J' = 0.39). All species visited flowers of 19 plant species in riparian forest, and eight wasp species visited 11 plant species in campos rupestres. These Polistinae acted as regular floral visitors, thus, conservation programs in these areas may be relevant for the maintenance of social wasp diversity.

scholarly journals Estratégia Reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) e Atividades de Forrageio dos seus Visitantes Florais

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Abreu Tavares ◽  
João Cloves Stanzani Dutra ◽  
Leandro Pereira Polatto ◽  
Valter Vieira Alves Junior ◽  
Edmar de Souza Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Pollination Methods ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Um fator indispensável na manutenção da produtividade agrícola é a polinização. Entre os vários agentes polinizadores, os insetos são considerados os principais agentes atuantes na polinização da maioria das culturas. O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) a partir da análise dos métodos de polinização utilizados pela planta e do registro da diversidade e comportamento dos visitantes florais. Para avaliar a eficiência dos polinizadores, 10 flores de C. moschata foram etiquetadas para verificar a formação de frutos em condições naturais. Outras 10 flores foram envolvidas em sacos impermeáveis para impedir o contato com os insetos visitantes. Os insetos foram coletados diretamente nas flores, das 7:00 h às 11:15 h, durante 15 minutos de cada hora, anotando-se os valores de temperatura, luminosidade, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O sucesso reprodutivo de C. moschata depende de polinizadores, uma vez que o isolamento reprodutivo das flores não permitiu a formação de fruto. A ordem mais abundante foi Diptera, seguida por Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera e Lepidoptera. Os polinizadores efetivos de C. moschata foram representados por espécies de abelhas de porte corporal grande: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug e Bombus sp. Essas espécies visitaram as flores para coletar néctar e pólen. Os fatores abióticos tiveram pouca influencia nas atividades de forrageio dos visitantes florais. Reproductive Strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) and Foraging Activities of their Floral Visitors Abstract. An essential factor in maintaining agricultural productivity is pollination. Among the various pollinators, the insects are considered the main active agents in pollination of most cultures. The work aimed to understand the reproductive strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) through analysis of the pollination methods used by the plant and the record of the diversity and behavior of floral visitors. To assess the efficiency of pollinators, 10 flowers of C. moschata were labeled to check the formation of fruit under natural conditions. Other 10 flowers were wrapped in waterproof bags to prevent contact with visiting insects. The insects were collected directly in the flowers, from 07:00 to 11:15 am, during 15 minutes of every hour, recording the values of temperature, luminosity, relative humidity and wind speed. The reproductive success of C. moschata depends on pollinators, since the reproductive isolation of the flowers did not allow the formation of fruit. The most abundant order was Diptera, followed by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The effective pollinators of C. moschata were represented by species of bees of large body size: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug and Bombus sp. These species visited the flowers to collect nectar and pollen. The abiotic factors had little influence on foraging activities of floral visitors.

scholarly journals Melitofilia em Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio de Castro Verçoza ◽  
Elaine Conceição Do Nascimento ◽  
Izabel Maria Ribeiro Côrtes
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a polinização de Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) por abelhas na vegetação de restinga da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari, localizada na zona oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de junho de 2008 a junho de 2009, realizando-se observações sobre morfologia, cor e odor das flores da espécie. Foi registrado o número de flores abertas por dia em cada indivíduo, bem como as etapas de abertura, determinando-se o período da antese. A ocorrência de visitantes florais foi registrada observando-se o horário de visita, a adaptabilidade para polinização, a facilidade de acesso à recompensa e o comportamento intra-floral desempenhado. C. rosea ocorre nas comunidades psamófila e pós-praia da restinga da APA de Grumari. Apresenta características típicas da melitofilia (polinização por abelhas) e as flores são polinizadas por Xylocopa frontalis Oliver. São ainda visitas por Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, Trigona spinipes Fabricius e Apis mellifera Linnaeus, que recolhem pólen sem polinizar as flores. X. frontalis mostrou ser o único polinizador efetivo de C. rosea na restinga de Grumari, tornando a planta diretamente dependente desta espécie para produção de frutos e sementes nesta localidade. Mellitophily in Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) Abstract. This work aimed to study the floral biology and the pollination’s ecology of Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) by bees in the sandbank vegetation of the Grumari Environmental Protection Area (EPA) , located in the western zone of Rio de Janeiro’s city. The study was developed between the months of June of 2008 to June of 2009. Sampling on morphology, color and odor of the flowers of the species were made. The number of open flowers per day in each individual was recorded, as well as the opening steps, determining the period of anthesis. The occurrence of floral visitors was recorded through the observation of the visit’s time, of the adaptability for pollination, of the ease of access to the reward and of the intra-floral behavior played. C. rosea occurs in psamophily communities and in post-beach sandbank of Grumari’s EPA. It presents typical characteristics of mellitophily (pollination by bees) and the flowers are pollinated by Xylocopa frontalis Oliver. It also receives visits from Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, Trigona spinipes Fabricius and Apis mellifera Linnaeus, which collects pollen without pollinating the flowers. X. frontalis proved to be the only effective pollinator of C. rosea in the Grumari sandbank, making the plant directly dependent on this species for fruit and seed’s production in this location.

scholarly journals Pollination and breeding system of Couepia uiti (Mart. and Zucc.) Benth (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Pantanal da Nhecolândia

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Paulino-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Pollen Release

The pollination biology and breeding system of Couepia uiti was studied. In this species, flowers opened at 06:00 AM anthesis, and nectar production began at around 0800 h, reached a maximum volume from 09:30 AM to 10:30 AM, and decreased thereafter. The nectar sugar concentration increased continuously, but showed an abrupt increase from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM. Pollen release occurred at about 09:30 AM and was quickly collected. The stigmas became receptive at around 12:00 AM. The pollinators of C. uiti included the bees Apis mellifera, Xylocopa sp. and Bombus sp., and three species of wasps. This conclusion was based on the observation that these hymenopterans had C. uiti pollen on their bodies, visited the receptive flowers, and touched the anthers and stigmas, thereby promoting pollination. Of these floral visitors, A. mellifera was considered to be the most efficient pollinator. However, mixed pollination also occurred. The number of C. uiti flowers visited in the morning (n = 52) was three times smaller than in the afternoon (n = 62), and the species richness of floral visitors was also bigger in the afternoon (eight in the afternoon versus five in the morning). This finding indicated that these floral visitors preferred to exploit nectar rather than pollen. Controlled pollination experiments showed that C. uiti was a self-incompatible species that produced fruits only by cross-pollination. Treatments such as agamospermy and spontaneous and self-pollinations did not produce fruits.

scholarly journals Opposing effects of floral visitors and soil conditions on the determinants of competitive outcomes maintain species diversity in heterogeneous landscapes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose B. Lanuza ◽  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Oscar Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Competitive Outcomes ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Opposing Effects

Theory argues that both soil conditions and aboveground trophic interactions are equally important for determining plant species diversity. However, it remains unexplored how they modify the niche differences that stabilise species coexistence and the average fitness differences driving competitive dominance. We conducted a field study in Mediterranean annual grasslands to parameterise population models of six competing plant species. Spatially explicit floral visitor assemblages and soil salinity variation were characterized for each species. Both floral visitors and soil salinity modified species population dynamics via direct changes in seed production and indirect changes in competitive responses. Although the magnitude and sign of these changes were species specific, floral visitors promoted coexistence at neighbourhood scales while soil salinity did so over larger scales by changing the superior competitor's identity. Our results show how below and aboveground interactions maintain diversity in heterogeneous landscapes through their opposing effects on the determinants of competitive outcomes.

scholarly journals The worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1870) ◽  
pp. 20172140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng-Lou James Hung ◽  
Jennifer M. Kingston ◽  
Matthias Albrecht ◽  
David A. Holway ◽  
Joshua R. Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Pollinator Effectiveness ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Native And Introduced Ranges ◽  
Plant Pollinator

The western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) is the most frequent floral visitor of crops worldwide, but quantitative knowledge of its role as a pollinator outside of managed habitats is largely lacking. Here we use a global dataset of 80 published plant–pollinator interaction networks as well as pollinator effectiveness measures from 34 plant species to assess the importance of A. mellifera in natural habitats. Apis mellifera is the most frequent floral visitor in natural habitats worldwide, averaging 13% of floral visits across all networks (range 0–85%), with 5% of plant species recorded as being exclusively visited by A. mellifera . For 33% of the networks and 49% of plant species, however, A. mellifera visitation was never observed, illustrating that many flowering plant taxa and assemblages remain dependent on non- A. mellifera visitors for pollination. Apis mellifera visitation was higher in warmer, less variable climates and on mainland rather than island sites, but did not differ between its native and introduced ranges. With respect to single-visit pollination effectiveness, A. mellifera did not differ from the average non- A. mellifera floral visitor, though it was generally less effective than the most effective non- A. mellifera visitor. Our results argue for a deeper understanding of how A. mellifera , and potential future changes in its range and abundance, shape the ecology, evolution, and conservation of plants, pollinators, and their interactions in natural habitats.

scholarly journals BIOLOGY OF POLLINATION OF Citrus sinensis VARIETY ‘PERA RIO’

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GENEROSA SOUSA RIBEIRO ◽  
ELOI MACHADO ALVES ◽  
CARLOS ALFREDO LOPES DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Local Agriculture ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT Aspects related to the floral biology of Citrus sinensis ‘Pera Rio’ variety were studied in the present work aiming to obtain information about the pollination ecology in the local agriculture. Studies of flowering, anthesis, pollen / ovule ratio, stigmatic receptivity, pollen viability, nectar characterization and floral visitors were carried out. From the data studied, the following information was obtained: C. sinensis variety ‘Pera Rio’ flourishes in two annual periods (dry and rainy), the anthesis occurs from 9:00 AM with duration of 24 hours, during which period stigma receptivity, pollen viability and nectar secretion are highly significant, demonstrating that the species also possesses characteristics of allogenic plants. Apis mellifera was a floral visitor, with a greater number of individuals with a Relative Frequency (RF) of 51.1%. Melipona scutellaris obtained second place in visits with RR = 23.6%; Followed by Trigona spinipes with FR = 17.7%. The two seasons (dry and rainy) presented high similarity (Morisita index = 0.64). C. sinensis has floral biology favorable to cross pollination and bees A. mellifera and M. scutellaris are potential pollinators of this fruit in the conditions in the region of the Recôncavo Baiano. The reproductive system of C. sinensis is mixed, being favorable to entomophilic pollination.

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