Pescadores migrantes: análisis de su dinámica e integración Social

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Fernando González Laxe
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
The Many

The globalization of the economy encourages massive population displacements and inevitably generates a cosmopolitization of societies. This leads to concern, misunderstanding and rejection. The most vulnerable social groups in society can perceive the population as intruders and enemies in social competition. Undoubtedly, the extreme spatial instability of fishery resources is among the many factors affecting migration dynamics. Various reasons for the mobility of fishermen are relevant around this concept. These include aspect related to traditions, to the capitalisation of activity, to technological innovations, and to innovation exchanges concerning the location of fish stocks. This article reflects on spatial increase of fishermen’s. The analyse are part of the paradigm of the sustainable management of common renewable resources, in particular fishery resources. It presents three lines of analysis: the reason for mobility; the choice of destination; and are the integration into host units.

Status and Identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Deborah Welch Larson ◽  
Alexei Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
International Standing

This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book draws on social identity theory (SIT) for insights into how status concerns and social identity shape Chinese and Russian foreign policy. SIT argues that social groups strive to achieve a positively distinctive identity. When a group's identity is threatened, it may pursue one of several identity management strategies: social mobility, social competition, or social creativity. Using SIT as a framework, the book addresses several questions. First, how important were status considerations in shaping Chinese and Russian foreign policy? Second, why did China and Russia choose a particular strategy in a given context for improving their state's international standing? Third, how effective were their chosen strategies as measured by the perceptions and beliefs of the leading states.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RELAXATION OF BOLTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Khalil ◽  
Hafiz Abdul Wajid
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Relaxation Behaviour ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Elastic Interactions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Static Behaviour

Loss of pre-load with time, commonly known as ‘Relaxation’ is an established phenomena. Behaviour of a bolted joint depends upon the pre-load in the bolts in use, not the pre-load introduced by the mechanic. Loss of pre-load is expected due to the many factors such as embedment relaxation, gasket creep, elastic interactions, and vibration loosening or stress relaxation. In a gasketed joint, due to the gasket flexibility, relaxation is always substantial during preliminary passes, as 80 to 100% loss is not uncommon in almost all the bolts, resulting in a dynamic behaviour. Pre-load in a gasketed joint is stabilized and retained to certain extent in the final passes only. In a non-gasketed joint, due to no gasket and no rotation its static behaviour is concluded. This paper highlights the factors affecting the amount of relaxation with time and presents important considerations that can reduce this. Both the short and long term relaxations are recorded and a ‘best fit’ model for relaxation behaviour is derived.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Palm Farmers’ Decisions to Dispense Plantage-Product Zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Amalia Agustin Syn ◽  
Khalifah Muhammad Ali ◽  
Didin Hafidhuddin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
The Many

Zakat is one of the five points in rukun Islam and consists of two types: zakat nafs (soul) and zakat maal (wealth). One of the many kinds of zakat maal is plantage-product zakat. Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency is an area that contains 160,785.04 hectares of palm plantation land as recorded in 2016. The area also produced 7,493,696.18 tons of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in the same year. The objective of this study is to identify the potential of plantage-product zakat (specifically palm plantage) and analyze the factors that affect farmers’ decision to dispense plantage-product zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency. Logistic regression analysis was the method of analysis used in this study. Based on data obtained from Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Sumatera Utara 2016, the potential of plantage-product zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency reached 25.6 billion rupiahs in 2014; 21.6 billion rupiahs in 2015, and 370.4 billion rupiahs in 2016. The variables that significantly affected farmers’ decisions to dispense plantage-product zakat were comprehension of zakat, faith, rewards, Islamic study, and frequency of worship.

scholarly journals ABOUT DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF NATIONAL INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
А.П. Фомина ◽  
Р.А. Дрозд ◽  
М.И. Гайченя
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
The Many ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Push Model

Для достижения необходимого уровня конкурентоспособности экономики страны, развития национальной инновационной системы, требуется идентификация и актуализация факторов, оказывающих влияние на национальную инновационную систему, ее успешное функционирование. Из множества факторов, влияющих на инновационное развитие, необходимо выделить основные и второстепенные. В статье рассматриваются основные характеристики инновационного процесса, механизмы взаимодействия субъектов экономики и науки. Рассматриваются модели эндогенного роста и имитационного инновационного развития и интенсивного инновационного роста. При рассмотрении двух подходов к природе зарождения инновации: модель technology – push и модель market-pull, авторами выдвигается и подтверждается гипотеза о том, что фактором развития национальной инновационной системы является, прежде всего, реализация технологических инноваций. Авторами доказывается, что особое внимание необходимо уделить развитию научно-технической инновационной инфраструктуры. Развитие национальных инновационных систем может иметь секторальный характер: применение соответствующей экономической политики, стимулирующей развитие науки, технологий, инноваций в отдельных секторах экономики и кластерах, в которых под влиянием различных факторов сложились наиболее благоприятные условия для развития в сфере технологий. To achieve the required level of competitiveness of the country's economy, the development of a national innovation system, identification and updating of factors that influence the national innovation system and its successful functioning is required. Of the many factors affecting innovative development, it is necessary to distinguish the main and secondary. The article discusses the main characteristics of the innovation process, the mechanisms of interaction between economic entities and science. The models of endogenous growth and imitation innovative development and intensive innovative growth are considered. When considering two approaches to the nature of the origin of innovation: the technology-push model and the market-pull model, the authors put forward and confirm the hypothesis that the factor of development of the national innovation system is, first of all, the implementation of technological innovations. The authors prove that special attention should be paid to the development of scientific and technical innovation infrastructure. The development of national innovation systems can be of a sectoral nature: the application of appropriate economic policies that stimulate the development of science, technology, innovation in individual sectors of the economy and clusters, in which under the influence of various factors the most favorable conditions for development in the field of technology have developed.

Factors Affecting the Wintering Habitat of Major Fishery Resources in Southwestern Korean Waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Jin Yeong Kim ◽  
Il Su Choi ◽  
Joo Il Kim ◽  
Seok Gwan Choi ◽  
Young Yull Chun
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
Wintering Habitat

Modeling for E-Learning Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 2646-2650
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Rentroia-Bonito ◽  
Joaquim Armando Pires Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Many

Computer-based instruction is touted as an effective tool to support knowledge dissemination within predefined learning environments. Indeed, many see it as a way to overcome geographical or social barriers to knowledge transmission and educational institutions. However, its domain of application has traditionally been restricted to basic skills and educational contexts. Recently, dynamic and complex business environments shaped by technological changes and the downsizing trend of the ’90s placed new constraints on the underlying assumptions (Fuglseth, 2003). Organizations are now pushing for skill flexibility, demanding specialized knowledge and requiring faster learning curves from employees. Many advocate Internet-based education materials as one way to meet those challenges (Bernardes & O’Donoghue, 2003; Karoulis et al., 2004; Storey et al., 2002; Strazzo & Wentling, 2001). However, this raises important questions concerning both effectiveness and efficiency of such tools and materials. Indeed, developing interactive multimedia-based courseware remains pretty much a black art, consuming enormous resources. So far, there is a lack of established models to predict the performance and evaluate how adequately courseware can meet user needs. In fact, developing courseware should take into account the target constituency requirements, organizational context, and the stated educational or training goals. Developing the wrong training materials can lead to costly investments in creating and maintaining content to match the increasing expectations on e-learning. Perhaps this can explain the recent rash of failed e-learning projects—current results do not measure up to business and individual expectations yet. A better understanding of the many factors affecting e-learning performance would allow individuals and organizations to achieve the expected benefits. In so doing, development teams need methods, techniques, and tools to evaluate in advance which features are needed to achieve higher outcomes, namely, performance and satisfaction. Thus, the need to develop predictive models to improve learning effectiveness is in order. This overview includes four sections. “Background” presents a proposed e-learning theoretical framework to guide our analysis based upon the reviewed literature. “Key Issues” section describes main issues arising from the proposed elearning conceptual framework. “Future Trends” describes our vision on how to approach e-learning initiatives and future trends. Finally, we present a general conclusion.

A Reflective Essay of a Conceptual Model for Self-Directed Learning for the Adult Learner

2022 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Maria Paradiso-Testa
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
The Many ◽  
Emergent Theory ◽  
Reflective Essay

Of the many factors affecting our lives today, the ever-changing landscape of education is at the forefront. Learning is a complex behavior which involves cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. While pedagogy is the art and science of teaching children, andragogy is the art and science of teaching adults. The term pedagogy came into use in the seventh century. It wasn't until the 19th and 20th centuries that what we know as traditional learning theories—behaviorism, humanism, cognitivism, social cognitivism, and constructivism—were recognized. They were derived from the investigative tools of theorists—Pavlov, Skinner, Piaget, Freud, Maslow, Rogers, and Thorndike—to understand the nature of learning. In 1970, Malcolm Knowles promoted andragogy as a model of assumption that serves as a basis for an emergent theory. Today, the way of differentiating adult learners from children learners is through the process of andragogy.

scholarly journals From Safety Net to Point of No Return—Are Small-Scale Inland Fisheries Reaching Their Limits?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Pina Lena Lammers ◽  
Torsten Richter ◽  
Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Function ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
Near Future

Small-scale inland fisheries (SSIF) are a livelihood opportunity for millions of people in developing countries. Understanding the economic, ecological, political and social impacts fishers are coping with can clarify weaknesses and challenges in the fishery management. Using the SSIF at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, as an example, we analyzed the development and fishers’ perception of, and adaptation strategies to, change. We surveyed fish catches to assess the state of fish stocks and conducted interviews to understand fishers’ livelihood, problems, behavior and attitudes. Our results show that the fishery sector of Lake Alaotra has grown dramatically although fish catches have fallen sharply. Changes in species composition and low reproduction rates reflect the fishing pressure. A point of no return seems near, as decreasing agricultural yields force farmers to enter the fishery sector as a form of livelihood diversification. Lake Alaotra reflects an alarming trend which can already be seen in many regions of the world and may affect a growing number in the near future. The Alaotran fisheries demonstrate that SSIF’s ability to provide livelihood alternatives under conditions of insecurity will become increasingly important. It further highlights that the identification of ongoing livelihood dynamics in order to disclose possible poverty trap mechanisms and to understand fisheries’ current function is essential for sustainable management.

scholarly journals Contrasts in kinship structure in mammalian societies

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dyble ◽  
Tim H Clutton-Brock
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relative Rarity ◽  
Kinship Structure ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Comparative studies of mammals confirm Hamilton’s prediction that differences in cooperative and competitive behavior across species will be related to contrasts in kinship between group members. Although theoretical models have explored the factors affecting kinship within social groups, few have analyzed the causes of contrasts in kinship among related species. Here, we describe interspecific differences in average kinship between group members among social mammals and show that a simple mathematical model that includes the number of breeding females, male reproductive skew, and litter size successfully predicts ~95% of observed variation in average kinship between group members across a sample of mammals. Our model shows that a wide range of conditions can generate groups with low average relatedness but only a small and rather specific set of conditions are likely to generate high average levels of relatedness between their members, providing insight into the relative rarity of advanced forms of cooperation in mammalian societies.

scholarly journals Relative Profitability of Vine-Ripe Tomatoes in North Carolina and Tennessee

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene A. Mathia ◽  
John R. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
Relative Profitability

The ability of a farmer or group of farmers in a region to produce a specific product profitably depends on the structure of costs of production and marketing and demands of all competing crops. The final decision to grow a particular product is made on the basis of its profitability relative to profitabilities of other alternatives. Relative profitability of a product changes as technological innovations affect yields, resource requirements and production efficiency. Factors affecting demand for resource inputs and products cause changes in profitabilities. Institutional factors can also necessitate adjustments in farm plans by influencing price and/or production of specific products and thereby affecting the profitability of one product relative to other product alternatives.

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