Disjunctive Inclusions in Arabic as Spoken Language: Grammatical Constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Al-Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Natural Forms

Linguistic inclusions are natural forms of communicative competence, usually used for illocutionary or confirmative purposes. This paper focuses on disjunctions and their semantic and syntactic features. The usage of disjunctions cannot be treated as a coincidental issue, therefore much detailed study could bring more information. This study is based on a collected set of utterances and conversational analysis, including the most common Arabic disjunctions. Results are presented in tables with relevant comments. Cultural conditions must be considered since many of the Arabic inclusions are ritualistic phrases. In addition, dialectal divergences constitute semantic incoherence. In Arabic as spoken language, many grammatical restrictions depend on disjunction and its role in a phrase.

How Old Do You Think I Am? Speech-Language Predictors of Perceived Age and Communicative Competence

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2455-2472
Author(s):  
Jean K. Gordon ◽  
Kim Andersen ◽  
Gabriella Perez ◽  
Eileen Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Spoken language serves as a primary means of social interaction, but speech and language skills change with age, a potential source of age-related stereotyping. The goals of this study were to examine how accurately age could be estimated from language samples, to determine which speech and language cues were most informative, and to assess the impact of perceived age on judgments of the speakers' communication skills. Method We analyzed narratives from 84 speakers aged 30–89 years to identify age-related differences and compared these differences to factors affecting perceptions of age and communicative competence. Three groups of raters estimated the speakers' ages and judged the quality of their communication: 44 listeners listened to audio-recorded narratives, 51 readers read transcripts of the narratives, and 24 voice raters listened to 10-s samples of speech extracted from one of the narratives. Results Older speakers spoke more slowly but showed minimal linguistic differences compared to younger speakers. Speakers' ages were estimated quite accurately, even from 10-s samples. Estimates were largely based on cues available in the acoustic signal—speech rate and vocal characteristics—so listeners were more accurate than readers. However, an overreliance on these cues also contributed to overestimates of speakers' ages. Communication ratings were not strongly related to perceived age but were influenced by various aspects of speech and language. In particular, speakers who produced longer narratives and spoke more quickly were judged to be better communicators. Conclusion Speakers tend to be judged on relatively superficial aspects of spoken language, in part because age-related change is most evident at these levels. Implications of these findings for age-related theories of stereotyping and speech-language intervention are discussed.

scholarly journals Multilingualism and Multiculturalism Impact on Shaping Oral Literacy and Communicative Competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Norizan Abdul Razak ◽  
Nur Fadhila Binti Ahmad ◽  
Nabila Binti Suhaimi ◽  
Khairun Nadrah Binti Saidin ◽  
Abdul Azim Bin Mahda
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Strategic Competence ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
Sociolinguistic Competence

This study was conducted to investigate on how does the multilingual and multicultural factor affect an individual oral literacy by conducting an interview session and correspondingly examine the features of the conversation from the interview session through a conversational analysis method. The purpose of the study is to have a better understanding of the strategies involved during the learning and acquisition process, the peers and surroundings of the participants, the elements of multiculturalism and multilingualism exhibited in the case of study. The studies show a different strategy was adopted in order to achieve the communicative competence as suggested by Canale and Swain (1980). The results shows that the learners achieved the communicative competence by recognizing the specific structure and features of the language (grammatical competence), understanding the historical background of the ethnicity belong to the language (sociolinguistic competence), practicing the languages ( strategic competence) and understanding the language coherent by listening (discourse competence).

scholarly journals Brushing up your listening skills checklist

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Nadja Maria Santos Soares ◽  
Simone Silveira Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Listening Strategies

This article aims at sharing some ideas concerning listening strategies focusing on reducing the burden listening comprehension may cause. It is a project developedwith pre-intermediate students and its primary goal was to engage learners into mastering listening strategies by combining as many sub-skills as possible in order to succeed. By delving into authors like Beare; Celce-Murcia; Ur; White; among others we have created a listening checklist to raise their perceptions towards what they had to pay attention to in order to make the best of the listening and as a result, successfully process spoken language and improve their communicative competence.

scholarly journals When Church Slavonic meets Latin. Tradition vs. innovation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Springfeld Tomelleri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Syntactic Features

The paper deals with a late Church Slavonic translation form medieval Latin, Bruno’s commented Psalter (Expositio Psalmorum), whose authoris a well-known translator (Dmitrij Gerasimov) and which can belocalized chronologically as well as spatially (middle of the 16th century, Novgorod). Our aim is to compare some syntactic features of the translation, oscillating between the preservation of construction sinherited from the written tradition, based on the Greek model, and the need of rendering in an appropriate way some peculiarities of Latin morpho-syntax.The coexistence of old and new patters will be presented and diachronically analyzed, with reference to previous translations from Latin, in order to show the both conservative and innovative character of Church Slavonic, a language different but still closely linked to the spoken language.

The clarification request as a feature of adult interactive styles with young children

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Corsaro
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
And Function ◽  
Clarification Request

AbstractThe analysis of videotaped naturally occurring adult—child interaction led to the isolation of the clarification request as a consistent feature of adult interactive styles. The analysis of the form and function of adult clarification requests demonstrated the importance of the interactive demands adults encounter when interacting with young children. The nature of these interactive demands and how adults deal with them are discussed in regard to Cicourel's (1970) notion of interpretive procedures. Finally, a discussion of the possible effects of adult interactive style on the child's development of communicative competence is presented. (Developmental sociolinguistics, conversational analysis, adult—child interaction, US English.)

scholarly journals THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF PROMOTIONAL LANGUAGE IN BOOK BLURBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (48) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Milica Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Linguistics

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the syntactic level of promotional language in fiction and academic book blurbs. The overall research objective was to identify salient syntactic features and investigate the similarities and differences in the realization of this text-in-ternal aspect of thriller, romance, and linguistics blurbs in English. The analysis shows that their formulaic language exhibits genre-specific patterns and form-function correlations in its syntactic complexity. In order to provide a positive description of a book, blurb writers regularly employ structural parallelism, ellipsis, complex phrases with multiple modification, phrasal and clausal embedding, coordination, and other means of structural reduction. However, individual instantiations also display systematic variability in text-length values and frequency of salient features, with fiction blurbs mainly replicating the conciseness of spoken language and academic blurbs closely resembling formal written language. We conclude that the generic integrity of these texts involves a degree of controlled flexibility at the syntactic level depending on the book type/genre as the defining variable. Additionally, the research confirms that the study of linguistic profiles of genres is funda- mentally important for the study of language use, both from a theoretical and applied perspective. The increasing ‘generification’ of contemporary language, and particularly English as the global lingua franca, requires the adoption of a multidimensional genre-based framework in investigating the complex linguistic realities of the 21st century.

Teaching Partners to Support Communication for Adults with Acquired Communication Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Ball ◽  
Joanne Lasker
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Communication Impairment ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
End Of Life Communication ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract For adults with acquired communication impairment, particularly those who have communication disorders associated with stroke or neurodegenerative disease, communication partners play an important role in establishing and maintaining communicative competence. In this paper, we assemble some evidence on this topic and integrate it with current preferred practice patterns (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004). Our goals are to help speech-language pathologists (SLPs) identify and describe partner-based communication strategies for adults with acquired impairment, implement evidence-based approaches for teaching strategies to communication partners, and employ a Personnel Framework (Binger et al., 2012) to clarify partners? roles in acquiring and supporting communication tools for individuals with acquired impairments. We offer specific guidance about AAC techniques and message selection for communication partners involved with chronic, degenerative, and end of life communication. We discuss research and provide examples of communication partner supports for person(s) with aphasia and person(s) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who have complex communication needs.

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