Ghrelin and Obesity-An Update

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandhi M. ◽  
Swaminathan S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Hormones

Ghrelin as human natural hormones is involved in fundamental regulatory process of eating and energy balance. It is a stomach derived hormone that acts as at the ghrelin receptor in multiple tissues throughout to the body. Its properties includes increasing appetite, decreasing systemic inflammation, decreasing vascular resistance ,increasing cardiac output, increasing glucose and IGF-1 levels, Hence it may play a significant role in Diabetes mellitus. Many studies have linked ghrelin to obesity and this paper is an attempt to bring out recent findings on the role of ghrelin in Diabetes Mellitus, particularly type2 Diabetes mellitus.

Serum level of Arginine and Symmetric dimethyl arginine in patients with prediabetes and type2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Basheer Sultan Dayir ◽  
Mohammed I. Hamzah ◽  
Mahmood S.H. Khudair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dimethyl Arginine

SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN GENE POLYMORPHISM AND RISK OF TYPE2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN EGYPTIAN MEN

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shereen El Tarhouny ◽  
Soha Zakaria ◽  
Khaled d Hadhoud ◽  
Manal Hanafi ◽  
Azza Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Globulin Gene

scholarly journals Hemodynamic abnormalities during muscle metaboreflex activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Roberto ◽  
Raffaele Milia ◽  
Azzurra Doneddu ◽  
Virginia Pinna ◽  
Girolamo Palazzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response

Metaboreflex is a reflex triggered during exercise or postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) by metaboreceptor stimulation. Typical features of metaboreflex are increased cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure. Patients suffering from metabolic syndrome display hemodynamic abnormalities, with an exaggerated systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and reduced CO response during PEMI-induced metaboreflex. Whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have similar hemodynamic abnormalities is unknown. Here we contrast the hemodynamic response to PEMI in 14 patients suffering from DM2 (age 62.7 ± 8.3 yr) and in 15 age-matched controls (CTLs). All participants underwent a control exercise recovery reference test and a PEMI test to obtain the metaboreflex response. Central hemodynamics were evaluated by unbiased operator-independent impedance cardiography. Although the blood pressure response to PEMI was not significantly different between the groups, we found that the SVR and CO responses were reversed in patients with DM2 as compared with the CTLs (SVR: 392.5 ± 549.6 and −14.8 ± 258.9 dyn·s−1·cm−5; CO: −0.25 ± 0.63 and 0.46 ± 0.50 l/m, respectively, in DM2 and in CTL groups, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Of note, stroke volume (SV) increased during PEMI in the CTL group only. Failure to increase SV and CO was the consequence of reduced venous return, impaired cardiac performance, and augmented afterload in patients with DM2. We conclude that patients with DM2 have an exaggerated vasoconstriction in response to metaboreflex activation not accompanied by a concomitant increase in heart performance. Therefore, in these patients, blood pressure response to the metaboreflex relies more on SVR increases rather than on increases in SV and CO. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The main new finding of the present investigation is that subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an exaggerated vasoconstriction in response to metaboreflex activation. In these patients, blood pressure response to the metaboreflex relies more on systemic vascular resistance than on cardiac output increments.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction: A Complication of Diabetes or a Factor That Complicates Glucose Metabolism? A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5637
Author(s):  
Evanthia Gouveri ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Central Neuropathy

The present narrative review presents emerging data regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction and discusses the role of olfactory dysfunction in glucose metabolism. We searched relevant published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar until October 2021. Main key words included “olfactory dysfunction”, “diabetes mellitus”, and “glucose metabolism”. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it has been proposed to be a diabetic complication, given that it has been linked with microvascular complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, it has been suggested that olfactory dysfunction is a manifestation of central neuropathy in diabetes, a hypothesis based on the observation that diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, and cognitive decline often coexist. However, evidence is limited and inconsistent. More importantly, olfactory and endocrine systems are closely linked, and olfactory dysfunction plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and obesity. Indeed, food behaviour and energy balance are influenced by olfaction status.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Exposure to Contrasting Temperatures on the Body of Working Age Men with Different Types of Autonomic Regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-404
Author(s):  
Tat’yana A. Fisher ◽  
◽  
Svetlana S. Kolyvanova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Working Age

The aim of this paper was to study changes in the haemodynamic and psychophysiological parameters of working age men as a result of repeated exposure to contrasting temperatures, depending on the type of autonomic regulation. Materials and methods. The research involved 14 men (aged 34.77 ± 5.66 years; office workers) divided into two groups according to Kérdö index: those with the sympathetic (n = 8) and parasympathetic (n = 6) types of self-regulation. Cold conditioning followed a certain plan of exposure to contrasting temperatures. The haemodynamic and psychophysiological parameters as well as adaptive potential were assessed 20 minutes before and 20 minutes after the exposure (alternating temperature cycles). We examined the following parameters: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, vascular resistance, and adaptive potential according to Baevsky. Integral psychophysiological parameters were determined using the Lüscher express method. Results. Subjects with predominance of sympathetic regulation both before and after the exposure to contrasting temperatures had higher values of heart rate and cardiac output and lower vascular resistance than the parasympathicotonic group. Individuals with predominance of parasympathetic regulation showed decreased cardiac output and a significant increase in vascular resistance after the exposure compared with the initial data. We found statistically significant differences in the integral parameters “heteronomy/autonomy” and “balance of personal traits” between the groups under study before the conditioning procedures. The research indicates that repeated exposure to contrasting temperatures not only affects the haemodynamic parameters, but also changes the psychophysiological parameters, motivated behaviour in particular. For citation: Fisher T.A., Kolyvanova S.S. Effect of Repeated Exposure to Contrasting Temperatures on the Body of Working Age Men with Different Types of Autonomic Regulation. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 394–404. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z077

Low exercise pulmonary resistance is not dependent on vasodilator prostaglandins

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindenfeld ◽  
J. T. Reeves ◽  
L. D. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

In resting conscious dogs, administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors results in modest increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, suggesting that vasodilator prostaglandins play a role in maintaining the low vascular resistance in the pulmonary bed. To assess the role of these vasodilator prostaglandins on pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise, we studied seven mongrel dogs at rest and during exercise before and after intravenous meclofenamate (5 mg/kg). Following meclofenamate, pulmonary vascular resistance rose both at rest (250 24 vs. 300 +/- 27 dyn . s . cm-5, P less than 0.01) and with exercise (190 +/- 9 vs. 210 +/- 12 dyn . s . cm-5, P less than 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance rose slightly following meclofenamate both at rest and during exercise. There were no changes in cardiac output. The effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition, although significant, were less during exercise than at rest. This suggests that the normal fall in pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise depends largely on factors other than vasodilator prostaglandins.

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