scholarly journals Estratégia Reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) e Atividades de Forrageio dos seus Visitantes Florais

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Abreu Tavares ◽  
João Cloves Stanzani Dutra ◽  
Leandro Pereira Polatto ◽  
Valter Vieira Alves Junior ◽  
Edmar de Souza Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Pollination Methods ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Um fator indispensável na manutenção da produtividade agrícola é a polinização. Entre os vários agentes polinizadores, os insetos são considerados os principais agentes atuantes na polinização da maioria das culturas. O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) a partir da análise dos métodos de polinização utilizados pela planta e do registro da diversidade e comportamento dos visitantes florais. Para avaliar a eficiência dos polinizadores, 10 flores de C. moschata foram etiquetadas para verificar a formação de frutos em condições naturais. Outras 10 flores foram envolvidas em sacos impermeáveis para impedir o contato com os insetos visitantes. Os insetos foram coletados diretamente nas flores, das 7:00 h às 11:15 h, durante 15 minutos de cada hora, anotando-se os valores de temperatura, luminosidade, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O sucesso reprodutivo de C. moschata depende de polinizadores, uma vez que o isolamento reprodutivo das flores não permitiu a formação de fruto. A ordem mais abundante foi Diptera, seguida por Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera e Lepidoptera. Os polinizadores efetivos de C. moschata foram representados por espécies de abelhas de porte corporal grande: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug e Bombus sp. Essas espécies visitaram as flores para coletar néctar e pólen. Os fatores abióticos tiveram pouca influencia nas atividades de forrageio dos visitantes florais. Reproductive Strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) and Foraging Activities of their Floral Visitors Abstract. An essential factor in maintaining agricultural productivity is pollination. Among the various pollinators, the insects are considered the main active agents in pollination of most cultures. The work aimed to understand the reproductive strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) through analysis of the pollination methods used by the plant and the record of the diversity and behavior of floral visitors. To assess the efficiency of pollinators, 10 flowers of C. moschata were labeled to check the formation of fruit under natural conditions. Other 10 flowers were wrapped in waterproof bags to prevent contact with visiting insects. The insects were collected directly in the flowers, from 07:00 to 11:15 am, during 15 minutes of every hour, recording the values of temperature, luminosity, relative humidity and wind speed. The reproductive success of C. moschata depends on pollinators, since the reproductive isolation of the flowers did not allow the formation of fruit. The most abundant order was Diptera, followed by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The effective pollinators of C. moschata were represented by species of bees of large body size: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug and Bombus sp. These species visited the flowers to collect nectar and pollen. The abiotic factors had little influence on foraging activities of floral visitors.

scholarly journals Pollinating potential of bee floral visitors of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e7389108999
Author(s):  
Mikail Olinda de Oliveira ◽  
Isac Gabriel Abrahão Bomfim ◽  
Marcelo Casimiro Cavalcante ◽  
Felipe Andrés León Contrera ◽  
Francisco Xavier de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

To better understand the relationship between Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) with its floral visitors, we investigated stigma receptivity and flowering pattern, as well as the abundance, frequency and behavior of bees visiting its flowers, aiming to discuss their potential as pollinator of this plant species. We studied S. mombin in an orchard in Northeastern Brazil. Stigma receptivity coincided with the time bees were foraging, mainly for pollen. According to the bee behavior on flowers, their visiting hour, abundance, and frequency in the studied area, we concluded that Apis mellifera (Linnaeus), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius), Xylocopa grisescens (Lepeletier) and Augochloropsis sp. are potential pollinators of S. mombin. Also, A. mellifera and T. spinipes were the most abundant species in the area and collected floral resources with greater frequency, contributing more significantly to pollination. Due to the overwhelmingly presence of these two bee species in NE Brazil, we conclude they are the main potential pollinators of S. mombin in the region.

Behavior and diversity of floral visitors to Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Mateus Nucci ◽  
Valter Vieira Alves-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Floral Tissue ◽  
Entire Observation Period ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Behavior Frequency ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Observation Period

Considering the important roles of pollinators in ecosystem services, their identification and studies of their behavior would be extremely important to efforts directed towards their preservation and management. With the aim of examining the diversity and behavior of the floral visitors to Campomanesia adamantium (Cambessédes) O. Berg (“guavira”) and how they act in the pollination process, a total of 31 species belonging to the orders Hymenoptera (79.30 %), Coleoptera (11.34 %), Diptera (9.1 %), and Hemiptera (0.24 %) were identified. Among the Hymenoptera, africanized Apis mellifera, Brachygastra lecheguana, and Trachymyrmex sp. were considered dominant. Foraging was most intense between 07:00 and 10:00 h, with decreased activity after 13:00 h. The insects visited the plants in search of pollen and nectar, with pollen being the principal resource offered. Among the pollinators, africanized Apis mellifera stood out due to their behavior, frequency of visitation, abundance (being responsible for 53.24 % of all floral visits), and their constant presence on C. adamantium flowers during the entire observation period. Other insects (wasps, ants, and coleopterans) were associated with floral tissue predation.

scholarly journals Polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos Afloramentos Rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: Um Caso de Melitofilia em Inselbergue do Brasil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Fábio Castro Verçoza
Keyword(s):  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a fenologia reprodutiva, a biologia floral e a ecologia da polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos afloramentos rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. Uma população de dez indivíduos da espécie foi estudada nessa localidade no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Foram realizadas observações sobre período de floração, morfologia, cor e odor das flores, ocorrência e comportamento dos visitantes florais. A floração de V. candida ocorreu de setembro a dezembro nos dois anos consecutivos do estudo. As flores são brancas, nectaríferas e exalam odor suave e adocicado. Reúnem características típicas da síndrome da melitofilia e foram intensamente visitadas por três espécies de abelhas. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith se destacou como o polinizador efetivo da espécie estudada. Por ser uma abelha de grande porte e robusta, durante a coleta de néctar e de pólen, deposita este último no estigma, polinizando as flores. Pollination of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on Rock Outcrops of Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: A Case of Mellitophily Inselberg BrazilAbstract. This paper presents data on the reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination ecology of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on rocky outcrops of Costão Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. A population of ten individuals of the species was studied in this location from June 2006 to December 2008. Observations were made on flowering period, morphology, color and odor of flowers, the occurrence and behavior of floral visitors. The flowering of V. candida occurred from September to December in two successive years of study. The flowers are white, exude nectar and sweet odor. Meet typical syndrome melitophyly and were intensively visited by three species of bees. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith stood out as the effective pollinator of the species studied. Being a bee large and robust, while collecting nectar and pollen, the latter deposited on the stigma, pollinating the flowers.

scholarly journals Ecological and physiological peculiarities of bryophytes on a post-technogenic salinized territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
O. V. Lobachevska ◽  
N. Y. Kyyak ◽  
I. V. Rabyk
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Bryum Argenteum ◽  
Storage Area

Taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and the main mechanisms of tolerance in the conditions of salinization were investigated. Bryophytes are the pioneers that have colonized the territory of a tailing storage that holds liquid waste from potassium-magnesium concentrate production of the Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Polymineral". Due to excess salts, the soil solution in the shore area of the tailing pond acquires high osmotic pressure. Three experimental plots which differed significantly in the level of the substrate salinity were laid at the distance of 3, 6 and 9 m from the reservoir for experimental studies. Water extracts of the substrates from the test sites showed the highest concentrations for sulfates – 10.4–64.6 mg Eq/100 g of soil and chlorides – 7.6–43.3 mg Eq/100 g of soil. It was established that the investigated areas of the tailing storage territory differed in the biochemical activity of the substrate, which was evaluated by its redox potential. On the areas of the uncovered substrate it was the lowest – 230 mV, which indicates anaerobiosis in conditions of very high salinization and moisture. Higher ROP values were determined at the sites of bryophyte cover distribution – 295–330 mV. The aim of the study was to determine the features of taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and to establish the main mechanisms of adaptation to the conditions of salinization on the tailing storage territory. 24 species and 3 varieties of bryophytes, belonging to 12 families and 16 genera were found on the shore of the tailing storage pond. The results of biomorphological and ecological analysis of bryophytes indicate the uneven conditions of the habitats and their considerable ecological plasticity. Among the bryophytes, mesophytes, xeromesophytes and meso-eutrophs, eutrophs with a life-form of low dense and loose turf dominated. In salinization conditions, dioicous acrocarpous mosses prevailed, the fertile turf of which, depending on the influence of abiotic factors, differed significantly in the number of sexual shoots, their ratio and productivity. Bulbils were found only on the tips of Bryum argenteum shoots. Along with Salicornia europaea L., a euhalophyte, the leading role in the initial stage of overgrowth of the tailing storage area most often belonged to Didymodon rigidulus, Bryum argenteum, Funaria hygrometrica and Barbula unguiculata. The process of formation of bryophyte cover occurred along a gradient of decrease in salt concentration at the experimental sites. Adaptation of bryophytes to substrate salinity is due to a change in metabolic processes, which is manifested in an increase of the total content of carbohydrates and an increase of the cation exchange capacity of moss cell walls, which is the primary barrier that reduces the toxic effect of ions under salt stress.

scholarly journals Megachile sculpturalis, the Giant Resin Bee, overcomes the blossom structure of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) that impedes pollination

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Glenn Hall ◽  
Laura Avila
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Bee species that are effective pollinators of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.: Fabaceae: Crotalarieae) are few in number because of the large size and papilionaceous structure of the plant’s blossom.  Seed for this potentially valuable cover crop is largely unavailable due to the paucity of pollinators and to the plant’s self-incompatibility.  The introduced Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith (Megachilidae: Megachilinae), the giant resin bee, has the anatomy and behavior to be a most effective pollinator.  While holding onto the upper vexillum petal of the blossom with her mandibles, this bee has the strength to depress the lower keel causing pollen to be expelled by the style through the small opening at the end.  The bee is long enough for its metasoma to extend over the end of the keel, and, as a member of the family Megachilidae, has scopal hairs on the venter of the metasoma, which are thus in an optimal position to contact the pollen.  Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.: Apidae) are common visitors to sunn hemp flowers but are too small to be effective pollinators.  A honey bee worker robs the pollen by inserting her proboscis into the end of the keel and extracting the adhering pollen.  Possible problems could result from mutual enhancement of populations of an exotic bee and an exotic plant.

Back to Basics: The Application of Cognitive and Behavior Theory to Forensic Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Galietta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Large Body ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Forensic Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

Since 1976, when the landmark case Estelle v. Gamble first recognized the right of prisoners to medical care, subsequent legislation has expanded this right to include mental health treatment for serious disorders. National standards for the treatment of prisoners and other forensic populations have been developed, and continue to be debated. Research studies on effective interventions with forensic populations, as well as the large body of literature pertaining to empirically supported psychotherapies in general clinical samples, offer insights for the effective treatment of offenders. However, many gaps in knowledge remain. In particular, questions exist about whether transmission of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) from the lab into forensic contexts is possible. Moreover, there is little guidance available regarding how to adapt treatments for appropriate use in forensic settings, while maintaining fidelity to essential treatment principles. This article provides a framework for synthesizing literature related to this endeavor, and serves as an introduction to the special theme: applications of cognitive and behavioral therapy to forensic treatment.

Age and Behavior of Honey Bee Workers, Apis mellifera, that Interact with Drones

Ethology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Stout ◽  
Jeremy D. Slone ◽  
Stanley S. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bee Workers ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FLOWER VISITORS IN SOME VARIETIES OF MELON UNDER DIFFERENT CROP CONDITIONS1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-984
Author(s):  
EVA MONICA SARMENTO DA SILVA ◽  
MÁRCIA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO ◽  
LÚCIA HELENA PIEDADE KIILL ◽  
MÁRCIA DE SOUSA COELHO ◽  
MARA POLINE DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT Previous investigations showed that diverse varieties of melon may have different attractiveness for bees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, frequency and behavior of flower visitors of some melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars (Amarelo, Pele de Sapo, Cantaloupe, Gália) in different conditions (conventional and organic farming, dry and rainy seasons, with and without mulching and introduction or not of honey bee hives) in the main production poles in the Brazilian Northeast (Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Pacajus-CE and Mossoro-RN). Observations and collections of flower visitors occurred from 5p.m. to 6p.m, in non-consecutive days. We recorded 12 species of insects, mostly bees. The most frequent was Apis mellifera (99.68%), but other species appeared sporadically (less than 0.5%): Xylocopa grisescens, Trigona spinipes, Plebeia sp., Melipona mandacaia, Frieseomelitta doedereleini, Halicitidae. Apis mellifera was present in all studied cultivars and sites. Xylocopa grisescens appeared in two poles, but not in Pacajus-CE, Amarelo cultivar. In addition, Trigona spinipes, although present in the three poles, was not recorded on Pele de Sapo. The Amarelo cultivar, under organic farming, without the use of mulching, and presence of honey bee hives, in the Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA pole, in the dry season, was the combination of factors showing the largest number of Apis mellifera as the main visitor of melon flowers.

scholarly journals Congregating behavior and response to resource distribution of the Green House Millipede, Oxidus gracilis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background. Congregating behaviors, though common among many animal species, are little studied among millipedes. It is also unclear to what extent abiotic factors influence the distribution and behavior of millipedes. The species Oxidus gracilis was surveyed around several streams on the island of Mo’orea along with soil moisture, leaf litter cover, and rock cover. Experiments were designed in order to determine how an innate congregating behavior may affect their distributions. Methods. Fifteen transects were performed in the field, recording O. gracilis abundances and the three environmental factors every 1 m. Forty trials were performed using covered bins filled with soil and five fruits of the Tahitian chestnut tree (Inocarpus fagifer). Ten millipedes were placed in the box and left for an hour, after which the number of individuals per fruit was recorded. Results. It was found that while none of the three environmental factors were strong indicators of the distribution of O. gracilis , individuals did in fact demonstrate a tendency to congregate in the experimental trials. Discussion. The lack of significant relationships with the three environmental parameters suggests a generalist behavior of this millipede species, potentially benefitting its invasive nature. The congregating behavior could potentially be for the purposes of mating or defense. Although not studied in this paper, it is possible that conspecific chemical cues are responsible.

scholarly journals PATHWAYS FROM PAIN TO RESILIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Larry K. Brendtro
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Experience Pain

Abraham Maslow was among the first to hypothesize that most emotional and behavioral problems stem from unmet needs. Now, a large body of research on brain science, trauma, and resilience validates this concept. Humans experience emotional pain when their needs are frustrated. The most basic biosocial needs are for attachment, achievement, autonomy, and altruism. When these needs are met, children thrive. When they are not met, children experience pain-based emotions, thinking, and behavior. This article explores research and practical strategies for responding to the needs beneath pain-based behavior instead of reacting to problems.

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