Small Scale Skid-Mounted Natural Gas to Hydrogen Production System Provides Competitive Hydrogen for China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yiyan Sui ◽  
Tongwen Shan ◽  
Jianguo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Generator ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Full Life Cycle

Abstract Because of its convenience, high efficiency and low cost, small-scale skid-mounted hydrogen generator has become a hydrogen-production object of intense research efforts worldwide and has broad prospects in application. We analyze the technical points and difficulties in detail of this kind of on-site compact hydrogen generators from natural gas, by each section in the production process. It is suitable for integrated hydrogen refueling stations due to easy transportation and installation. Related applications are introduced by comparing the technical parameters of recent typical products in the world. Meanwhile, we calculate that the full life cycle cost of hydrogen from skid-mounted hydrogen generator from natrual gas can achieve less than 40CNY / kgH2, which is more economic than other possible hydrogen sources and transportation modes of a hydrogen refueling station. Although the advantages mentioned above, we point out that technology innovation is still desirable, especially in the process of reforming, automatic control, system integration and catalysis, to realize the minimization of skid-mounted hydrogen generators base on natural gas, for its further and wider application in the future.

Graphite Electrodes for Hydrogen Production by Acid Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Oliveira Marilei de Fátima ◽  
Mazur Viviane Teleginski ◽  
Virtuozo Fernanda ◽  
Junior Valter Anzolin de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, humanity has become aware of the consequences that the use of fossil fuels entails, and the latest developments in the energy sector are leading to a diversification of energy resources. In this context, researching on alternative forms of producing electric energy is being conducted. At the transportation level, a possible solution for this matter may lie in hydrogen fuel cells. The electrolysis of water is one of the possible processes for hydrogen production, but the reaction to break the water molecule requires a great amount of energy and this is precisely the biggest issue involving this process. In this work, low cost electrodes of 254 stainless steel and electrolytic graphite were used for hydrogen production, allowing high efficiency and reduced oxidation during the process. The selection of these materials allows to obtain a high corrosion resistance electrolytic pair, by replacing the high cost platinum electrode usually employed in the alkaline electrolysis process. The formic acid of biomass origin was used as an electrolyte. It was observed that the developed reactor have no energy losses through heat and it was possible to obtain approximately 82% conversion efficiency in the gas production process.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Consumer Grade GNSS Receivers for the Integration in Multi-Sensor-Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kersten ◽  
Jens-André Paffenholz
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Phase Code ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Zero Baseline

Various GNSS applications require low-cost, small-scale, lightweight and power-saving GNSS devices and require high precision in terms of low noise for carrier phase and code observations. Applications vary from navigation approaches to positioning in geo-monitoring units up to integration in multi-sensor-systems. For highest precision, only GNSS receivers are suitable that provide access to raw data such as carrier phase, code ranges, Doppler and signal strength. A system integration is only possible if the overall noise level is known and quantified at the level of the original observations. A benchmark analysis based on a zero baseline is proposed to quantify the stochastic properties. The performance of the consumer grade GNSS receiver is determined and evaluated against geodetic GNSS receivers to better understand the utilization of consumer grade receivers. Results indicate high similarity to the geodetic receiver, even though technical limitations are present. Various stochastic techniques report normally distributed carrier-phase noise of 2 mm and code-range noise of 0.5–0.8 m. This is confirmed by studying the modified Allan standard deviation and code-minus-carrier combinations. Derived parameters serve as important indicators for the integration of GNSS receivers into multi-sensor-systems.

scholarly journals Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Susan Amrose ◽  
Elizabeth Brownell ◽  
Vinay Nangia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield. This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world’s estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population. Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system. Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions. Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption. This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irrigation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software. Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season. Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model. In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model. These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user’s irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.

scholarly journals Metal organic framework-derived porous Fe2N nanocubes by rapid-nitridation for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167
Author(s):  
Zhixing Cheng ◽  
Ali Saad ◽  
Samira Adimi ◽  
Haichuan Guo ◽  
Siqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

A new means of producing MOF derived TMN materials, which in conjunction with suitable dyes, offer high-efficiency and low-cost avenues for making photocatalysts for hydrogen production.

A new approach to value creation – stranded gas resource commercialisation via low-cost small scale floating LNG projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Daein Cha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Cost Development ◽  
Development Concept

There are ~240 discovered, but stranded, offshore gas resources within the range of ~0.5 to 5.0 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of which ~40 such fields, representing 65 TCF of EUR, resides within Australian jurisdiction. Operators are challenged to commercialise these gas resources due to several factors such as: • lack of materiality within their oil and gas resource portfolio, • remote location, and • lack of a low-cost development concept. For such resources, a predetermined low-cost, small scale (∼1.0 million tonnes per annum production capacity) floating liquefied natural gas vessel and subsea wells tie-back development concept can be deployed to achieve commercialisation. Furthermore, the following should be promoted for the adoption to commercialise such gas resources: • target breakeven liquefied natural gas (LNG) price as a key metric to confirm fit of the resource and the development concept, • innovative financing and commercial structures to be co-developed among key stakeholders to enable project development within the constraint of a target breakeven LNG price, and • differentiated LNG offtake value proposition for securing LNG offtake contracts that underpin project bankability.

Rare earth material CeO2 modified CoS2 nanospheres for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Ma ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhenlu Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
H2 Evolution ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Earth Material ◽  
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

The development of high-efficiency and low-cost photocatalysts for hydrogen production reaction is very important to solve energy problems. This paper studied the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of CeO2/CoS2 heterojunction catalyst...

Development of a Fiber Delivered Laser Ignition System for Natural Gas Engines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azer P. Yalin ◽  
Adam R. Reynolds ◽  
Sachin Joshi ◽  
Morgan W. Defoort ◽  
Bryan Willson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Natural Gas Engines

Laser ignition is viewed as a potential future technology for advanced high-efficiency low-emission natural gas engines. However, in order to make laser ignition systems more practical, thereby enabling them to transition from the laboratory to industrial settings, there is a need to develop fiber optically delivered ignition systems. Recent work at Colorado State University has shown the possibility of using coated hollow fibers for spark delivery and has demonstrated laser ignition and operation of a single engine cylinder using hollow fiber delivery. In order to practically operate a multiple cylinder engine, we envisage a simple and low-cost system based upon a single laser source being delivered (“multiplexed”) through multiple fibers to multiple engine cylinders. In this paper, we report on the design, development, and initial bench-top testing of a multiplexer. Bench-top testing showed that the multiplexer can be positioned with the required accuracy and precision for launching into fiber optics, and can be switched at the relatively high switching rates needed to operate modern natural gas engines. Another test employed the multiplexer to alternately launch laser pulses into a pair of hollow fibers in a way that allows spark creation downstream of the fibers.

High efficiency and stable tungsten phosphide cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 12513-12519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Zhang ◽  
Weifeng Yao ◽  
Cunping Huang ◽  
Penghui Shi ◽  
Qunjie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production ◽  
Tungsten Phosphide

Low-cost and abundant tungsten phosphide (WP) is observed as an active cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 production from water.

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