Operational block time savings

1998 ◽

Author(s):

D.S. Patrick ◽

L.C. Wagner ◽

P.T. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Failure Analysis ◽

Yield Enhancement ◽

Production Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Critical Design ◽

The Past ◽

Product Engineering ◽

Time Savings ◽

Analysis Design

Abstract Failure isolation and debug of CMOS integrated circuits over the past several years has become increasingly difficult to perform on standard failure analysis functional testers. Due to the increase in pin counts, clock speeds, increased complexity and the large number of power supply pins on current ICS, smaller and less equipped testers are often unable to test these newer devices. To reduce the time of analysis and improve the failure isolation capabilities for failing ICS, failure isolation is now performed using the same production testers used in product development, multiprobe and final test. With these production testers, the test hardware, program and pattern sets are already available and ready for use. By using a special interface that docks the production test head to failure isolation equipment such as the emission microscope, liquid crystal station and E-Beam prober, the analyst can quickly and easily isolate the faillure on an IC. This also enables engineers in design, product engineering and the waferfab yield enhancement groups to utilize this equipment to quickly solve critical design and yield issues. Significant cycle time savings have been achieved with the migration to this method of electrical stimulation for failure isolation.

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An optimised and standardised test to determine the presence of the protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0121 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Stanfield ◽

E. Carrington ◽

F. Albinet ◽

B. Compagnon ◽

N. Dumoutier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Immunomagnetic Separation ◽

Ferric Sulphate ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

New Methods ◽

European Water ◽

Conventional Analysis ◽

Time Savings ◽

Initial Recovery ◽

Microscopic Counting

With funding from the European Commission, a consortium of members of the European Water Research Institutes is carrying out a programme of work with the objective of optimising and standardising a method for determining the presence in water of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Each of the stages of the conventional analysis procedure (initial concentration, recoveryand identification and enumeration) are being investigated and the relative merits of existing and new methods are being assessed. Newly developed filters (Envirochek and Filta-Max) have been shown to be more efficient for initial recovery of (oo)cysts from water than the previously used Cuno cartridge filters. In addition, for the analysis of raw waters, flocculationwith ferric sulphate has been shown to give recoveries similar to the Envirochek and Filta Max. Modern purification systems such as immunomagnetic separation have also been assessed and found to offer some advantages over flotation although optimisation of the latter has brought improved efficiency. Preliminary assessment of solid phase cytometry has indicated that this technique could offer significant time savings compared to conventional microscopic counting. The results of the study will be used to propose a revised standard method to CEN.

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The Hard Sell

10.1093/oso/9780198783817.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Scott

Keyword(s):

Price Competition ◽

New Economy ◽

The United States ◽

Vacuum Cleaner ◽

Firm Level ◽

Direct Sales ◽

Cost Distribution ◽

Household Cleaning ◽

Time Savings ◽

Cleaning Methods

The vacuum cleaner was an archetypal new economy product of the early twentieth century. It offered both major time savings and qualitative advantages over previous household cleaning methods—the brush, broom, and manual carpet sweeper—and was sold in a novel way (by household demonstration). The direct sales techniques pioneered by vacuum manufacturers in the United States were to have a profound impact on the way vacuums were sold in Britain, and globally. Yet by 1939 their household diffusion was relatively slow compared to refrigerators or washing machines. This chapter explores why the industry evolved a structure based on high prices, high cost distribution methods (door-to-door sales), and a strong emphasis on non-price competition, based on differentiation through features. It also shows how door-to-door selling eventually came to constitute both a key firm-level competitive advantage and a substantial industry-level constraint on product diffusion.

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Effects of Dexmedetomidine as an Analgesic Adjuvant for Surgery of Femur Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000515788 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shan Deng ◽

Yonghao Yu

Keyword(s):

Femur Fracture ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sensory Block ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Rescue Analgesia ◽

Block Level ◽

Block Time ◽

Sedation Scores ◽

The Difference ◽

The Cochrane Library

Patients who undergo surgery of femur fracture suffer the excruciating pain. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a unique α2-adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties, whose efficacy and safety are still unclear for surgery of femur fracture. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of addition of DEX to general or local anesthesia in surgery of femur fracture were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database. Patients who received DEX infusion had a significant longer time to rescue analgesia compared with those without DEX coadministration. DEX treatment seemed to reduce the visual analog score; however, the significance did not reach any statistical difference. DEX as an analgesic adjuvant did not reduce the onset of sensory block time, shorten the time to achieve maximum sensory block level, and provide a longer duration of sensory block. The difference in mean sedation scores between 2 groups was not statistically significant. As for adverse effects, DEX therapy significantly increased the rate of hypotension. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine as a local anesthetic adjuvant in femur fracture surgery had a longer duration of rescue analgesia. However, the incidence of hypotension was markedly increased in these patients. It was worth noting that the evidence was of low to moderate quality.

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Using GTFS to Calculate Travel Time Savings Potential of Bus Preferential Treatments

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211009226 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110092

Author(s):

Daniel Arias ◽

Kara Todd ◽

Jennifer Krieger ◽

Spencer Maddox ◽

Pearse Haley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Planning Process ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Travel Time Savings ◽

Bus Lane ◽

Time Savings ◽

Bus Network ◽

Bus Networks ◽

Transit Agencies

Dedicated bus lanes and other transit priority treatments are a cost-effective way to improve transit speed and reliability. However, creating a bus lane can be a contentious process; it requires justification to the public and frequently entails competition for federal grants. In addition, more complex bus networks are likely to have unknown locations where transit priority infrastructure would provide high value to riders. This analysis presents a methodology for estimating the value of bus preferential treatments for all segments of a given bus network. It calculates the passenger-weighted travel time savings potential for each inter-stop segment based on schedule padding. The input data, ridership data, and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) trip-stop data are universally accessible to transit agencies. This study examines the 2018 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) bus network and identifies a portion of route 39 on Buford Highway as an example candidate for a bus lane corridor. The results are used to evaluate the value of time savings to passengers, operating cost savings to the agency, and other benefits that would result from implementing bus lanes on Buford Highway. This study does not extend to estimating the cost of transit priority infrastructure or recommending locations based on traffic flow characteristics. However, it does provide a reproducible methodology to estimate the value of transit priority treatments, and it identifies locations with high value, all using data that are readily available to transit agencies. Conducting this analysis provides a foundation for beginning the planning process for transit priority infrastructure.

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Surgical block time satisfaction: A multi-institutional experience across twelve surgical disciplines

Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management ◽

10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 100128

Author(s):

Pooja Yesantharao ◽

Erica Lee ◽

Franca Kraenzlin ◽

Sarah Persing ◽

Karan Chopra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Time ◽

Institutional Experience

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The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis

Transportation ◽

10.1007/s11116-021-10207-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jawaher Binsuwadan ◽

Gerard De Jong ◽

Richard Batley ◽

Phill Wheat

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Survey Respondent ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Marginal Rate ◽

Travel Time Savings ◽

Time Savings

AbstractThe value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is defined as the marginal rate of substitution between travel time and cost and may therefore differ across firms, time and countries. The paper aims to explain variations in the VFTTS by using the meta-analysis method. The analysis covers 106 monetary valuations extracted from 56 studies conducted from 1988 to 2018 in countries across the globe. The meta-analysis method determines the factors that have an impact on these VFTTS variations. The paper briefly introduces the VFTTS concept and describes the adopted meta-analysis methodology, wherein different meta-models are used in VFTTS estimations. The results highlight the necessity of including multiple explanatory variables to ensure adequate explanation of the VFTTS variations. The findings also show that GDP per capita, transport mode and type of survey respondent are statistically significant variables. The paper sheds some light on the variations, thereby advancing the understanding of each factor’s effects on the VFTTS. Furthermore, meta-model outcomes are used to generate new values of travel time savings for different transport modes in freight transport, for several countries. These implied VFTTS can be used as benchmarks to assess existing evidence or provide new evidence to countries where no such values exist.

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