FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF CRAFT BUSINESS IN BOGOR CITY

Bogor City has been the tourist destination for a long time, making this sector as the leading sector for the city. Tourism activities in Bogor City encourage the growth of creative industry especially craft business that reap the benefit through direct sales to the tourists as souvenirs. Many argue that unlike other industry in the economy, there are factors that influence the growth of creative industry beside factors of production. This study aims to identify factors that are significantly influencing the growth of craft business in Bogor City. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze data collected through interviews with 35 owners of craft business which randomly selected from the sample framework. The data obtained including (1) number of workers, (2) capital, (3) raw materials, (4) showroom ownership, (5) participation in exhibitions, (6) business permit ownership, (7) market orientation, and (8) production quantity. The first three data correspond with factors of production in classical economy, while the rest are related to the characteristics of creative-cultural industry. The result shows that none of the variables related to the classical economy factors of production are statistically significant in this model, instead the variables that are related to characteristics of creative-cultural industry are significant. Among other significant variables, participation in exhibition is the most significant variable in affecting the growth of craft business in Bogor City.

Microbiological, sensory, and physicochemical quality of curd cheeses originating from direct sales

Background and Aim: Curd cheeses are characteristic elements of the dairy assortment, mainly in Central and Eastern European countries, and constitute a numerous and diverse group of dairy products. The aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of curd cheeses available in marketplaces in Lublin, where they were purchased through direct sales from producers. Materials and Methods: The research material was household-produced curd cheese purchased 4 times (at 2-week intervals) from three producers. The physicochemical parameters (i.e., the total protein and fat content, active acidity, and titratable acidity) were determined in the cheeses. Microbiological assays were performed to evaluate the total number of bacteria (on milk agar), the number of yeasts and molds (on Sabouraud medium), and the number of coliform bacteria (on MacConkey medium). A general sensory evaluation was performed by a five-person panel, who assessed the appearance and color, texture, flavor, and aroma of the samples. Results: The cheeses exhibited significant differences in their protein and fat contents, but these values were within the allowable limits. Most of the evaluated cheeses had normal levels of active and titratable acidity; substantially lower titratable acidity and higher pH values were detected only in the samples from supplier A. The total number of bacteria in the curd cheese samples was high (3.2×108 colony-forming units [cfu]×g-1 cheese) and varied substantially (from 3.6×107 to 8.6×108 cfu×g-1). The growth of Gram-negative bacterial colonies on MacConkey medium was observed in the samples from suppliers B and C (5.5×103 and 1.7×104 cfu×g-1, respectively), which is an undesirable phenomenon. The number of colonies cultured on Sabouraud medium and identified as yeast-like microorganisms ranged from 1.8×104 (product from supplier A) to 4.9×105 cfu×g-1 (cheese from supplier C). The scores in the sensory evaluation of the tested curd cheeses were low. The highest mean scores were achieved for appearance and color (4.25-4.45 points). Conversely, flavor and aroma received the lowest score (3.17 points). The highest scores for both the overall assessment and each parameter separately were awarded to the curd cheese produced by supplier A. Conclusion: Our results suggest poor hygienic conditions during milk collection and processing, as well as during the distribution of these dairy products. Altogether, the purchase of products from direct sales may be associated with risks related to poor consumer health and food quality.

Research on Pricing Decision of Direct Sales Green Supply Chain Based on Consumers’ Valuation

Consumer’s valuation of merchandise is an important factor affecting consumer buying behavior. When the consumer’s valuation exceeds the price of product, the consumer generally makes a decision to purchase the product; conversely, when the consumer’s estimate is lower than the price of product, the consumer will usually refuse to buy the product. From the perspective of consumer product valuation, this study assumed that the consumer’s product valuation obeys a uniform distribution, and a novel consumer demand function was proposed. On this basis, we studied enterprises’ pricing decisions in the supply chain of green agricultural products and obtained the equilibrium prices and optimal profits of the enterprises in several different scenarios, including Vertical Nash game model (VNM), firm A Stackelberg game model (FASM), firm B Stackelberg game model (FBSM), and cooperative game model (CM). In addition, the influence of parameters, such as green level, green preference payment coefficient, and green cost on the optimal profit, was discussed based on game theory and numerical simulation analysis. It was found that equilibrium prices always existed in several different scenarios, and when consumer’s green preference payment coefficient was large enough, the optimal profit of firm B was greater than the optimal profit of firm A. Furthermore, in CM, the sum of optimal profit of firm A and optimal profit of firm B is maximum for four scenarios. Finally, in the three competitive scenarios, green level, green preference payment coefficient, and green cost, have a positive or negative effect on the optimal profits of firm A or firm B. The research conclusions of this study provided theoretical support for the decision-making of enterprises and related management departments.

Las habilidades blandas, clave del éxito en la formación de líderes digitales intermediarios de empresas comerciales multinivel

Debido a la pandemia registrada en el 2020, la economía mexicana fue afectada de forma total: tanto los negocios establecidos como los informales se vieron en la necesidad de cerrar sus puertas. Sin embargo, el mercadeo a través de internet generó una opción viable, principalmente para mujeres que han logrado establecer contacto de manera virtual y vincular, por una parte, la nueva cultura laboral con puntos de venta regionales y, ¿por qué no?, internacionales. Las habilidades tecnológicas van tomando auge en cuanto al mercado multinivel, de tal manera que podrá considerarse como una de las aportaciones en el tema de creatividad en la venta directa. El principal hallazgo que se encuentra en esta investigación preliminar es la ausencia de formación digital para interactuar con sus colaboradoras y clientes potenciales, así como innovar en el proceso de venta directa. AbstractDue to the pandemic registered in 2020, Mexican economies were completely affected: established as well as informal businesses were faced with the necessity to close their doors. Nevertheless, marketing through internet generated a viable option, mainly for women who have achieved to establish virtual contacts and link, on one hand, to a new work culture within regional point-of-sales and why not, within international sales. Technological skills are gathering momentum regarding multi-level marketing, so much so, that it could be considered as one of the contributions focused on the subject of creativity in direct sales. Our main finding within this preliminary research is the absence of digital development to interact with collaborators and potential customers as well as innovating direct sales processes.

Design and Planning of The Porang Supply Chain in South Sumatra

The length of the existing porang (Amorphopallus Muelleri B) supply chain is causing a problem on porang farmers in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to construct a P4S Karya Tani porang supply chain with two evaluation steps. First beginning, identify the potential demand for porang in South Sumatra from either the demand and supply perspective. Second, consider the challenges of maximizing market demand in the porang supply chain in South Sumatra. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a philosophical approach to supply chain management theory. Based on the discussion, P4S as evaluated the porang supply chain design, determining that small and large traders must be eliminated as intermediaries, allowing them to sell porang raw materials direct to consumers and agro-industry enterprises that export porang. All elements, including that of the local government, Sriwijaya University, the corporate sector, and banking institutions, should be involved in the P4S porang supply chain planning. This collaboration is crucial in order to connect and transform the paradigm of direct sales to consumers, enabling P4S porang farmers to sell to the nearest consumer, PT PIP in South Lampung, via a contract farming system.

Relational goods and direct purchase from farmers: estimating the value of the relationship between consumers and producers

Personal relationships can affect economic life, more importantly in alternative food networks. Estimating the value of enjoyment of the relational good produced by consumers’ personal relationship in direct sales from farmers is important to assess how much personal interactions can affect food purchases. We employ different stated preferences models to estimate from a consumer survey in open-air markets in four towns in Italy the value consumers buying directly from farmers attach to their particular choice of a specific vendor. Contingent on the chosen model, the average value of the personal relationship is 13.5-24.4% of their expenditure for fruits and vegetables.

Marketing Planning “Pineapple Drink” Innovation of Subang Honey Pineapple Processed Drink

Background - The people’s need is for healthy, fresh, safe, and very high-quality drinks. PT Limatra designs and manages the pineapple beverage product business with various variants. PT Limatra provides pineapple juice product that are packaged from pineapple essence close to 100% without the addition of preservatives. With 100% pineapple juice content, of course, it has a high vitamin C content as well. With Ultra High Temperature (UHT) technology in the service industry and the use of aseptic paper packs, it can produce good quality fruit juice products, maintain fruit freshness, and have relatively long product durability. By looking at consumer needs, PT Limatra provides solution, namely : (1) providing pineapple juice products with variants of flavors (a mixture of apple, mango, and orange); (2) providing pineapple juice products using aseptic paper pack packaging technology; (3) use UHT technology to maintain product freshness and durability; (4) product that provide 100% pure fruit juice with no added formula. To run a business, really requires sales planning. This journal will direct sales planning regarding target consumers, terget markets, and about sales targets that will ensure this business is sustainable. Method – Using STP and 7P’S marketing mix. Result – The results of this analysis can help business marketing strategies in the packaged fruit juice beverage industry. Keywords: Marketing planning, Innovation, Pineapple drink.

To Study the Role of E-Commerce to Sustain Agripreneres

India is called as Agrarian country as many people dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of economic system. The agricultural sector contribution is majorly increasing to marketable surplus. The durable products like rice, pulses, cereals ,legume , spices, tobacco, coffee, etc. are being marketed through online. Nearly 50 E commerce websites are promoting technology as well as agri products. Agri-Commerce constitutes a good market in business world. COVID -19 an outbreak of a pandemic disease. The entire world faces this pandemic in unified isolation. It is badly affected to marketing of agricultural products due to lockdown. Logistic system is stopped to avoid the spreading of corona. All business partners and retailers are shutting their entrance doors around the world and encouraging their customers to shop online instead of direct sales. Perishable goods like Fruits and Flowers market has significantly affected. Mango fruit- juice Manufacturing Market has also been significantly impacted. This paper is exploring the problems faced by mango business people during covid age in prakasam dt and identifying a solution of to this problem by creating the information system (IS) which is formal and user friendly. An organized system can be designed to collect, process, store, and distribute seasonal fruits with good quality for consumers at easy delivery and at low prices. ANOVA and Literature Survey Method are mainly used to reach the objectives.

Research on the Selection of Supply Chain Marketing Models Based on E-commerce Service Levels

Based on the game theory, the service sensitivity coefficient is introduced to construct four marketing game models, which include a single flagship store, a single self-operated store, a direct sales-flagship store, and a direct sales-self-operated store, in combination with numerical analysis methods to analyze manufacturers and e-commerce platforms in different situations. The study found that the service levels affected the profit of each entity in the supply chain. The service levels of self-operated stores were higher than those of the flagship stores, and the opening of direct sales channels had a stimulating effect on the service levels of e-commerce platforms to a certain extent. In consideration of the service levels and the ability to build direct sales channels, the direct sales-flagship store marketing model is the best choice for manufacturers whereas e-commerce platforms are more inclined to open self-operated stores. However, the opening of manufacturers’ direct sales channels is not necessarily beneficial to e-commerce platforms.

Digitalisation in times of COVID-19 - the behavioural shifts in enterprises and individuals in the Sector of Bioeconomy

Although our daily life within a modern society is unimaginable without the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), the COVID-19 crisis really highlighted the ways we can maximise the use of digital technologies in optimising our work in distance working conditions with limited ability to contact each other physically, make direct sales and ensure the physical document rotation. All these limitations have pushed the governmental organisations, enterprises, and households to utilize numerous means of digital services and digital transformation aspects that had been started to be used, but the last year has rapidly pushed forward such aspects of digitalisation as digital sales, distance work using co-working platforms and cloud storage, electronic signature of documents and others. This study aims to assess the trends in online sales and use of e-tools from the perspective of enterprises and individuals in Europe in the sector of bioeconomy with the focus of the Baltic States and Latvia that could be used to strengthen the digitalisation component during and post COVID-19. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the scientific literature, policy planning documents, analysed relevant statistical data, performed statistical analysis, and estimated the tendency of the use of eSignatures in Latvia by applying the Holt's two-parameter model of exponential smoothing. The main results indicate a significant increase in motivation towards digitalisation that has increased rapidly in line with the necessity for an online shopping and distance work setting. Authors suggest supporting this tendency also in the after-COVID life, which would have a great impact on the overall digital transformation and potential to unlock new markets for bio-based products.