Characterization of Compressive Strength for Containerboard Using Short-Span Test

Ordinary Portland Cement is the most widely used binder in the construction sector; however, a very high carbon footprint is associated with its production process. Consequently, more sustainable alternative construction materials are being investigated, namely, one-part alkali activated materials (AAMs). In this work, waste-based one-part AAMs binders were developed using only a blast furnace slag, as the solid precursor, and sodium metasilicate, as the solid activator. For the first time, mortars in which the commercial sand was replaced by two exhausted sands from biomass boilers (CA and CT) were developed. Firstly, the characterization of the slag and sands (aggregates) was performed. After, the AAMs fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, being the characterization complemented by FTIR and microstructural analysis. The binder and the mortars prepared with commercial sand presented high compressive strength values after 28 days of curing-56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively. The mortars developed with exhausted sands exhibit outstanding compressive strength values, 86 and 70 MPa for CT and CA, respectively, and the other material’s properties were not affected. Consequently, this work proved that high compressive strength waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be produced and that it is feasible to use another waste as aggregate in the mortar’s formulations: the exhausted sands from biomass boilers.

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The Effect of Polymer Waste Addition on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Geopolymer Ceramics

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3540

Author(s):

Numfor Linda Bih ◽

Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽

Jechonias Bidossèssi Hounkpè ◽

Peter Azikiwe Onwualu ◽

Emmanuel E. Boakye

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fracture Surface ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Chemical Bonding ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Polymer Waste ◽

Pull Out

The quantity of polymer waste in our communities is increasing significantly. It is therefore necessary to consider reuse or recycling waste to avoid an increase in the risk to public health. This project is aimed at using pulverized low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste as a source to reinforce and improve compressive strength, and to reduce the water absorption of geopolymer ceramics (GC). Clay:LDPE composition consisting of 5%, 10%, and 15% LDPE was geopolymerized with an NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution and cured at 30 °C and 50 °C. Characterization of the geopolymer samples was carried out using XRF and XRD. The microstructure was analyzed by SEM and chemical bonding by FTIR. The SEM micrographs showed LDPE particle pull-out on the geopolymer ceramics’ fracture surface. The result showed that the compressive strength increases with the addition of pulverized polymer waste compared to the controlled without LDPE addition. Water absorption decreased with an increase in LDPE addition in the geopolymer ceramics composite.

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Random field characterization of uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus for intact rocks

Geoscience Frontiers ◽

10.1016/j.gsf.2017.11.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1609-1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Huaxin Liu ◽

Xiaohui Qi

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Random Field ◽

Uniaxial Compressive Strength

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Caracterización de la roca mediante propiedades físicas y su relación con la resistencia a la compresión simple

South Florida Journal of Development ◽

10.46932/sfjdv2n4-010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 5081-5093

Author(s):

Patricio Feijoo Calle ◽

Elizabeth Brito Verdezoto

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Approximate Determination ◽

Practical Application ◽

Calculation Methodology

En este trabajo se propone una metodología sencilla y de aplicación práctica en campo para la determinación aproximada de la Resistencia a la Compresión Simple (RCS) en rocas, propiedad o característica que es importante en minería, ya que mediante la misma, se ejecutan análisis para la valoración de factores de seguridad y estabilidad y/o posibles sistemas de fortificación en las obras o estructuras mineras, a más de que la caracterización de la RCS es también influyente en el uso de explosivos para la explotación o extracción de materiales de una cantera o mina. Esta estimación se la propone en base a la determinación de las siguientes tres propiedades de la roca, que en esta investigación las denominamos densidad, porosidad y absorción “en mina”. Estas propiedades físicas se las puede obtener de una forma simple, pero metódica y en este trabajo se han ejecutado ensayos sobre un mismo material o roca proveniente de la zona de Cojitambo, provincia del Cañar (Ecuador) y sobre una base de 60 muestras o probetas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten una correlación entre las propiedades antes descritas y la RCS, a más que se ha estructurado una metodología de cálculo para el objetivo planteado. This work proposes a simple methodology and practical application in the field for the approximate determination of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) in rocks, property or characteristic that is important in mining, since through it analyzes are carried out to the assessment of security and stability factors and/or possible fortification systems in the works or mining structures, in addition to the characterization of the UCS is also influential in the use of explosives for the exploitation or extraction of materials from a quarry or mine. This estimate is proposed based on the determination of the following three properties of the rock, which in this investigation we call density, porosity and absorption “in mine”. These physical properties can be obtained in a simple, but methodical way and in this work, tests have been carried out on the same material or rock from the Cojitambo area, Cañar province (Ecuador) and on the basis of 60 samples or test tubes. The results obtained allow a correlation between the properties described above and the UCS, in addition to a calculation methodology for the proposed objective.

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Formulation and characterization of structural lightweight concrete containing residues of porcelain tile polishing, tire rubber and limestone

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/0366-69132017633682139 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (368) ◽

pp. 530-535

Author(s):

Z. L. M. Sampaio ◽

A. E. Martinelli ◽

T. S. Gomes

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Void Ratio ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Tire Rubber ◽

Increased Strength ◽

Porcelain Tile

Abstract The recent increase in the construction industry has transformed concrete into an ideal choice to recycle a number of residues formerly discarded into the environment. Among various products, porcelain tile polishing, limestone and tire rubber residues are potential candidates to replace the fine aggregate of conventional mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of varying contents of these residues in lightweight concrete where expanded clay replaced gravel. To that end, slump, compressive strength, density, void ratio, porosity and absorption tests were carried out. The densities of all concrete formulations studied were 10% lower to that of lightweight concrete (<1.850 kg/m³). Nevertheless, mixes containing 10 to 15% of combined residues reduced absorption, void ratio and porosity, at least 17% lower compared to conventional concrete. The strength of such formulations reached 27 MPa at 28 days with consistency of 9 to 12 cm, indicating adequate consistency and increased strength. In addition, the combination of low porosity, absorption and voids suggested improved durability.

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Synthesis and Characterisation of Slag Based Geopolymers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.155 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 636-637 ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Panagiotopoulou ◽

Glykeria Kakali ◽

Sotiris Tsivilis ◽

T. Perraki ◽

Maria Perraki

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Starting Material ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

High Compressive Strength ◽

Geopolymer Matrix ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Ion

In the present work the geopolymerisation of blast furnace slag (GGBS) under varying conditions is being investigated. The experimental comprises the following parts: i) dissolution of slag in alkaline media and the investigation of the effect of the alkali ion (K or Na) on the dissolution of Al+3 and Si4+, ii) synthesis of slag based geopolymers and the investigation of the effect of the Si/Al ratio and the kind of alkaline ion on the development of the compressive strength and iii) characterization of geopolymers by means of XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS measurements. As it is concluded, blast furnace slag geopolymers exhibit high compressive strength, with the maximum being 112.7±2 MPa. The Si/Al ratio of the starting material is found to affect strongly the development of the geopolymer compressive strength. The microstructure of slag–based geopolymers and the incorporation of Ca in the geopolymer matrix are also discussed.

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