scholarly journals Veniamin Mikhailovich Samosudov — man and scientist at crossroads of times (1926–2010)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Novikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Village ◽  
Universal Secondary Education

In the 1960’s–1970’s, the development of regional historical science took place, which reflected the General trend for the country. During this period, changes were made to the concept of the development of socialist society, which caused the transition to universal secondary education. This transition required the training of teachers of history and social Sciences, which was entrusted to pedagogical institutes. The result was changes in the content of training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the region. During these years, Samosudov's scientific and managerial career developed. Based on the memoirs of colleagues, materials of archival collections, personal impressions, the author comes to the conclusion that the doctor of historical Sciences, Professor, member of the CPSU, rector of the OSPI named after M. Gorky was a major historian — the Creator of the scientific school. He was a man of his time: a witness to the socialist transformation of the village, a participant in the war, an organizer of education in the region. About how his attitude to society changed during the transformations in the state, reports the test of the presented article

limited to the desirable speed for attaining it and methods for doing so. Doubtless this was how it appeared at the outset to those involved. In retrospect, however, we can see that this distinction between ends and means is too simple. The reality is that ends and means rarely form a simple hierarchy or are easily separable. Means must be designed with the end in view; if the objective is not clearly perceived, then the design of policy will incorporate unforeseen distortions which may limit or even prevent attainment of the given goal. Means which turn out not to lead to the designated objective will have some other outcome instead. When ends and means prove incompatible it may suddenly transpire that the means are more precious than the original end, attainment of which is deferred or abandoned. Of course in many cases there will be several different routes to the same destination and, under these conditions, the choice of route will rest primarily on considerations of speed and economy of effort. But in other circumstances what is apparently a choice of means to an end will turn out to involve the choice of ends as well. Here different means incorporate different objectives and may be taken to stand for them; they become just as charged with value (or its opposite) as the goals to which they correspond. In theory Bolshevism was directed towards a classless society in which the state was to have 'withered away', coercion being replaced by voluntary association and co-operative creativity. Yet the circumstances of international and social conflict prompted the Soviet regime, from its first moments, to resolute measures of governmental and social coercion. These measures prompted deep divisions within Bolshevism. What was at issue was the appropriateness of such methods on grounds both of expediency (the regime's survival) and of principle (the regime's permanent objective of a socialist society). The question of expediency was settled in the sense that the regime survived. The question of principle remained unresolved. Was coercion a temporary expedient and the state no more than a necessary evil in the course of struggle for the realisation of human freedom? Or should Bolsheviks attach a positive value to their refinement and extension? And if coercive disciplines and authoritarian centralisation were to become the central themes of Bolshevik practice, what kind of society would result - a society capable of evolving towards the goals originally defined, or some more primitive and limited variant, or even a reversion to something completely antithetical to communist ideals? It was Bukharin who revealed most clearly the closeness of these issues to the debate over 'primary socialist accumulation'. He had broken with the left during the period of reassessment immediately following termination of the civil war, and became a leading exponent of the theory and practice of NEP as a possible road to socialism. He criticised both Preobrazhensky's concept of primary socialist accumulation and Stalin's subsequent attempt to secure a temporary 'tribute' from the peasantry - the former on the grounds that it would require widespread coercion to prevent peasant withdrawal from the market, losing the goodwill of the peasant masses without whom socialism could not be built in Russia; the latter because Stalin's policies for grain requisitioning initiated in the spring of 1928 amounted to 'military-feudal exploitation' of the village [e.g. Cohen, 1975:160- 73, 306- 7]. In neither case

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
Classless Society ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Village ◽  
Social Coercion

EXPEDITION TO MALI, 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
D. V. Vaniukova ◽  
◽  
P. A. Kutsenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder ◽  
The State ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Village

The research expedition of the Institute of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been working in Mali since 2015. Since 2017, it has been attended by employees of the State Museum of the East. The task of the expedition is to study the transformation of traditional Dogon culture in the context of globalization, as well as to collect ethnographic information (life, customs, features of the traditional social and political structure); to collect oral historical legends; to study the history, existence, and transformation of artistic tradition in the villages of the Dogon Country in modern conditions; collecting items of Ethnography and art to add to the collection of the African collection of the. Peter the Great Museum (Kunstkamera, Saint Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Arts (Moscow). The plan of the expedition in January 2020 included additional items, namely, the study of the functioning of the antique market in Mali (the “path” of things from villages to cities, which is important for attributing works of traditional art). The geography of our research was significantly expanded to the regions of Sikasso and Koulikoro in Mali, as well as to the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and its surroundings in Burkina Faso, which is related to the study of migrations to the Bandiagara Highlands. In addition, the plan of the expedition included organization of a photo exhibition in the Museum of the village of Endé and some educational projects. Unfortunately, after the mass murder in March 2019 in the village of Ogossogou-Pel, where more than one hundred and seventy people were killed, events in the Dogon Country began to develop in the worst-case scenario: The incessant provocations after that revived the old feud between the Pel (Fulbe) pastoralists and the Dogon farmers. So far, this hostility and mutual distrust has not yet developed into a full-scale ethnic conflict, but, unfortunately, such a development now seems quite likely.

Capitalism and the State in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Torres ◽  
Carina Borrastero
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes how the research on the relation between capitalism and the state in Latin America has developed from the 1950s up to the present. It starts from the premise that knowledge of this relation in sociology and other social sciences in Latin America has been taking shape through the disputes that have opposed three intellectual standpoints: autonomist, denialist, and North-centric. It analyzes how these standpoints envision the relationship between economy and politics and how they conceptualize three regionally and globally growing trends: the concentration of power, social inequality, and environmental depletion. It concludes with a series of challenges aimed at restoring the theoretical and political potency of the autonomist program in Latin American sociology.

Who accesses secondary schooling in Uganda; Was the universal secondary education policy ubiquitously effective?

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 102370
Author(s):  
Christian Kakuba ◽  
Abel Nzabona ◽  
John Bosco Asiimwe ◽  
Richard Tuyiragize ◽  
John Mushomi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Universal Secondary Education

Emotions and politics of sensibilities in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199451
Author(s):  
Adrian Scribano
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

The social sciences in Latin America have always had a special connection with the study and analysis of the place of emotions in the social structuration processes. The aim of this article is to offer a synthetic exposition of some inquiries about emotions and the politics of sensibilities in Latin America, emphasizing those that are being felt in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this objective, first we offer a synthesis of the theoretical and methodological points that will guide the interpretation; then we draw on pre-existing inquiries and surveys which allow us to capture the state of sensibilities before and during the pandemic in the region; and finally some conclusions are presented. The work is based on a multi-method approach, where qualitative and quantitative secondary and primary data are articulated in tandem.

The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

Students, Schools, and Enrollment in Science and Humanity Courses in Israeli Secondary Education

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Ayalon ◽  
Abraham Yogev
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Level Analysis

This article examines the deteriorating status of the humanities and social sciences versus mathematics and the sciences in the curriculum of Israeli high schools. We examine this tendency by conducting a multi-level analysis of the effect of school and individual characteristics on inequality in curriculum specialization on a sample of academic-track 12th-graders in 1989. The main findings are (a) more able students, males, and members of the privileged Jewish ethnic group in Israel tend to specialize in mathematics and the sciences, and (b) students’ characteristics are the major determinant of course-taking in mathematics and the sciences, whereas school policy is central regarding the humanities and social sciences. The article discusses social implications of the findings.

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