scholarly journals Distribution of citrinin and aflatoxins in steamed milled rice kernels inoculated with Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus flavus

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 (31) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TAKAHASHI ◽  
H. YAZAKI ◽  
M. MANABE ◽  
S. MATSUURA ◽  
S. KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Milled Rice

Effect of Other Toxigenic Mold Species on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus in Sterile Broth Shake Culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
MARY W. TRUCKSESS ◽  
LEONARD STOLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Heat Stable

The effect of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae on production of aflatoxin by A. flavus when grown together with A. flavus in rotary shake culture was investigated. The two aspergilli had no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, whereas all three Penicillium species substantially lowered aflatoxin production. The toxins that these penicillia produced when growing in pure culture were not found when the penicillia were grown with A. flavus. However, these toxins had no effect on aflatoxin production added to the growth media, nor did the three molds metabolize aflatoxin. When A. flavus was grown in both filter- and autoclave-sterilized filtrates of these three species, no aflatoxins were produced, although A. flavus grew well. These results suggest that although A. ochraceus and A. versicolor have no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, P. citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae produce heat-stable, nonfilterable metabolite(s) which inhibit(s) aflatoxin production by actively growing A. flavus.

Production and efficacy of neem nanoemulsion in the control of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum in soybean seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Castro e Silva ◽  
Lívio Antônio Silva Pereira ◽  
Édila Maria de Rezende ◽  
Michele Valquíria dos Reis ◽  
Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Soybean Seeds

Effect of Temperature, Water Activity and Other Toxigenic Mold Species on Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production on Corn, Pinto Beans and Soybeans

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY W. TRUCKSESS ◽  
LEONARD STOLOFF ◽  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Pinto Beans ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Temperature Water

Portions of corn, a commodity in which aflatoxin is frequently found, were held at 16, 26 and 32°C after the moisture contents were adjusted to achieve water activities (aw) ranging from too low to ample for support of mold growth. Suspensions of mold spores from toxigenic cultures of Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae were added to the test portions, either as A. flavus alone, as A. flavus with one of the other molds or as a mixture of all 5 species. Additional water was used to obtain the proper moisture levels. A temperature of 16°C was generally too low for aflatoxin production by either the added or native strains of A. flavus, although the mold was able to grow at 16°C at aw values as low as 0.80, 0.77 and 0.85 on corn, soybeans and pinto beans, respectively. Aflatoxin production was essentially the same at 26 and 32° C with limiting aw values in the range of 0.85–0.89. Limiting aw values for mold growth at 26 and 32°C were 0.73, 0.69 and 0.75 for corn, soybeans and pinto beans, respectively. This study provided no evidence that substrate suitability at limiting temperatures and aw levels is a factor in the observed difference in the risk of aflatoxin contamination for these commodities. The study did indicate that the associated mold flora, when the seed is exposed to mold invasion, is a risk determinant.

scholarly journals Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punam Jeswal ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Incidence

Nine different Indian spices (red chilli, black pepper, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, caraway, fenugreek, and dry ginger) commonly cultivated and highly used in India were analysed for natural occurrence of toxigenic mycoflora and aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin (CTN) contamination.Aspergillus flavusandAspergillus nigerwere the most dominant species isolated from all types of spices. Red chilli samples were highly contaminated with aflatoxins (85.4%) followed by dry ginger (77.7%). 56%Aspergillus flavusfrom red chilli and 45%Aspergillus ochraceusfrom black pepper were toxigenic and produced aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Qualitative detection and quantitative detection of mycotoxins in spices were analyzed by ELISA and further confirmed by LC-MS/MS.Penicillium citrinumproduced citrinin in red chilli, black pepper, coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and dry ginger samples. The highest amount of AFs was found in red chilli (219.6 ng/g), OTA was in black pepper (154.1 ng/g), and CTN was in dry ginger samples (85.1 ng/g). The results of this study suggest that the spices are susceptible substrate for growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and further mycotoxin production. This is the first report of natural occurrence of citrinin in black pepper and dry ginger from India.

Influence of Inoculum Preparation and Volume on Growth of Mycotoxigenic Molds

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. L. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
A. PACIN ◽  
G. BOENTE ◽  
E. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
S. RESNIK
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum ◽  
Fungus Growth

The influence of the volume and the aw of the inoculum, adjusted or not with glycerol to the aw of the medium, on growth of mycotoxigenic species of fungi was determined for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium viridicatum, Fusarium tricinctum and Microdochium nivale. Statistical analysis of the data was based on the application of multivariate techniques. It was seen that at constant volumes (10 μl), P. viridicatum, A. ochraceus and M. nivale show no significant growth differences whether or not the aw of the inoculum is adjusted; but significant differences were observed with A. flavus, P. citrinum and F. tricinctum. Moreover, significant differences in growth between adjusted and unadjusted aw levels are also present when there are different inoculum volumes for A. flavus and P. citrinum. Thus, it is appropriate to adjust the inoculum to the same aw level as that of the medium or the food to be considered. In all cases, where significant differences were present, greater colony diameters were observed when the aw was adjusted. With the same inoculum preparation, different inoculum volumes also affect fungus growth, producing greater colony diameters with increments in the volume.

scholarly journals Phosphate Solvent Fungi Exploration and Identification in West Bali National Park Forest Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Riswanda Dwiky Priyanta ◽  
Meitini Wahyuni Proborini ◽  
Anak Agung Raka Dalem
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Phosphate Dissolution ◽  
Two Stages

Research on the exploration and identification of phosphate solvent fungi has never been carried out in West Bali National Park (TNBB), therefore researchers aims to explore and identify microscopic fungi to be used as phosphate solvent fungi which later will be taken from each plant soil samples (Lantana camara) that the presence is very common in TNBB. The research was implemented in two stages. The first stage is exploration of soil fungi in the field (TNBB) and identification of fungal species and the second stage is the phosphate solvent fungus test on Pikovskaya media. The results of the identification of the fungi obtained as follow: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus bertholletius, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus isolate 4, Aspergillus isolate 5, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma amazonicum. From the entire types of fungi obtained, there are onlybfour fungi that have the potential as phosphate solvents, namely Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus bertholletius and Penicillium citrinum with the presence of clear zones on Pikovskaya media. Fungi that has the best potential in the process of phosphate dissolution is Aspergillus niger.   Key words: Rhizosfer, Lantana camara, clear zone, phosphate solvent fungus

scholarly journals Fungi Associated With Different Parts of Cotton Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Amina Khatun ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Syncephalastrum Racemosum ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Fusarium Nivale ◽  
Different Parts

Seed samples with highest (CB10), lowest (CB8), moderate fungal frequency (CB3) and randomly selected seeds from all varieties (CB1-14) were used. A total of 14 species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger Van Tiegh, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Penicillium aculeatum Raper & Fennell, Penicillium citrinum Thom, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with seed parts of different varieties of cotton. The maximum ten species of fungi were isolated from seed coat. The most prevalent fungus was Rhizopus stolonifer which was found in all the parts of all the varieties of cotton seeds examined. Out of the 14 isolated fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, C. lunata, C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale, F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, Penicillium aculeatum, R. solani, R. stolonifer, S. racemosum and T. viride were found to be external and Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, C. lunata, F. nivale, Penicillium citrinum and R. stolonifer were internal seed borne fungi. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, C. lunata, F. nivale and R. stolonifer were isolated as both external and internal seed borne fungi. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 237-244, 2020 (July)

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress as Indicators of Fungi Environmental Pollution in Balb/c Albino Mice Monitored from South West, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Odebode ◽  
Adedotun Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Albino Mice

The presence and detection of common airborne fungi in an area are important for the prevention and treatment of allergic fungal diseases. Because of the ubiquitous nature of fungi, the effect of four different fungal species in production of antioxidant and reactive oxygen species production in balb/c albino mice was investigated. Fifty-four balb/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6) and a normal control group. Four different fungal plates, comprising Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus penicillioides, Penicillium citrinum, and Penicillium chrysogenum, which were the most abundant fungi species sampled in the environment were cultured for one week to make 2.3 x 107 and 3.2 x 105 spores and injected intranasally in sterile saline into the nostrils of each of the mice. Results showed that all fungal inoculated organism produced statistically (P<0.05) significant reactive oxygen species while antioxidant parameters were significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner compared with normal control mice. It is therefore concluded that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus penicillioides, Penicillium citrinum, and Penicillium chrysogenum can alter and decrease immune function in balb/c mice. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the most common airborne fungal species present in Southwest Nigeria and to study their allergic reactions.

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