scholarly journals Use of dual-energy computed tomography post endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Mitchell Stanton ◽  
Gian Sparti
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Endovascular Management ◽  
Contrast Extravasation ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm

Background: Along with surgical clipping, endovascular management is one of the mainstay treatment options for cerebral aneurysms. However, immediate post procedural imaging is often hard to interpret due to the presence of contrast material. Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) allows differentiation between contrast extravasation and intracranial hemorrhage and this case illustrates the importance of this following endovascular treatment of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Case Description: A patient presented with acute ophthalmoplegia secondary to mass effect from an intracavernous ICA fusiform aneurysm. The patient underwent an endovascular flow diverting stent to treat this aneurysm. Post procedure, the patient had a reduced level of consciousness and underwent a conventional CT showing diffuse subarachnoid hyperdensity of the left hemisphere. Dual-energy CT allowed accurate differentiation and illustrated diffuse contrast material extravasation, allowing patient to continue on dual antiplatelets and therapeutic anticoagulation to reduce the risk of ischemic injury post endovascular stent. Conclusion: Use of dual-energy CT in the setting of endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms allows accurate diagnosis of any postoperative complications. Specifically, differentiating between subarachnoid hemorrhage and contrast extravasation is vital in these patients due to the significant consequences to their ongoing management in regard to continuation or cessation of antiplatelets or anticoagulation. With increasing access to this technology, its use should become standard practice in the post-operative investigation of these patients undergoing endovascular treatment.

scholarly journals An Image-Domain Contrast Material Extraction Method for Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Lambert ◽  
Yuxin Sun ◽  
Robert G. Gould ◽  
Michael A. Ohliger ◽  
Zhixi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Image Domain ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Material Extraction

Potential of gadolinium as contrast material in second generation dual energy computed tomography – An ex vivo phantom study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte N. Bongers ◽  
Christoph Schabel ◽  
Bernhard Krauss ◽  
Claus D. Claussen ◽  
Konstantin Nikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Image Quality and Dose Comparison of Single-Energy CT (SECT) and Dual-Energy CT (DECT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ramin Ghasemi Shayan ◽  
Maryam Oladghaffari ◽  
Fakhrosadat Sajjadian ◽  
Mona Fazel Ghaziyani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Dose Comparison ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Accurate Comparison

CT and its comprehensive usage have become one of the most indispensable components in medical field especially in the diagnosis of several diseases. SECT and DECT have developed CT diagnostic potentials in several means. In this review article we have discussed the basic principles of single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography and their important physical differences which can cause better diagnostic evaluation. Moreover, different organs diagnostic evaluations through single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography have been discussed. Conventional or single-energy CT (SECT) uses a single polychromatic X-ray beam (ranging from 70 to 140 kVp with a standard of 120 kVp) emitted from a single source and received by a single detector. The concept of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is almost as old as the CT technology itself; DECT initially required substantially higher radiation doses (nearly two times higher than those employed in single-energy CT) and presented problems associated with spatial misregistration of the two different kV image datasets between the two separate acquisitions. The basic principles of single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography and their important physical differences can cause better diagnostic evaluation. Moreover, different organs diagnostic evaluations through single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography have been discussed. According to diverse data and statistics it is controversial to definitely indicate the accurate comparison of image quality and dose amount.

scholarly journals Dual-energy computed tomography angiography: virtual calcified plaque subtraction in a vascular phantom

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 205846011771776
Author(s):  
Kwang Nam Jin ◽  
Jin Wook Chung ◽  
Eun-Ah Park ◽  
Whal Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
General Linear Model Analysis ◽  
Calcified Plaque

Background Material decomposition of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables subtraction of calcified plaque. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of lumen area measurement in calcified plaque by subtraction of DECT and to determine the effect of contrast material concentration, lumen diameter, density, and thickness of calcified plaque for the measurement. Material and Methods Vessel phantoms were made with six lumen diameters (5.7, 4.9, 3.9, 3.0, 1.9, and 1.3 mm) and six types of calcified plaques with three densities and two thicknesses were attached. CT scans were performed with three contrast material concentrations (62, 111, and 170 mg iodine/mL). Lumen area discrepancy (AD) was calculated by subtracting the measured lumen area from a reference value. The lumen area underestimation percentage (AU), defined as (AD/reference value) × 100, was calculated. General linear model analysis was used to test the effect of variables for log-transformed AU (ln_AU). Results The AD and AU was calculated to be 6.1 ± 4.8 mm2 and 69.8 ± 29.4%, respectively. Ln_AU was significantly affected by contrast material concentration ( P < 0.001), calcium density ( P = 0.001), plaque thickness ( P = 0.010), and lumen diameter ( P < 0.001). Ln_AU was significantly higher in 62 mg iodine/mL than in 111 or 170 mg iodine/mL ( P < 0.001 for both). Ln_AU was significantly lower at a lumen diameter of 5.7 mm than 3.9 mm ( P = 0.001) or 3.0 ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Calcified plaque subtraction in DECT substantially underestimates measurements of lumen area. Higher enhancement in larger vessels ensures more accurate subtraction of calcified plaque.

Experimental feasibility of dual-energy computed tomography based on the Thomson scattering X-ray source

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1797-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Chi ◽  
Yingchao Du ◽  
Lixin Yan ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Hongze Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Thomson Scattering ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography

Unlike large-scale and expensive synchrotron radiation facilities, the Thomson scattering X-ray source can provide quasi-monochromatic, energy-tunable and high-brightness X-ray pulses with a small footprint and moderate cost, making it an excellent candidate for dual-energy and multi-energy imaging at laboratories and hospitals. Here, the first feasibility study on dual-energy computed tomography (CT) based on this type of light source is reported, and the effective atomic number and electron-density distribution of a standard phantom consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, water and aluminium is derived. The experiment was carried out at the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source with peak energies of 29 keV and 68 keV. Both the reconstructed effective atomic numbers and the retrieved electron densities of the three materials were compared with their theoretical values. It was found that these values were in agreement by 0.68% and 2.60% on average for effective atomic number and electron density, respectively. These results have verified the feasibility of dual-energy CT based on the Thomson scattering X-ray source and will further expand the scope of X-ray imaging using this type of light source.

Dual Energy Computed Tomography for Diagnosis and Monitoring Attempted Medical Management of a Large Urate Urolith in a Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Eisenbarth ◽  
David M. Gauntt ◽  
Anne E. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Gopherus Agassizii ◽  
Desert Tortoise ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography

An estimated 29-year-old male, desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii ) under professional care presented for endoscopic liver biopsies as part of a diagnostic work-up for recurrent, profound anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Suspected cystoliths were identified during endoscopy but were not visible on contemporary radiographs. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging confirmed the presence of a large urate urolith filling the majority of the bladder. Due to the recent clinical illness, the tortoise was considered a poor surgical candidate. Medical management consisting of urinary alkalinization with potassium citrate, vibration therapy, and daily warm water soaks was elected. Following institution of medical therapies, the tortoise began passing pieces of urate stone that were 0.25-2.0cm in diameter during daily soaks. A recheck DECT scan at two months indicated the urolith was approximately 1/3 the initial size, suggesting medical therapy was effectively treating the urolith. Unfortunately, after five months of medical therapy, the stone had increased in size again on the follow-up DECT scan. This case report suggests that medical management may be a potential option for large urate cystoliths in desert tortoises, though more research is needed to further refine effective therapeutics for such cases. The use of dual-energy CT imaging was essential in this case as it enabled confirmation of stone presence, identification of urolith composition, and monitoring of response to therapy.

scholarly journals Optimization of low-dose scan parameters in dual-energy computed tomography for displaying the anterior cruciate ligament

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052092787
Author(s):  
Rui Bai ◽  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Rurui Li ◽  
Xiaohua He ◽  
Zhibo Wen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objective This study was performed to assess low-dose scan parameters in dual-energy computed tomography (CT) for displaying the anterior cruciate ligament. Methods Dual-energy CT scans with low and standard dose parameters, respectively, were performed in nine human knee joint specimens. Eighteen imaging data sets for cruciate ligament specimens were obtained and processed. Statistical analysis was performed for signal-to-noise ratios of the CT images and subjective scores. Results Comparable signal-to-noise ratios and subjective image quality scores by evaluators in dual-energy CT anterior cruciate ligament images between the low and standard-dose groups were observed. Conclusion Low-dose scan parameters do not compromise the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament imaging.

The utility of dual-energy computed tomography angiography for the evaluation of brain aneurysms after endovascular coiling: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110667
Author(s):  
Parviz Dolati ◽  
Christopher S Ogilvy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Endovascular Coiling ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Brain Aneurysms ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background Non-invasive alternatives to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for follow-up of patients with coiled aneurysms are sought. Purpose To compare a novel method of dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA) for postoperative assessment of coiled brain aneurysms to detect aneurysm recanalization and patency of adjacent blood vessels, with DSA. Material and Methods Patients who underwent endovascular cerebral aneurysm coiling were prospectively evaluated postoperatively by both DE-CTA and conventional DSA. CTA was performed using a novel dual-energy method with single-source and fast kilovoltage switching. DSA was performed using biplanar cerebral angiography. An experienced neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon, both blinded to the original radiological results, reviewed the images. Results A total of 54 patients (16 men, 38 women; mean age=47.6 + 9 years) with 55 coiled aneurysms were enrolled in our study between July 2014 and June 2015: 29 patients had suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage and 26 patients had an incidentally found cerebral aneurysm. All patients had at least one DSA and DE-CTA performed at most one week apart. DE-CTA showed a 100% sensitivity and specificity in detection of complete aneurysm occlusion and 80% sensitivity and specificity for detection of residual necks and domes. DE-CTA successfully detected all vascular diameter changes as comparable to DSA with minimal interfering artifact. Conclusion DE-CTA is a promising non-invasive alternative to conventional catheter-based angiography for identification of aneurysm recurrence and assessment of adjacent arteries after endovascular coiling. It allows for far more rapid image acquisition than DSA, is non-invasive, and is widely available at clinical centers.

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