scholarly journals APOTEOZA SOCIJALNE DRŽAVE: IMPERATIVNI ZAHTJEV OSTVARENJA SOCIJALNE PRAVDE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Valentino Kuzelj ◽  
Sonja Cindori ◽  
Ana Horvat Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
International Obligation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms

By deliberate choice of the Croatian constitution-makers, the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia protects all economic, social and cultural rights guaranteed by constitutions of developed European democracies and by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to which Croatia is a party. This creates a dual (constitutional and international) obligation for the Croatian legislature to establish a socially just order. Although the constitutional text places both of the human rights generations within the same title, the constitutional jurisprudence adopted a position, whereby socioeconomic rights are excluded from the sphere of organic laws used to elaborate the constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights and freedoms. This development notwithstanding, the potential of their protection before the Constitutional Court has not been reduced, as the Court has developed an impressive list of doctrinal positions on the nature of social rights, committing to the concept of social state as a foundational element of European constitutionalism. Still, we would be remiss if we did not emphasize the Constitutional Court's passive stance towards the political branches of the government regarding the social rights and must therefore plead for a more active approach in that regard.

The concept and socio-economic essence of the constitution as the fundamental law of the state

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Parvana Bayram Babaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The Will ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms

The Constitution is the fundamental law not only of the state, but also of society, expressing the will of statehood and the sovereignty of the people. The Constitution establishes the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, socio-political institutions of power and a system of self-government of the people and acts as a legal basis for the formation and development of civil society. The constitution can be viewed as a micromodel, a legal symbol of society. It is within its borders and on its basis that the mechanism of state power operates, the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected, the directions of social development are determined. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a fundamental legal document establishing sovereignty, independence and supremacy of state power. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan covers not only the structure of the state, but also non-state spheres - the foundations of the socio-economic structure, the cultural life of society, the rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen. Key words: constitution, right, state, law, society, fundamental law, regulation, human rights and freedoms

Constitutional Court and Constitutional Review in Albania

ICL Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunilda Bara ◽  
Jonad Bara
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
Legal Writers

AbstractThis article tends to give an insight on the historical and institutional develop­ment of the Constitutional Court of Albania, on the need of the society and the historical changes that led to its creation.It focuses especially on the role and competences of this Court on the protection of the rule of law, of the constitutional principles, on the balancing and division of powers, on the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. Its aim is to provide overall information on the functioning and standards it follows.It is based on the jurisprudence of this Court during the years and is enriched by its deci­sions on particular subjects and compares this Court to other similar ones in Eastern Euro­pean countries.The article is mainly directed to scholars and legal writers whose aim is to compare the organization and functioning of the Constitutional Court of Albania to other similar courts.

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hatchard
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
New Order ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
We The People

“We the people of South Africa declare that … there is a need to create a new order in which all South Africans will be entitled to … enjoy and exercise their fundamental rights and freedoms.” (Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa)

scholarly journals Kedudukan Surat Edaran Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia di Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-61
Author(s):  
Taqiyuddin Faranis ◽  
Husni Djalil ◽  
Mahdi Syabandir
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Power ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Pasal 60 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintah Aceh dinyatakan bahwa masa kerja Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan (Panwaslih) berakhir 3 (tiga) bulan setelah pelantikan kepala daerah tepilih, sementara dalam regulasi yuridis lainnya khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 tentang Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum dan Pemilihan menegaskan berakhir paling lambat 2 (dua) bulan setelah seluruh tahapan penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum selesai. Ketua Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan Surat Edaran Nomor: 0240/K.Bawaslu/TU.0001/III/2017 tentang Penegasan Masa Tugas Lembaga Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Ad Hoc dalam Rangka Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil, Bupati dan Wakil Bupati dan/atau Walikota dan Wakil Walikota Tahun 2017. Surat Edaran tersebut disimpulkan bahwa masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh berakhir pada bulan Mei bagi daerah yang terdapat penyelesaian sengketa di Mahkamah Konstitusi dan bulan Juni bagi daerah yang vakum sengketa. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi penyelenggara Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dan menimbulkan kegaduhan dalam internal Panwaslih di Aceh. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimanakah kedudukan dan  kekuatan hukum Surat Edaran Bawaslu, mengkaji kepastian hukum masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh atas keputusan Bawaslu Republik Indonesia yang telah mengeluarkan Surat Edaran yang dijadikan rujukan Pemerintah Aceh untuk merevisi Peraturan Gubernur sebelumnya mengenai masa kerja Panwaslih di Aceh. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan.The article 60 paragraph (4) of the Act Number 11, 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh stated that the working period of the Election Committee ends 3 (three) months after the inauguration of the elected regional head, while in other juridical regulations especially the Act Number 15, 2011 concerning the General Election Organizer and the Election stipulates to expire no later than 2 (two) months after all stages of the election are completed. Chairman of the Election Supervisory has issued the Circular Letter Number: 0240/K.Bawaslu/TU.0001/III/2017 on the Affirmation of Ad Hoc Election Observer Period of Governor and Deputy Regent, Deputy Regent and Deputy Regent, and or Mayor and Deputy Mayor 2017. Based on the Circular Letter, it states that the working period of the Committee in Aceh ends in May for the area where there is a dispute resolution at the Constitutional Court and in June for the vacuum of the dispute. This has resulted in legal uncertainty for the election organizers and caused frenzy within the internal the Election Advisory in Aceh. This research aims to explore the position and legal power of the Election Supervisory Board Circular Letter, to review the legal certainty of the working period of the Election Committee in Aceh on the decision of General Election Supervisory Board of the Republic Indonesia which has issued a Circular Letter as the reference of the Government of Aceh to revise the previous Governor Regulation concerning the working period of the committee in Aceh. This is doctrinal legal research or library research.

scholarly journals Menakar Konstitusionalitas Syari’at Islam dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Hani Adhani
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
High Court ◽  
Technical Management ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Salah satu point penting yang diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki terkait dengan penegakan hukum di Aceh adalah diberlakukannya Qanun dengan tujuan untuk menghormati tradisi sejarah Islam dan adat istiadat rakyat Aceh yang mayoritas muslim. Selain itu, untuk mensinergikan antara Qanun dengan pengadilan, maka di Provinsi Aceh dibentuk suatu sistem peradilan Syar’iyah yang tidak memihak dan independen, termasuk pengadilan tinggi yang tetap merupakan bagian dari sistem peradilan Republik Indonesia. Pembentukan Pengadilan Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membuat kekhususan sebagaimana diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki pada tahun 2005.  Namun, dalam dataran teknis pengaturan manajemen pengadilan Syar’iyah juga masih terkendala khususnya oleh karena adanya dua aturan hukum yang berlaku yaitu Qanun yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilam Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Aceh dan undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat beserta Presiden. Hal tersebut berakibat Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh yang mengatur tentang teknis pengaturan pengadilan Syar’iyah dan pembuatan Qanun juga banyak di lakukan judicial review ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisa tentang efektifitas pemberlakukan Qanun dan pengadilan Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh pasca di undangkannya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh. Adapun tulisan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode penulisan normatif dengan pendekatan studi historis dan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengadilan Syar’iyah yang telah dibentuk di Provinsi Aceh meski pada awalnya mengalami kendala namun dapat berjalan baik. Adanya kekhususan yang diberikan kepada Provinsi Aceh merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menjalankan amanat konstitusi khususnya Pasal 18B UUD 1945.Kata kunci: Qanun, Pemerintahan Aceh, Mahkamah Syar’iyah, Mahkamah Konstitusi. Abstract One crucial point stipulated in the Helsinki agreement related to law enforcement in Aceh is the enactment of the Qanun with the aim of respecting Islamic historical traditions and the customs of the Acehnese people who are predominantly Muslim. Besides, to synergise between the Qanun and the court, in the Province of Aceh a Syar'iyah justice system was formed which was impartial and independent, including a high court which remained part of the judicial system of the Republic of Indonesia. The establishment of the Shariah Law in Aceh Province was one of the efforts to make it specific as stipulated in the Helsinki agreement in 2005. However, in the field of technical management of the Syariah court management is also still constrained especially due to the existence of two applicable laws namely the Qanun made by the Aceh Province Regional People's Representative Council and laws made by the House of Representatives and the President. This resulted in the Law on the Government of Aceh governing the Syar'iyah court and the Qanun being judged by the Constitutional Court. This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of the implementation of Qanun and the Syar'iyah court in Aceh Province after the enactment of the Law on the Governing of Aceh. The writing is made using normative writing methods with historical study approaches, and case study approaches. The results of the study showed that the Syar'iyah court which had been formed in the Aceh Province even though initially had problems but could work well. The specificity given to the Aceh Province is part of an effort to carry out the mandate of the constitution, especially Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution. 

PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT FORCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-140
Author(s):  
NATALIA V. KOLOTOVA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Government

International standards on human rights and Constitution of the Russian Federation put social rights on a par with civil and political rights what is interpreted as a necessity to provide them with equitable and efficient remedy, extension to them of the general principles of effect of human rights and the related remedial procedures. However, the specifics of the nature of social rights introduces its adjustments, at times, fairly significant ones. Thus, although Article 18 of RF Constitution proclaims the principle of direct force for all human rights, social rights primarily produce effect indirectly. Irrespective of the distinctions in the content of two principles — more generalized principle of direct effect of constitutional provisions and direct force of human rights; it is majorly recognized in the national doctrine of the constitutional right that the indirect force of social rights does not contradict to the general principle of direct effect of constitutional provisions. The indirect force of constitutional social rights is conditioned by the necessity of their specification and detalization in the laws; this can be stated in the rule itself or stem from a high degree of abstractness of social provisions formulated in the norms-standards and norms-principles. The indirect force manifests itself in the fact that courts when hearing cases related to challenging the provisions of social legislation apply the norms of the Constitution only in relationship with the specifying rules of branches of law referring to the fundamental constitutional principles.RF Constitutional Court distinguishes the rights "directly recognized by the Constitution" and "acquired by virtue of law" and pursues different policies in respect of their interpretation. The Court proceeds from the fact that the direct force of social rights is primarily aimed at the legislator who may not adopt laws unreasonably narrowing the scope of legal regulation of such rights thus interprets constitutional social rights in aggregate with other constitutional principles — support of citizens’ confidence in law and acts of the government, legal certainty and reasonable stability of legal regulation, proportionality etc.The highlighted specifics requires doctrinal comprehension and development of theoretical approaches to the content of a constitutional principle of direct force of human rights in the area of social rights, determination of legal tools and me cha-nisms of their remedy including via a proper judicial procedure.

scholarly journals Between rhetoric and reality: the relevance of substantive equality approach to addressing gender inequality in Mozambique

Afrika Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Durojaye
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Substantive Equality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
Key Words Gender

The purpose of this article is to examine the socio-cultural challenges that continue to limit women’s enjoyment of their fundamental rights and freedoms in Mozambique. In this regard, this article focuses on three areas of gender inequality – denial of inheritance rights, sexual violence and early/ child marriage -in the country. In addition, the article, using a substantive equality approach, critically examines whether the steps and measures taken by the government of Mozambique to address gender inequality are consistent with its obligations under international human rights law. For the purpose of this analysis, the article focuses on Mozambique’s obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women (African Women’s Protocol). The article concludes by making suggestions on how Mozambique can better safeguard the rights of women and improve their status. Key words : gender inequality, human rights, socio-cultural practices, Mozambique 

scholarly journals AKIBAT HUKUM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 85/PUUXI/ 2013 TENTANG PENGUJIAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Marwan Hsb ◽  
Hisar P. Butar Butar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Consequences

Constitutional Court’s authority under Article 24C section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in terms of review the legislation only to review the legislation against the Constitution. However, the decision No. 85/PUU-XI/2013 on Review of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, the Constitutional Court declared some of the implementing regulations of these laws do not fulfill the basic principles of water resources management restrictions. So it will be seen how the legal consequences of the Constitutional Court Number 85/PUU-XI/2013 and how to apply the power of the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. Whereas under Article 57 of Law of the Constitutional Court stated that the ruling of the Constitutional Court stated that the substance of sections, articles and/or parts of laws contrary to the constitution. So that the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources remains in effect throughout has been no decision or rule that states no longer valid. To avoid government regulation promulgated after the Constitutional Court ruling to overturn legislation that became the legal basis for the government to promulgate regulations, to be made the rule that when the Constitutional Court to investigate and adjudicate a law, then the process of formation of the implementing regulations on enactment legislation being tested is to be suspended until there is a decision of the Constitutional Court.

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