The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

scholarly journals Microhabitats Utilization by Solitary Parasitoids and Predatory Insects as Indicators of Oil Palm Agroecosystem’s Capacity to Support Insect Species Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2153-2166
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bukhary A.K. ◽  
Ruslan M.Y. ◽  
Noor Hisham H. ◽  
Muzamil M. ◽  
Abu Hassan A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

Microhabitats capacity to support insect species diversity and persistence were evaluated implementing solitary parasitoids and predatory insects according to different phases of herbicide and chemical fertilizer applications. Two species of the genus Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae) and one species of the genus Pompilus (Pompilidae) showed relationships on vegetation-type microhabitats, notably natural weeds, leguminous cover crops, and the beneficial plant Turnera subulata, while two species of the genus Evania (Evaniidae) showed relationships with chipped oil palm trunks. One species from the genus Odontomachus (Formicidae) as an exclusive predatory ant was related to both chipped oil palm trunks and the beneficial plant T. subulata. Xanthopimpla parasitoids exhibited abundance fluctuations difference around natural weeds during herbicide application phases between three- and six-years old oil palm stands, with decreased and increased abundance patterns of the former and the latter, respectively. 18 years old oil palm stand showed increased abundance patterns only along with the different phases of chemical fertilizer applications. The importance of natural weeds diversity, restrictions of leguminous cover crops, frequency of herbicide applications, and the arrangements between beneficial plants and wood-based microhabitats that benefited insect parasitoids and predators were discussed.

METABOLIC ACTIVITY AND PHOSPHATE-DISSOLVING CAPABILITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM WHEAT ROOTS, RHIZOSPHERE, AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
B. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Insoluble Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Bacterial isolates from the roots of wheat (rhizoplane) were more active in oxidizing glucose and alanine than cultures isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphcre soils. In general, metabolic activity was greater with alanine than with glucose. Over one third of the cultures tested were capable of dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the form of CaHPO4 but the roots did not appear to exert a selective effect on these forms. However, the phosphate-solubilizing organisms from the rhizoplane were also the most active in oxidizing glucose and alanine. Those from the rhizosphere soil were intermediate in this respect. By far the majority of these phosphate-dissolving bacteria were in the nutritional group requiring unknown substances in yeast and soil extracts for optimal growth. It was suggested that although these bacteria were not preferentially stimulated in the root zone, their large numbers and their greater metabolic activity may contribute significantly to the phosphate economy of the plant.

Changes in diversity of plant and small mammal communities after herbicide application in sub-boreal spruce forest

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Sullivan ◽  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Douglas G Pitt ◽  
R A Lautenschlager ◽  
Din G Chen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Small Mammal Communities ◽  
Mammal Communities

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that herbicide (glyphosate, active ingredient) application for conifer release would reduce species diversity (measured as richness, Simpson's index, and Shannon-Wiener index) of both plant and small mammal communities over a 5-year period in young sub-boreal spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. x Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest. Four treated and four untreated (control) sites were studied near Prince George in central British Columbia, Canada. Crown volume index of shrub vegetation was reduced by herbicide application. Species richness of shrubs was reduced in the first year after treatment and remained lower on treated sites throughout the 5-year period. Both indices of shrub diversity, however, were not different over the 5 years. Herbicide treatment initially reduced crown volume index of herbaceous vegetation, but values quickly recovered to untreated levels by the second year after treatment. Herbaceous species diversity was not affected by herbicide treatment. Diversity of small mammal communities apparently was not affected by herbicide application. In general, diversity of plant and small mammal communities seemed to be maintained, and hence, these treatment sites may not lower overall diversity of a forested landscape. Silvicultural practices, such as conifer release with herbicides or alternative methods, may contribute to a diversity of stand structures and wildlife habitats if appropriately designed and implemented.

scholarly journals Lichen Diversity in the Terai Regions of Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
As Species

Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh is one of the richest area for lichen diversity in the state represented by 81 species under 37 genera and 23 families. Out of these, 66 species are crustose, 11 foliose, 3 squamulose and 1 leprose. Graphidaceae shows highest generic as well as species diversity with 5 genera and 15 species followed by Ramalinaceae with 2 genera and 10 species. Among the genera Graphis is the largest with 10 species followed by Bacidia with 9 species. Agonimia allobata (Stizenb.) P. James, Anisomeridium aff. ranunculosporum (Coppins and James) Coppins, Coenogonium aciculatum Lücking and Aptroot, and Malmidea bakeri (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata and Lumbsch have been found as new records for India and Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr., A. dispersula Nyl., Bacidia medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd, Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James, Chaenothecopsis savonica (Räsänen) Tibell, Coenogonium dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb and Lücking, Coenogonium minimum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Endocarpon pusillum Hedw., Fellhanera fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Vëzda, Fellhanera rhapidophylli (Rehm) Vezda, Fellhanera semecarpi (Vain.) Vezda, Fissurina cingalina (Nyl.) Staiger, Graphis caesiella Vain., Graphis filiformis Adaw. and Makhija, Graphis lineola Ach., Graphis petricosa (Kremp.) A.W. Archer, Graphis pyrrhocheliodes Zahlbr., Herpothallon sticticum Jagadeesh and G.P. Sinha, Letrouitia domingensis (Pers.) Hafellner and Bellem., Mazosia phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Mycomicrothelia nonensis (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw., Mycomicrothelia thelena (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw., Phaeographis inusta (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Pyxine consocians Vain., Strigula nitidula Mont. and Thelotrema subtile Tuck. have been found as new records for Uttar Pradesh.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST TRANSBAIKAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Lyubov Batomunkuevna Buyantueva ◽  
Elena Petrovna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
South West ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The microbiological researches in chestnut soil of South-West Transbaikalia occurring under peculiar natural-climatic conditions have been studied. Seasonal study of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria (saprophytes, proteolytics, cellulolytics), actinomycetes and fungi in chestnut soil has been carried out which showed a rather broad distribution and fixation of microorganisms through the whole soil profile. These groups (to 106C/g) were mostly observed in the top horizons of soils due to the high content of humus (2,91-4,94%), roots, and also regular condensation of atmospheric moisture. Down the profile the number of bacteria and fungi was generally decreasing by 1-3 orders. Feature of the studied soils was the broad distribution of actinomycetes through the whole soil profile and also increased of their number by1-2 orders in the mineral horizons (3 and 4 sites). The higher density of microorganisms was observed in summer (in its second half) and early autumn periods, which are more favorable because of hydrothermal indicators for vital activities of microorganisms in all researched ecosystems. The number of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi indirect evidence of their large enough role in mineralization processes.

scholarly journals QUANTITY OF PHOSPHOROUS MOBILIZING BACTERIA IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WHEAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE POLYMYXOBACTERYN AND FERTILIZERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
P. V. Kovpak ◽  
L. M. Tokmakova ◽  
I. V. Larchenko ◽  
A. O. Trepach
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

The paper presents the results of studies of the impact of microbial preparation Polymyxobacteryn and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of phosphorous mobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants (Sonechko variety). It was shown that quantity phosphorous mobilizing bacteria increases under the influence of bacterization and fertilizers in doses not exceeding N60P60K60.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES THE AUTOTROPHIC AND HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE PLANTS UNDER THE USE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND DIAZOBAKTERYN

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
I. G. Korotka ◽  
V. V. Volkogon
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Microbial Preparation

The paper depicts the study of mineral nitrogen and pre-sowing seeds bacteryzation on the development of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification. It was revealed that nitrification activity in the root zone of winter rye plants rises together with the increase of mineral nitrogen doses. Heterotrophic nitrification plays a significant role in the formation of nitrate pool in the root zone, especially during the early stages of plants organogenesis. Application of the microbial preparation Diazobakteryn had enhanced the activity autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes in the rhizosphere soil of plants in the spring, during the early stages of their development while during the next organogenesis phases the reduction of nitrification processes was observed. In plants-free soil the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to biological transformation of nitrogen was negligible.

scholarly journals SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE VIR COLLECTION OF GRAIN LEGUME GENETIC RESOURCES AND ITS USE IN DOMESTIC BREEDING

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
M. A. Vishnyakova ◽  
T. G. Aleksandrova ◽  
T. V. Buravtseva ◽  
M. O. Burlyaeva ◽  
G. P. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
The State ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The world’s genebanks hold 7.5 million germplasm accessions of plant genetic resources (PGR). One of the qualitative characteristics of the PGR collections is the species diversity, in particular, the presence of crop wild relatives (CWR), which makes it possible to widen the use of gene pools in the breeding process. The collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR) is one of the most diverse holdings in the number of plant species. A survey is provided here of the species diversity in VIR’s grain legume collection, and its use in domestic breeding practice is analyzed. Comparison of this diversity with the state of PGR exploitation in the world makes it possible to assess the prospects of more efficient utilization of gene pool potential, especially for species that are unjustifiably cultivated on a too small scale or even neglected as crops in this country. The VIR collection of grain legumes incorporates 196 species from 9 genera of the family Fabaceae. This number includes cultigens and CWR. The cultivars of 21 species of grain legumes listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements (2018) are adapted to the soil and climate conditions of this country. However, the species diversity of the collection could be used more efficiently in domestic plant breeding and crop production. This concerns both underutilized crops in Russia (broad beans, lima beans and grass pea) and those whose adaptive potential is adjusted only to certain and limited areas of the Russian Federation (Tepary beans and Vigna spp.). It is also necessary to exploit more efficiently species of the wild flora, both for direct utilization as pastures, green manure or phytoremediation crops and for introgressive breeding and domestication (Vicia benghalensis L., V. narbonensis L., Lathyrus sylvestris L., Lupinus hartwegii Lindl., etc.). Incorporation of crop wild relatives into the breeding process is promising for crop improvement in a number of aspects: for example, to increase resistance to diseases, pests, abiotic stressors, etc.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION THE MICROORGANISMS OF RHIZOSPHERE AGRICULTURAL PLANTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Iryna Beznosko ◽  
Tetyana Gorgan ◽  
Iryna Mosiychuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Plants

During 2020, on the basis of stationary and temporary field experiments, which are located in the Skvуra Research Station of Organic Production of NAAS, Nosiv SDS and the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS were studied quantitative composition of the soil micromycetes under different agricultural crops: winter wheat, spring barley and onion. The vegetation period in the Kyiv region was characterized by – sufficiently moist (HTC 1,7), and in Chernihiv and Kharkiv regions drought prevailed (HTC 0,6). Adverse weather conditions such as drought or waterlogging are crucial factors in changing the number of mycobiomes in the studied soils.Stationary field experiments in the selection Nosivka during the ontogenesis winter wheat characterized the greatest number pedatrophic and less number of amylolytic, cellulosolytic ecological-trophic groups. The stationary experiments field researches were also conducted in Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production. Where the rhizosphere soil under spring barley crops is characterized by a larger number of micromycetes, as well as amylolytic and cellulolytic ecological-trophic groups. Was determined the number of soil micromycetes the main ecological and trophic groups. The rhizosphere soil on the stationary field of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS during the ontogenesis of different varieties of onions characterized by high number cellulosolytic group of micromycetes, which despite the decrease in the hydrothermal coefficient increased by the end of the growing season of the culture.Therefore, the interaction between plants and micromycetes is a dynamic process in which the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season, soil type, and the root system of agricultural plants, this influences the formation of soil mycobiome.

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