Proposed System for the Direct Conversion of Re-Entry Thermal Energry Into Electric Energy

Thermoelectric effects can be used for direct conversion of heat into electricity using a solid-state device. We describe novel metal/semiconductor nanostructured materials where the heat and charge transport are modified at the atomic level. Hot electron filtering using heterostructure barriers is used to break the trade off between high Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity. Embedded ErAs nanoparticles are used to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity without significant effect on electrical conductivity. The thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of ErAs:InGaAlAs alloys are characterized. The measured ZT is ∼1 at high temperatures 650 K. Integrated circuit fabrication techniques are used to transfer the n- and p-type thin films onto AlN plates and power generation modules are made with hundreds of thin film elements. An output power density >1W/cm2 is demonstrated at an external temperature difference of 120K across the module. Finally, the prospect of other metal semiconductor multilayer structures based on TiN/GaN for high temperature operation will be briefly reviewed.

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Improvement of piston engine operation efficiency by direct conversion of the heat of exhaust gases into electric energy

High Temperature ◽

10.1134/s0018151x16010053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. I. Leontiev ◽

R. Z. Kavtaradze ◽

D. O. Onishchenko ◽

A. S. Golosov ◽

S. A. Pankratov

Keyword(s):

Electric Energy ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Piston Engine ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

Operation Efficiency

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Use of the Magnetostatic Analogue In Electromagnetic Lens Engineering

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068795 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 360-361

Author(s):

John W. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

High Performance ◽

Force Fields ◽

Optical Design ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Design Engineering ◽

Design Data ◽

Scalar Potentials ◽

Geometric Elements ◽

At Will

In the design engineering of high performance electromagnetic lenses, the direct conversion of electron optical design data into drawings for reliable hardware is oftentimes difficult, especially in terms of how to mount parts to each other, how to tolerance dimensions, and how to specify finishes. An answer to this is in the use of magnetostatic analytics, corresponding to boundary conditions for the optical design. With such models, the magnetostatic force on a test pole along the axis may be examined, and in this way one may obtain priority listings for holding dimensions, relieving stresses, etc..The development of magnetostatic models most easily proceeds from the derivation of scalar potentials of separate geometric elements. These potentials can then be conbined at will because of the superposition characteristic of conservative force fields.

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Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc06087a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (88) ◽

pp. 13611-13614

Author(s):

Jialu Wang ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

Guozhong Wang ◽

Yunxia Zhang ◽

Haimin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Value Added ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

New Type

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).

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Thermal/electric energy generation and CO2 production for greenhouse facilities

Power and Autonomous equipment ◽

10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-141-151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 141-151

Author(s):

O. E. Gnezdova ◽

E. S. Chugunkova

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Power Plants ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽

Electricity Rates ◽

Traditional Patterns ◽

Generation Power

Introduction: greenhouses need microclimate control systems to grow agricultural crops. The method of carbon dioxide injection, which is currently used by agricultural companies, causes particular problems. Co-generation power plants may boost the greenhouse efficiency, as they are capable of producing electric energy, heat and cold, as well as carbon dioxide designated for greenhouse plants.Methods: the co-authors provide their estimates of the future gas/electricity rates growth in the short term; they have made a breakdown of the costs of greenhouse products, and they have also compiled the diagrams describing electricity consumption in case of traditional and non-traditional patterns of power supply; they also provide a power distribution pattern typical for greenhouse businesses, as well as the structure and the principle of operation of a co-generation unit used by a greenhouse facility.Results and discussion: the co-authors highlight the strengths of co-generation units used by greenhouse facilities. They have also identified the biological features of carbon dioxide generation and consumption, and they have listed the consequences of using carbon dioxide to enrich vegetable crops.Conclusion: the co-authors have formulated the expediency of using co-generation power plants as part of power generation facilities that serve greenhouses.

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ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-7-8-51-55 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

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