Production and efficacy of neem nanoemulsion in the control of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum in soybean seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Castro e Silva ◽  
Lívio Antônio Silva Pereira ◽  
Édila Maria de Rezende ◽  
Michele Valquíria dos Reis ◽  
Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Soybean Seeds

No Effect of Soybean Lipoxygenase on Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus–Inoculated Seeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1984-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MELLON ◽  
P. J. COTTY
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference

Soybean lines lacking lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were compared with soybean lines having LOX activity for the ability to support growth and aflatoxin B1 production by the fungal seed pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Whole seeds, broken seeds, and heat-treated (autoclaved) whole seeds were compared. Broken seeds, irrespective of LOX presence, supported excellent fungal growth and the highest aflatoxin levels. Autoclaved whole seeds, with or without LOX, produced good fungal growth and aflatoxin levels approaching those of broken seeds. Whole soybean seeds supported sparse fungal growth and relatively low aflatoxin levels. There was no significant difference in aflatoxin production between whole soybean seeds either with or without LOX, although there did seem to be differences among the cultivars tested. The heat treatment eliminated LOX activity (in LOX+ lines), yet aflatoxin levels did not change substantially from the broken seed treatment. Broken soybean seeds possessed LOX activity (in LOX+ lines) and yet yielded the highest aflatoxin levels. The presence of active LOX did not seem to play the determinant role in the susceptibility of soybean seeds to fungal pathogens. Seed coat integrity and seed viability seem to be more important characteristics in soybean seed resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Soybean seeds lacking LOX seem safe from the threat of increased seed pathogen susceptibility.

Effect of Other Toxigenic Mold Species on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus in Sterile Broth Shake Culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
MARY W. TRUCKSESS ◽  
LEONARD STOLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Heat Stable

The effect of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae on production of aflatoxin by A. flavus when grown together with A. flavus in rotary shake culture was investigated. The two aspergilli had no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, whereas all three Penicillium species substantially lowered aflatoxin production. The toxins that these penicillia produced when growing in pure culture were not found when the penicillia were grown with A. flavus. However, these toxins had no effect on aflatoxin production added to the growth media, nor did the three molds metabolize aflatoxin. When A. flavus was grown in both filter- and autoclave-sterilized filtrates of these three species, no aflatoxins were produced, although A. flavus grew well. These results suggest that although A. ochraceus and A. versicolor have no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, P. citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae produce heat-stable, nonfilterable metabolite(s) which inhibit(s) aflatoxin production by actively growing A. flavus.

scholarly journals Seed-borne pathogenic fungi on some soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Annisa Rahmaddila Rizky Hartono ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Heri Widarta
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Germination Experiment

Abstract. Soesanto L, Hartono ARR, Mugiastuti E, Widarta H. 2020. Seed-borne pathogenic fungi on some soybean varieties. Biodiversitas 21: 4010-4015. The present study was conducted to detect and identify seed-borne pathogenic fungi in some soybean varieties and their effect on seed germination. Experiment was performed in a completely random design with eight treatments and four replicates. Eight soybean varieties i.e., Malabar, Kaba, Dering, Detam I, Sinabung, Dena, Gepak Kuning, and Slamet were selected for the investigation. Seed borne fungi were isolated using blotter test and agar plate techniques. The variables observed were morphological/cultural characteristics, microscopic features of fungi, and percentage of seed germination. A total of eight fungi namely Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. et Fr.) Grove f.sp. truncate (Schw.) Arx, Curvularia pallescens Boedijn, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Melanospora zamiae Corda, and Nigrospora sp. Mason were isolated from different varieties of soybean seeds. The highest seed germination was found to be 80.5% in Daring and Detam I varieties, respectively, and the lowest 53% was recorded in Dena variety.

Effect of Temperature, Water Activity and Other Toxigenic Mold Species on Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production on Corn, Pinto Beans and Soybeans

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY W. TRUCKSESS ◽  
LEONARD STOLOFF ◽  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Pinto Beans ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Temperature Water

Portions of corn, a commodity in which aflatoxin is frequently found, were held at 16, 26 and 32°C after the moisture contents were adjusted to achieve water activities (aw) ranging from too low to ample for support of mold growth. Suspensions of mold spores from toxigenic cultures of Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae were added to the test portions, either as A. flavus alone, as A. flavus with one of the other molds or as a mixture of all 5 species. Additional water was used to obtain the proper moisture levels. A temperature of 16°C was generally too low for aflatoxin production by either the added or native strains of A. flavus, although the mold was able to grow at 16°C at aw values as low as 0.80, 0.77 and 0.85 on corn, soybeans and pinto beans, respectively. Aflatoxin production was essentially the same at 26 and 32° C with limiting aw values in the range of 0.85–0.89. Limiting aw values for mold growth at 26 and 32°C were 0.73, 0.69 and 0.75 for corn, soybeans and pinto beans, respectively. This study provided no evidence that substrate suitability at limiting temperatures and aw levels is a factor in the observed difference in the risk of aflatoxin contamination for these commodities. The study did indicate that the associated mold flora, when the seed is exposed to mold invasion, is a risk determinant.

scholarly journals Distribution of citrinin and aflatoxins in steamed milled rice kernels inoculated with Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus flavus

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 (31) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TAKAHASHI ◽  
H. YAZAKI ◽  
M. MANABE ◽  
S. MATSUURA ◽  
S. KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Milled Rice

scholarly journals Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punam Jeswal ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Incidence

Nine different Indian spices (red chilli, black pepper, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, caraway, fenugreek, and dry ginger) commonly cultivated and highly used in India were analysed for natural occurrence of toxigenic mycoflora and aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin (CTN) contamination.Aspergillus flavusandAspergillus nigerwere the most dominant species isolated from all types of spices. Red chilli samples were highly contaminated with aflatoxins (85.4%) followed by dry ginger (77.7%). 56%Aspergillus flavusfrom red chilli and 45%Aspergillus ochraceusfrom black pepper were toxigenic and produced aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Qualitative detection and quantitative detection of mycotoxins in spices were analyzed by ELISA and further confirmed by LC-MS/MS.Penicillium citrinumproduced citrinin in red chilli, black pepper, coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and dry ginger samples. The highest amount of AFs was found in red chilli (219.6 ng/g), OTA was in black pepper (154.1 ng/g), and CTN was in dry ginger samples (85.1 ng/g). The results of this study suggest that the spices are susceptible substrate for growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and further mycotoxin production. This is the first report of natural occurrence of citrinin in black pepper and dry ginger from India.

Identifikasi Cendawan pada Biji Kedelai (Glycine Max L. Merill) di Beberapa Pabrik Pengolahan Tahu Tempe di Distrik Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelin Elsina Tanati
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Glycine Max L

<em>This research was carried out to identify species of fungi on soybean seeds at several processing �tahu-tempe� units in the District of Manokwari, in relation to the condition of storage and working places, such as : temperature, humidity, cleanness, period of storing and transportation of seeds. Results show that 8 funguses were found in attacking the seeds and was successfully identified, they are : Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. aculeatus, A. versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oryzae, </em>and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>.<em>. Three� funguses, i.e. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium produce dangerous toxin (mycotoxin) to human in term of carcinogenic. It was known that soybean seeds was not save as food if were contaminated with fungus. Therefore, factors that caused growth of fungus on soybean seeds in the processing units in Manokwari should be prevented.</em>

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