Abolition of Slavery, Human Trafficking and Forced Labour Pespectives of International Law and Islamic Law – the Libya of the Post-Gaddafi Regime as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Adesola Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Political Turmoil

Slavery, human trafficking and forced labour are anti-human and unacceptable practices that cut across cultures, nationalities, and dogmas, while taking on different dimensions. International law, Islamic law and various national laws have declared these practices illegal within their respective legal frameworks. However, owing to factors associated particularly with internationalism, including weak enforcement mechanisms, these practices have continued unabated around the world. The practices have taken on a new dimension in Libya because of the political turmoil in that country. This has opened doors for the transnational mafia to engage in the practices and has effectively made African youths easy prey. As a Muslim majority country, Libya is a member of the United Nations Organisation and Pan-African, Islamic and Arab organisations. It is therefore bound by the relevant laws of these international organisations aimed at eliminating the menace of slavery, human trafficking and forced labour that had become established practices in the country. If Libya has remained politically unsettled, it is necessary to ask the question: Can these international and Islamic norms be enforced? This article attempts to explore the historical background of slavery in Africa and its abolition through the instruments of both modern international law and Islamic law. It is also an attempt to contextualise Libya within the theoretical frameworks of those principles and their application in a country that is faced with challenges associated with the breakdown of law and order.

The labour exploitation continuum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Scott
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter outlines the various forms of labour exploitation that exist. At the extreme end of the ‘continuum’ there is worker fatality both at work and through work. There are then extreme forms of non-fatal harm, including: chattel slavery; modern slavery; forced labour; human trafficking; and child labour. All of these extremes have criminal–legal frameworks associated with them that are designed to minimise their prevalence. Often, however, these criminal–legal frameworks are either inadequate or are not enforced, and so extreme forms of exploitation and harm go unpunished. Moreover, a great deal of exploitation and harm, as argued in the introduction, goes on above these criminal–legal baseline definitions. This book, is particularly interested in the labour exploitation continuum that includes, but is certainly not limited to, illegal employer practice.

scholarly journals Sex Trafficking at the Border: An Exploration of Anti-Trafficking Efforts in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Norfolk ◽  
Helga Hallgrimsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The prevalence of human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour in the Pacific Northwest has been well documented in recent years. This paper focuses specifically on trafficking for sex work across the British Columbia and Washington State border and seeks to determine whether the border is an effective instrument or tool for the identification and intervention of human trafficking for sex work. We provide an exploration of the legal frameworks and policies on either side of the border and offer an analysis of the cross-border anti-trafficking efforts carried out at the borderlands. The paper concludes that current mechanisms fail to appropriately address and combat the issue of cross-border sex trafficking for several reasons, including the following: a lack of uniform definitions of sex trafficking; the conflation of migrant sex work and sex trafficking, leading to misidentification at the border; and an emphasis on border security measures over victim support. Recommendations for enhanced responses are provided.

scholarly journals Trapped at Sea. Using the Legal and Regulatory Framework to Prevent and Combat the Trafficking of Seafarers and Fishers.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Surtees
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Two Sectors

The breadth and diversity of trafficking for forced labour has become increasingly recognised over the past several years, including heightened attention to human trafficking within the seafaring and commercial fishing industries. Not only are these sectors where trafficking abuse can and does take place, but there are also aspects of these sectors that may lend themselves particularly to human trafficking abuses due to the nature of this form of trafficking as well as the legal and regulatory framework in place. The article begins by framing what constitutes trafficking at sea, both in the commercial fishing sector and in the merchant fleet and then presents the legal and regulatory framework to combat trafficking at sea – namely, international anti-trafficking law, international maritime law and the international law of the sea. The article then considers the “three P paradigm” of anti-trafficking (that is, prevention, protection and prosecution) and how improved policies, regulation and legislation (and, as importantly, enforcement) in these areas have the potential to contribute to an improved situation for seafarers and fishers—to both prevent and combat trafficking in commercial fishing and the merchant fleet, while also noting differences between the two sectors. The analysis also draws on the perspective and experiences of men trafficked in the seafaring and commercial fishing sectors to firmly situate the discussion in the practical realm and articulate what, in concrete terms, can be done to effectively prevent and combat trafficking of seafarers and fishers.

scholarly journals HUMAN TRAFFICKING: THE INTERNATIONAL, MALAYSIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND SHARIAH PERSPECTIVES

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuraini Ab Hamid ◽  
Khairil Azmin Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Modern Day Slavery

Slavery and forced labour have been accepted to be against humanity. These practices are expressly prohibited by the Federal Constitution in Malaysia. Although the prohibition of human trafficking is not expressly mentioned in the Constitution, it could be regarded as one of the most heinous crimes according to the letter, intent and spirit of the constitution. This is related to the fact that human trafficking is much associated with modern day slavery and therefore is against the ideology of the Malaysian nation and acceptable norms of the international community and Islamic law and Shariah values. The paper will explore the available international human rights and the laws governing human trafficking in Malaysia. The research is based on the current situation and cases of human trafficking in Malaysia. By understanding and observing these, it will help to conclude that trafficking has violated human rights and governing laws in Malaysia. The paper also looks at Islamic law perspectives on human trafficking, and to a certain extent, the stand taken by Muslim countries on the issue. The paper is mainly a conceptual and doctrinal discussion combined with critical legal analysis of certain laws in Malaysia. It will also involve some comparative elements with some Muslim countries where necessary.ABSTRAKPerhambaan dan buruh paksaan adalah bertentangan dengan peri kemanusiaan oleh masyarakat seluruh dunia. Amalan-amalan tersebut adalah jelas dilarang dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Walaupun larangan penyeludupan manusia tidak dinyatakan dengan bertulis dalam Perlembagaan, perbuatan tersebut dianggap sebagai salah satu jenayah yang paling kejam berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang tersurat, yang tersirat, dan juga dengan semangat perlembagaan. Tanggapan tersebut berkait rapat dengan fakta bahawa penyeludupan manusia berhubung-kait dengan perhambaan zaman moden, maka dengan itu penyeludupan manusia adalah bersalahan dengan ideologi negara Malaysia, dan juga bertentangan norma-norma masyarakat antarabangsa, dan juga dengan undang-undang Islam dan prinsip Syariah. Dalam artikel ini pemeriksaan dibuat terhadap undang-undang hak asasi manusia antarabangsa yang sedia ada dan undang-undang Malaysia yang berkaitan dengan jenayah penyeludupan manusia. Penyelidikan dalam artikel ini mengambil kira isuisu semasa dan kes-kes perdagangan manusia di Malaysia. Pemahaman dan pemerhatian tersebut akan membantu untuk membuat kesimpulan bahawa penyeludupan manusia adalah melanggar hak asasi manusia dan undang-undang di Malaysia. Artikel ini juga mengambil kira perspektif undang-undang Islam terhadap perdagangan manusia, dan seboleh mungkin memuatkan perbincangan mengenai pendirian yang diambil oleh negara-negara Islam mengenai isu ini. Penulisan ini merupakan satu perbincangan konseptual dan doktrinal dan digabungkan dengan analisis kritikal undangundang yang berkaitan di Malaysia. Ia juga akan mengandungi elemen perbandingan dengan merujuk kepada beberapa buah negara Islam.

scholarly journals Securing the Prohibition of Labour Exploitation in Law and Practice: Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking in Italy, Spain and the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
Paola Cavanna ◽  
Ana Belén Valverde Cano ◽  
Amy Weatherburn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
European Law ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Global Agenda

The fight against contemporary forms of slavery is a top priority in the current global agenda. This article reviews and assesses the domestic diversity of labour exploitation regulation. In part 1, the article reviews the concept of labour exploitation in international and European law, whilst part 2 provides an overview of three legal frameworks - Italy, Spain and the UK. A comparative analysis considers the extent to which these countries implement international legal obligations both in law and practice. Finally, the article seeks to promote cross-fertilisation of experiences and dialogue among legal practitioners, both domestically and between different countries.

HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN LUAR NEGERI PASCA REFORMAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Salma
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Scientific Fields

The development of Islamic law studies in Indonesia is increasingly interesting to follow. the use of a multidisciplinary approach to Islamic sciences, making the science of Islamic law not only a normative-theological analysis but also integrated with many scientific fields both in the sciences and the humanities. Contemporary global issues require observers and Islamic law reviewers to seriously review Islamic law in depth, one of the global issues that is currently interesting and has become a topic of discussion among many is the issue of the protection of human rights. Human rights formulation in international law cannot be separated from the issue of foreign policy. This paper will conduct a theoretical study of how the concept of Islamic Law itself protects human rights and how it relates to its relationship with post-reform foreign policy. This paper uses a comparative study between legislation and texts (verses) both in the Koran and the hadith, a comparative-critical analysis method makes it easier for the author to find substance in terms of answering the problem statement in this study. The results or conclusions obtained are that human rights are a reflection of carrying out Islamic law in order to realize the nature of universal human benefit. Islam considers that human rights are in accordance with sharia principles, namely protecting one's right to life. This is a strong basis for the study of Islamic law in contributing to the development of human rights principles in the international communityKeywords: Islamic Law, Human Rights, Globalization, International LawPerkembangan kajian hukum Islam di Indonesia makin menarik untuk diikuti. penggunaan pendekatan multidisipliner ilmu-ilmu keislaman, membuat ilmu hukum Islam tidak hanya bersifat normatif-teologis analisanya tapi sudah terintegrasi dengan banyak bidang keilmuan baik ilmu-ilmu sains maupun humaniora. Isu-isu global yang sifatnya kontemporer mengharuskan para pengamat dan pengkaji hukum Islam untuk serius melakukan telaah ulang terhadap ilmu hukum Islam secara mendalam, salah satu isu global yang saat ini menarik dan menjadi perbincangan banyak kalangan adalah soal perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Rumusan HAM dalam hukum internasional tidak bisa dilepaskan dengan persoalan politik luar negeri. Tulisan ini akan melakukan kajian teoritik tentang bagaimana konsep Hukum Islam itu sendiri terhadap perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan bagaimana pula terkait hubungannya dengan politik luar negeri pasca reformasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan studi komparatif antara perundangundangan dengan teks (ayat) baik itu di dalam Al-Quran maupun hadits, metode analisis-kritis komparatif memudahkan penulis menemukan substansi dalam hal untuk menjawab rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Hasil atau kesimpulan yang didapat adalah HAM adalah refleksi untuk menjalankan syariat Islam demi mewujudkan hakikat kemaslahatan manusia secara universal. Islam memandang bahwa HAM sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah yakni melindungi hak hidup seseorang. Hal ini merupakan dasar yang kuat untuk kajian hukum Islam dalam memberikan kontribusi pada perkembangan prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia di dalam masyarakat internasional.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Hak Asasi Manusia, Globalisasi, Hukum Internasional

Forensic Evidence in Proving Crimes: Exploring the Legal Frameworks of Sharīʿah Bukti Forensik Bagi Membuktikan Jenayah: Menerokai Rangka Kerja Guaman Sharīʿah

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-247
Author(s):  
Sayyid Mohammad Yunus Gilani ◽  
K. M. Zakir Hossain Shalim
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Method ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Legal Frameworks

AbstractForensic evidence is an evolving science in the field of criminal investigation and prosecutions. It has been widely used in the administration of justice in the courts and the Western legal system, particularly in common law. To accommodate this new method of evidence in Islamic law, this article firstly, conceptualizes forensic evidence in Islamic law.  Secondly, explores legal frameworks for its adoption in Islamic law. Keywords: Forensic Evidence, legal framework, Criminal Investigation, Sharīʿah.AbstrakBukti forensik adalah sains yang sentiasa berkembang dalam bidang siasatan jenayah dan pendakwaan. Ia telah digunakan secara meluas dalam pentadbiran keadilan di mahkamah dan sistem undang-undang Barat, terutamanya dalam undang-undang common (common law). Untuk menampung kaedah pembuktian baru ini dalam undang-undang Islam, artikel ini, pertamanya, konseptualisasikan bukti forensik dalam undang-undang Islam. Kedua, ia menerokai rangka kerja undang-undang untuk penerimaannya dalam undang-undang Islam.Kata Kunci: Bukti Forensik, Rangka Kerja Guaman, Siasatan Jenayah, Sharīʿah.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

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