scholarly journals Diallyl disulfide regulates purine metabolism and their metabolites in diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Prashanthkumar Goudappala ◽  
C. V. Yogaraje Gowda ◽  
R. T. Kashinath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Purine Metabolites ◽  
Liver Tissues

Objectives: The garlic and its principle sulfur compound, diallyl disulfide (DADS), have been claimed to have hypoglycemic activity and are helpful in achieving glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. The exact uric acid mechanism about the DADS controls on glucose level in diabetes mellitus is not clearly established though it is known that DADS does influence insulin action probably by improving insulin half-life. A study was undertaken to examine the role of DADS on purine metabolism and their metabolites in the diabetic condition and the probable connection of uric acid, xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes in rat model. Materials and Methods: The induction of diabetes was done by alloxan and diabetic rats were treated with DADS for 30 days and compared with the standard hypoglycemic drug metformin. Purine metabolites alteration was measured by the activities of ADA, xanthine oxidase, and uric acid in the diabetes induced rats. Results: DADS which exhibits its strong action on glucose utilization in the liver tissues by regulating the purine metabolites in diabetic condition showing favorable changes in the levels of xanthine oxidase, ADA, and uric acid levels. Conclusion: This establish the possible effect of DADS on purine metabolites in alloxan diabetic liver tissues and to associate this action of DADS with metformin which is a common drug used for treating type-2 diabetes mellitus. DADS can be used as a therapeutic drug for glycemic control in diabetes mellitus.

Xanthine oxidase and uric acid as independent predictors of albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Klisic ◽  
Gordana Kocic ◽  
Nebojsa Kavaric ◽  
Milovan Jovanovic ◽  
Verica Stanisic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

scholarly journals Association between serum uric acid and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case control study in Indian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Indu Verma ◽  
Archana Nimesh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

Background and Aim: Uric acid is a pro-oxidant molecule that might be implicated in increasing oxidative stress and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess serum uric acid and HbA1c level (an indicator of glycemic control) in these patients and speculate the association between the two. Methods: 40 newly diagnosed cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (20 males and 20 females) with age ranging between 35-70 years were statistically compared against 40 age and sex-matched healthy subjects with respect to their uric acid and HbA1c levels. Demographic data like the height and weight of patients was also recorded and statistically compared. Results: No statistical difference in age, height and weight were observed in type 2 diabetes cases vs. controls indicating that the groups were comparable. HbA1c and uric acid levels of males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in comparison to normal males and females(controls). Correlation analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between HbA1c and uric acid levels in male and female cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus Conclusion: Uric acid might have a role in the development or worsening of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are required with a larger sample size to clearly establish the relationship between uric acid and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus since studies in the literature have shown conflicting results and hence the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains poorly understood with respect to uric acid. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; uric acid, HbA1c; etiopathogenesis; correlation.

Multiple Cutaneous Creamy Papules and Nodules: A Case of Miliarial Gout

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
Mark G. Kirchhof ◽  
David Collins ◽  
Richard I. Crawford ◽  
Sheila Au
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
Monosodium Urate ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Tophaceous Gout ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

Background Tophaceous gout is the nonarticular deposition of monosodium urate resulting from a disorder in purine metabolism that causes an elevation of serum uric acid. Cutaneous variants of tophaceous gout include papular, nodular, ulcerative, and pustular forms. Objective We present a case of a 67-year-old man who presented with multiple cutaneous creamy white papules and nodules. A biopsy was taken, and a diagnosis of cutaneous tophaceous gout was made. The treatment and pathophysiology are discussed. Conclusion Miliarial gout is a rare form of cutaneous tophaceous gout that is treated using xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol and febuxostat or uricosurics such as probenecid.

Purines in the Urine of Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (445) ◽  
pp. 1250-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Bollard ◽  
R. H. Culpan ◽  
N. Marks ◽  
H. McIlwain ◽  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body

Although there have been many attempts to discover in the body fluids, chemical peculiarities characteristic of schizophrenic illness, the outcome of most of these investigations has been inconclusive (see for example Altschule, 1953; Kety, 1959). Little attention has been paid, however, to purine metabolism until the recent studies of Kishimoto (1958) who reported peculiarities in the absorption spectra of body fluids in schizophrenia which he attributed to abnormalities in the conversion of adenine through hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. These findings appeared to be supported by evidence which included the determination of urinary xanthine by a xanthine oxidase method based on that of Williams (1950).

scholarly journals Effects of Additional Administration of a Selective Inhibitor of Sodium Glucose co-transporter-2 Inhibitor on the Glycemic Control in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving Treatment with a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Masataka Kusunoki ◽  
Daisuke Sato ◽  
Takahiko Sakazaki ◽  
Tetsuro Miyata ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

AbstractWe conducted this study to determine whether additional administration sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor might provide further improvement of glycemic control and also to explore any advantages in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients showing relatively good glycemic control under treatment dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We divided the patients in two groups, MT group and CT group. The MT group were continued on the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment for 6-months, and CT group were additionally administered an SGLT2 inhibitor treatment for 6-months. The MT group showed a significant decrease of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), but a significant increase of body weight, body mass index and serum uric acid, compared to the baseline values, while the CT group showed a significant decrease of HbA1c, body weight, BMI, and serum uric acid, and also a significant increase of serum HDL-cholesterol and decrease of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, this group showed a significant decrease of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), which are markers of liver function. These results suggest that the combination therapy is useful, in particular, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction. Among the SGLT2 inhibitors added to the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, the decreases of serum levels of AST, ALT and γ-GTP were particularly significant in the group receiving luseogliflozin, suggesting that the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with luseogliflozin is particularly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with liver dysfunction.

scholarly journals Vascularization Pattern After Ischemic Stroke is Different in Control Versus Diabetic Rats

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2875-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshini Prakash ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Zhi Qu ◽  
Maribeth A. Johnson ◽  
Susan C. Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Sensorimotor Recovery

Background and Purpose— Pre-existing diabetes mellitus worsens brain functionality in ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that type 2 diabetic rats exhibit enhanced dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization and when these rats are subjected to cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury develop hemorrhagic transformation and greater neurological deficits. However, our knowledge of vascular and functional plasticity during the recovery phase of diabetic stroke is limited. This study tested the hypothesis that vascular repair is impaired in the poststroke period in diabetes mellitus, and this is associated with poor sensorimotor and cognitive function. We further hypothesized that glycemic control prevents impaired vascularization and improves functional outcome in diabetes mellitus. Methods— Vascularization was assessed in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres in control, diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus plus metformin groups 14 days after ischemic reperfusion injury, as well as in respective sham controls. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-stained vasculature was achieved by confocal microscopy, and stereological parameters, including vascular volume and surface area, were measured. Astrogliosis was determined by glial fibrillary acidic protein staining. The relative rates of sensorimotor recovery, cognitive decline, and spontaneous activity were assessed. Results— Vascular density in the peri-infarct area was significantly reduced in diabetes mellitus, whereas there was reparative neovascularization in control rats. Astroglial swelling and reactivity were more pronounced in diabetic stroke compared with control stroke. Diabetes mellitus blunted sensorimotor recovery and also exacerbated anxiety-like symptoms and cognitive deficits. Glycemic control started after stroke partially prevented these changes. Conclusions— Diabetes mellitus impairs poststroke reparative neovascularization and impedes the recovery. Glycemic control after stroke can improve neurovascular repair and improve functional outcome.

scholarly journals Hypolipidemic Activity ofEryngium carlinaeon Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Noriega-Cisneros ◽  
Omar Ortiz-Ávila ◽  
Edgar Esquivel-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mónica Clemente-Guerrero ◽  
Salvador Manzo-Avalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic administration of ethanolic extract ofEryngium carlinaeon glucose, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in serum of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels increased in serum from diabetic rats. The treatment withE. carlinaeprevented these changes. The administration ofE. carlinaeextract reduced the levels of creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Thus administration ofE. carlinaeis able to reduce hyperlipidemia related to the cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Traditional Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus with Xanthosoma sagittifolium on the Male Reproductive System of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Oridupa ◽  
Oluyemisi Folasire ◽  
Adedotun Owolabi ◽  
Oluwasanmi Aina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium

Abstract The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) targets glycemic control as well as prevention or reversal of other complications associated with the metabolic disorder. One of such complications is the infertility which has been traced to oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by DM. In this study, experimentally-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were fed with Xanthosoma sagittifolium (cocoyam) for 14 days and its effect on sperm morphology and characteristics, as well as histology of the testes were assessed. X. sagittifolium corm feed (Xs) were reconstituted with commercial rat feed to contain 25, 50, 75 or 100% X. sagittifolium on a weight/weight basis. One primary and 7 secondary cell abnormalities were observed with overall increased total abnormal sperm cells in the diabetic rats. Sperm cell motility was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all diabetic rats, but diabetic rats fed with Xs showed increased motility and liveability. Sperm volume was unchanged, but the depressed sperm count in the untreated diabetic rats was increased in Xs-fed rats. Histology of Xs-fed diabetic rats showed reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter and luminal diameter which was significantly enlarged in untreated diabetic rats. X. sagittifolium significantly (p<0.05) prevented further deterioration of sperm cell quality and reversed cell apoptosis as presented by increased sperm motility, liveability and count. In the overall, the chances of fertilization by sperm cells from diabetic patients will be increased as well as achievement of good glycemic control and prevention of further damage by the disease condition.

scholarly journals Association of Hyperuricemia and Urinary Albumin Excretion with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jai P Yogi ◽  
Anita Semar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii

ABSTRACT Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Long-standing diabetes and a poor glycemic control are the major factors which contribute to the development of various microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular changes in kidneys lead to microalbuminuria, which may further lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated. Elevated serum uric acid level has been recognized as a marker of endothelial dysfunction which contributes to the development of microvascular changes in various organs. The main objective of the present study was to assess the association of serum uric acid and urine microalbumin levels with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type II DM patients. One hundred diagnosed cases of type II DM were enrolled for the study. Blood samples were collected and estimated for fasting blood sugar, serum uric acid, and HbA1c. Also, 24-hour urine samples were collected and analyzed for microalbumin. A positive association (r = 0.203) was observed between HbA1c and serum uric acid. The study also suggested a positive association between glycemic control and microalbuminuria (r = 0.237) in diabetic patients. A strong positive association was also observed between uric acid and urine microalbumin levels (r = 0.338). Findings of the study, therefore, recommend that development of microvascular complications in type II DM patients can be averted by adopting dietary control and healthy lifestyle changes. Strict glycemic control and lowering of serum uric acid levels can be helpful in minimizing the risk of developing nephropathy and its progression toward ESRD. How to cite this article Fiza B, Yogi JP, Choudhary J, Semar A, Sinha M. Association of Hyperuricemia and Urinary Albumin Excretion with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):1-6.

scholarly journals Association between Related Purine Metabolites and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Xia ◽  
Zonghua Wang ◽  
Feifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Purine Metabolites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Aims. The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences of adenosine, adenine, inosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and assess the relationship between purine metabolites and disease.Materials and Methods. The study group consisted of 114 subjects which were divided into three groups: control (n=40), type 2 diabetes without retinopathy (n=35), and type 2 diabetes with retinopathy (n=39). Levels of metabolites were measured in plasma of all participants.Results. There is a significant increase of levels of adenosine (0.94±0.17 mg/L versus0.17±0.01 mg/L,P<0.001), inosine (0.297±0.078 mg/L versus0.086±0.010 mg/L,P<0.001), xanthine (1.01±0.21 mg/L versus0.54±0.05 mg/L,P=0.009), and uric acid (70.55±3.97 mg/L versus53.81±2.36 mg/L,P<0.001) with diabetic retinopathy compared to diabetes mellitus. The levels of adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine oxidase did not change. Uric acid, xanthine, inosine, and adenosine correlated positively with systolic blood pressure and urea nitrogen.Conclusions. The levels of adenosine, inosine, uric acid, and xanthine may be useful for monitoring the progression of diabetic retinopathy and evaluating the treatment.

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