Determination of the Critical Diameter of Explosive Materials

ARS Journal ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1060-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRVING JAFFE ◽  
DONNA PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Explosive Materials

Determination of Intrinsic Magnetic Parameters of SmCo5 Phase in Sintered Samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Flavio de Campos ◽  
Fernando José Gomes Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Domain Theory ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Parameters

SmCo5 magnets are usually produced by powder metallurgy route, including milling, compaction and orientation under magnetic field, sintering and heat treatment. The samples produced by powder metallurgy, with grain size around 10 μm, are ideal for determination of intrinsic parameters. The first step for determination of intrinsic magnetic parameters is obtaining images of domain structure in demagnetized samples. In the present study, the domain images were produced by means of Kerr effect, in a optical microscope. After the test of several etchings, Nital appears as the most appropriate for observation of magnetic domains by Kerr effect. Applying Stereology and Domain Theory, several intrinsic parameters of SmCo5 phase were determined: domain wall energy 120 erg/cm2, critical diameter for single domain particle size 2 μm and domain wall thickness 60 Å. In the case of SmCo5, and also other phases with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Domain Theory presents several advantages when compared with Micromagnetics.

Determination of normal flame velocity and critical diameter of flame extinction in ammonia-air mixture

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Zakaznov ◽  
L. A. Kursheva ◽  
Z. I. Fedina
Keyword(s):  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
Flame Extinction ◽  
Normal Flame ◽  
Normal Flame Velocity

Optical Characterization and Defect inspection for 3D stacked IC technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 000630-000634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Fresquet ◽  
Jean-Philippe Piel
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Silicon Thickness ◽  
Wafer Thinning

Advanced packaging technologies are rapidly evolving and 3D architectures requires new inspection and metrology techniques. Existing techniques need to be improved but new techniques must be developed to address new challenges induced by the last fabrication processes. To increase the development speed, it is a big advantage that metrology and defect inspection need to be present on the same platform and a flexible tool, with multi sensors, to be more versatile facing the different step of the process will be presented in this paper As 3D IC devices utilize TSVs for direct interconnect, the depth, top and bottom CD (critical diameter) of such TSVs with a diameter as small as 5 μm with a high aspect ratio is characterized. During wafer temporary bounding, which is an handling technique that allows wafer thinning with a thickness of less than 100 μm, by selecting the most sensitive sensor, determination of the thickness of each layer of the stack could be determined at the same time: silicon substrate, thin glue layer of few microns only and carrier which could be silicon or glass. After back-side processing and wafer thinning, the determination of the remaining silicon thickness (RST) below the TSV could be determined. Moreover back side roughness after grinding is also determined. After wafer thinning process, the TSVs are revealed at the back side of the wafer, leaving to appear copper pillars. The pillars height and co-planarity measurements are then addressed. Post CMP process control will be addressed by full field interferometry especially prior Copper to Copper direct bonding. Concerning the defect inspection, the NIR microscopy is used to control die to wafer stacking process, to reveal voids in the glue and cracks on the grinded silicon substrate. In this paper, we will present fast and nondestructive optical sensors based on low coherence infrared and white light interferometry and spectrometry techniques. These different sensors mounted on the same tool allow characterizing specifically and with an excellent sensitivity the different process steps described above. Concerning the defect inspections, techniques based on infrared microscopy and images techniques processing will be detailed and results will be presented to illustrate the possibilities of this inspection by microscopy.

scholarly journals Determination of threats traceability in the use of explosive materials in different environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 12029
Author(s):  
Gabriel Vasilescu ◽  
Robert Laszlo ◽  
Attila Kovacs ◽  
Ilie Ciprian Jitea ◽  
Daniela Rus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Mobility ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Explosive Materials ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Specialized Equipment

The paper presents the results of the theoretical and practical research on the detection and examination of the threat traces taken from samples of explosive substances from experimental attempts on explosive materials in various working environments. The use of I-SCAN LSD high-performance specialized equipment that has been purchased within the project, has enabled the detection and examination of small amounts of low volatility organic substances on the basis of ion mobility spectrometry as a result of explosive testing at different locations at the level of the industrial site within the INSEMEX Polygon and quantifying the degree of contamination of contaminated objects.

Method for the Determination of the Critical Diameter of High Velocity Detonation by conical geometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Badners ◽  
Carl-Otto Leiber
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Critical Diameter

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

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