scholarly journals When Church Slavonic meets Latin. Tradition vs. innovation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Springfeld Tomelleri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Syntactic Features

The paper deals with a late Church Slavonic translation form medieval Latin, Bruno’s commented Psalter (Expositio Psalmorum), whose authoris a well-known translator (Dmitrij Gerasimov) and which can belocalized chronologically as well as spatially (middle of the 16th century, Novgorod). Our aim is to compare some syntactic features of the translation, oscillating between the preservation of construction sinherited from the written tradition, based on the Greek model, and the need of rendering in an appropriate way some peculiarities of Latin morpho-syntax.The coexistence of old and new patters will be presented and diachronically analyzed, with reference to previous translations from Latin, in order to show the both conservative and innovative character of Church Slavonic, a language different but still closely linked to the spoken language.

More's usage of Latin verbal predicates: the particular case of fio

Moreana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Number 211) (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Concepción Cabrillana
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Poetic Text

This article addresses Thomas More's use of an especially complex Latin predicate, fio, as a means of examining the degree of classicism in this aspect of his writing. To this end, the main lexical-semantic and syntactic features of the verb in Classical Latin are presented, and a comparative review is made of More's use of the predicate—and also its use in texts contemporaneous to More, as well as in Late and Medieval Latin—in both prose and poetry. The analysis shows that he works within a general framework of classicism, although he introduces some of his own idiosyncrasies, these essentially relating to the meaning of the verb that he employs in a preferential way and to the variety of verbal forms that occur in his poetic text.

Disjunctive Inclusions in Arabic as Spoken Language: Grammatical Constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Al-Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Natural Forms

Linguistic inclusions are natural forms of communicative competence, usually used for illocutionary or confirmative purposes. This paper focuses on disjunctions and their semantic and syntactic features. The usage of disjunctions cannot be treated as a coincidental issue, therefore much detailed study could bring more information. This study is based on a collected set of utterances and conversational analysis, including the most common Arabic disjunctions. Results are presented in tables with relevant comments. Cultural conditions must be considered since many of the Arabic inclusions are ritualistic phrases. In addition, dialectal divergences constitute semantic incoherence. In Arabic as spoken language, many grammatical restrictions depend on disjunction and its role in a phrase.

Nebrija y las gramáticas del español en el siglo de oro

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
José Luis Girón Alconchel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Linguistics

Summary This article is intended as a contribution to the history of Spanish grammar of the 16th and 17th centures. It has two parts. In the first the author places grammar studies within the framework of Spanish linguistics of the Renaissance; in the second, he delineates their evolution with reference to Latin grammar and the teaching Spanish as a foreign language. It is well known that nationalism and the intention to establish the literary foundations of the language are the most important agents of grammatical studies during the Renaissance; yet, attention must also be paid to the rupture of medieval Latin-Romance bilingualism, to the new intellectual paradigm in which rhetorics substitutes for syllogism, and to the influence of Erasmus. The grammar of the troubadours and Latin grammar – medieval and humanist – evoke an interest in developing grammars of Romance languages; it made the appearance of Nebrija possible. In his grammar of Spanish we may stress its capacity to be a grammar for foreigners and the value of this document for the history of Spanish. Spanish grammar writing of the 16th century is dominated by Nebrija; is strong presence is evident with the critical reception Villalon and Valdes give to his work. In the 17th century the work of Sanctius initiates a rationalism which favours pedagogical methodology and linguistic nationalism. Jimenez Paton, Correas and Caramuel are the most important authors of that period. With an exemplary linguistic realism Correas applies Sanctius’ theory of the elipsis to Spanish, and he recognizes the singularity of Spanish grammar in contrast to that of Latin. The grammars written for foreigners in the 17th century are at the height of inductive methodology.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o pleonazmach i tautologiach z perspektywy historyka języka

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Entire History

Some remarks about pleonasms and tautologies from the point of view of a historian of language Summary The problems associated with redundance constitute an object of interest among the researchers of the modern Polish language. From the point of view of a historian, all of these problems are, or perhaps “should be” crucial, for redundance is a conditio which facilitates the existence of such an entity as language – in time. However, a historical perspective which could demonstrate at least the scale of this phenomenon in the entire history of the Polish language heretofore has not been provided. The article is devoted to instances of pleonasm and tautological structures, their variability and stability. As it turns out, many of them are relatively permanent; they have functioned in the Polish language for centuries. Even though they have received criticism in e.g. dictionaries of modern Polish usage, treated as erroneous in various teaching-related publications, they continue to appear in the spoken language and in texts which represent various styles, e.g: w dniu dzisiejszym (which has been a part of the Polish lexicon since at least the 16th century), cofać się do tyłu, miesiąc kwiecień etc. This fact prompts us to re-evaluate their status.

Elephans in Camera: Latin and Latinity in 15th- and Early-16th-Century England

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Vital Force ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
The Past

The 15th and 16th centuries are often depicted as the death throes of Latin in England, supplanted by ‘The Rise of English’. Arguing that more English did not necessarily mean less Latin, this chapter assesses the role of Latin in England from c.1400 to c.1540, and suggests that in terms of overall cultural history, use, and the accumulated inheritance from the past, this may have been when England was at its most Latinate of all. Considering the use of Latin as a spectrum of skills—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—and across a range of abilities, it offers a positive appreciation of late Medieval Latin as a vital force in a multilingual society.

scholarly journals The Icelandic Language at the Time of the Reformation

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veturliði Óskarsson
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
German Origin ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The process of the Reformation in Iceland in its narrow sense is framed by the publication of the New Testament in 1540 and the whole Bible in 1584. It is sometimes believed that Icelandic lan­guage would have chang­ed more than what it has, if these translations had not seen the day.       During the 16th century, in all 51 books in Icelandic were printed. Almost all are translations, mostly from German. These books contain many loanwords, chiefly of German origin. These words are often a direct result of the Reformation, but some of them are considerably older. As an example, words with the German prefix be- were discussed to some length in the article.       Some loanwords from the 16th century have lived on to our time, but many were either wiped out in the Icelandic language purism of the nineteenth and twentieth century, or never became an integrated part of the language, outside of religious and official texts. Some words even only show up in one or two books of the 16th century.       The impact of the Reformation on the future develop­ment of the Icelandic language, other than a temporary one on the lexicon was limited, and influence on the (spoken) language of common people was probably little.

scholarly journals THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF PROMOTIONAL LANGUAGE IN BOOK BLURBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (48) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Milica Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Linguistics

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the syntactic level of promotional language in fiction and academic book blurbs. The overall research objective was to identify salient syntactic features and investigate the similarities and differences in the realization of this text-in-ternal aspect of thriller, romance, and linguistics blurbs in English. The analysis shows that their formulaic language exhibits genre-specific patterns and form-function correlations in its syntactic complexity. In order to provide a positive description of a book, blurb writers regularly employ structural parallelism, ellipsis, complex phrases with multiple modification, phrasal and clausal embedding, coordination, and other means of structural reduction. However, individual instantiations also display systematic variability in text-length values and frequency of salient features, with fiction blurbs mainly replicating the conciseness of spoken language and academic blurbs closely resembling formal written language. We conclude that the generic integrity of these texts involves a degree of controlled flexibility at the syntactic level depending on the book type/genre as the defining variable. Additionally, the research confirms that the study of linguistic profiles of genres is funda- mentally important for the study of language use, both from a theoretical and applied perspective. The increasing ‘generification’ of contemporary language, and particularly English as the global lingua franca, requires the adoption of a multidimensional genre-based framework in investigating the complex linguistic realities of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Grundtvigs salmer før Luther

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Jørgen Elbek
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Basic Theme ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Divine Truth

Grundtvig’s Hymns before Luther - A PaperBy Jørgen ElbekThe paper examines a number o f Grundtvig’s reworkings partly of David’s psalms, partly o f the early Greek, medieval Latin and old Danish hymns on the basic theme that, in contrast to the Danish hymnwriters Kingo and Brorson from the 17th and 18th centuries, but in accordance with Hans Christensen Sthen from the 16th century, Grundtvig’s hymnwriting revives the harmony o f nature in the medieval folk-poems, but as a nature that is redeemed and set free by the divine truth - not a holy but a hallowed nature, Den signede dag (The Blessed Day) as the title o f Grundtvig’s best-known hymn goes. In his reworking o f the Latin supplications o f the Holy Spirit, Grundtvig shows how harmony arises between feeling and intellect, so that mankind sees the deeper connection and can realise it in human life. It was Grundtvig’s belief that everyday life should be a divine service - the religious practice that Protestantism otherwise lacked.

scholarly journals Zur Realisierung der standardsprachlichen vokalischen Lautwandelprozesse des Frühneuhochdeutschen im Text der Hermannstädter Protokolle (1560–1565)

Neophilologus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr A. Owsiński
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
East Central ◽  
Town Council ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early New High German ◽  
The Town

AbstractThe article presents the results of the phonemic-graphemic analysis of the official reports’ entries from the early second half of the 16th century, which come from the town council of Sibiu (Hermannstadt) and the Concilium Transylvania Saxonicum. The reports constitute a part of the first liber civitatis of Sibiu (Hermannstadt). The aim of the paper is to answer the question how far the script fixes the features of the spoken language. Due to the analysis it could be unambiguously proved, the German used in the text corresponds to the level of development of the German language within the periodization of history of the language as it contains the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes, which are characteristic for the Silesian dialect. The text can therefore be classified as one of the linguistic monuments of the East Central German of Silesian tradition. All the results of the exploration are supported with the appropriate examples.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

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