Performance of beef cows receiving cull beans, sunflower meal, and canola meal as protein supplements while grazing native winter range in Eastern Colorado.

Soybean meal (SBM) is a byproduct from the oil-industry widely used as protein supplement to ruminants worldwide due to its nutritional composition, high protein concentration, and availability. However, the dependency on monocultures such as SBM is problematic due to price fluctuation, availability and, in some countries, import dependency. In this context, oilseeds from the mustard family such as rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus and Brassica campestris), camelina (Camelina sativa), and carinata (Brassica carinata) have arisen as possible alternative protein supplements for ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this comprehensive review was to summarize results from studies in which canola meal (CM), camelina meal (CMM), and carinata meal (CRM) were fed to ruminants. This review was based on published peer-reviewed articles that were obtained based on key words that included the oilseed plant in question and words such as “ruminal fermentation and metabolism, animal performance, growth, and digestion”. Byproducts from oil and biofuel industries such as CM, CMM, and CRM have been evaluated as alternative protein supplements to ruminants in the past two decades. Among the three plants reviewed herein, CM has been the most studied and results have shown an overall improvement in nitrogen utilization when animals were fed CM. Camelina meal has a comparable amino acids (AA) profile and crude protein (CP) concentration to CM. It has been reported that by replacing other protein supplements with CMM in ruminant diets, similar milk and protein yields, and average daily gain have been observed. Carinata meal has protein digestibility similar to SBM and its CP is highly degraded in the rumen. Overall, we can conclude that CM is at least as good as SBM as a protein supplement; and although studies evaluating the use of CMN and CRM for ruminants are scarce, it has been demonstrated that both oilseeds may be valuable feedstuff for livestock animals. Despite the presence of erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed, no negative effect on animal performance was observed when feeding CM up to 20% and feeding CMN and CRM up to 10% of the total diet.

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The influence of type and timing of protein supplementation on wool growth and protein synthesis in the skin of young Merino sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/a98190 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. G. Masters ◽

G. Mata ◽

S. M. Liu

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

The Other ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Wool Growth ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Dietary Treatments

There is limited evidence that the response in wool growth resulting from feeding protected protein supplements continues after the feeding has stopped. Feeding such proteins, alternated with traditional supplements, may increase wool growth as much as continuous feeding but at a lower cost. This experiment aimed to determine whether the response to protected protein continued after the sheep were switched to a cereal supplement. Over a 2-month experimental period, 56 weaners (5 months old, weighing 26 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Half were fed a diet containing 25% canola meal [partially protected protein with high concentrations of sulfur amino acids (SAA)] mixed with oaten hay, urea, and minerals. The other half were fed the same diet but with lupin seed (highly degradable protein with low concentrations of SAA) replacing the canola meal. Within each of the 2 dietary treatments and in each of 2 months, half of the weaners were fed the diet continuously, the other half were fed the diet for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of a barley, oats, hay, urea, and minerals diet. Another group of 8 weaners was fed the oats–barley diet continuously for 2 months. All sheep were fed to lose 35 g liveweight/day. Weaners fed canola meal grew 11% more wool during the experiment and had a higher rate of protein synthesis in the skin than weaners fed lupins. The response to canola meal of wool and skin was the same whether feeding was continuous or alternated with oats–barley, indicating that the benefits from feeding partially protected proteins continues after feeding has stopped.

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331 Economic comparison of march and may calving systems in the nebraska sandhillls

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 131-132

Author(s):

Devin L Broadhead ◽

Matt Stockton ◽

McKay Erickson ◽

Jackie A Musgrave ◽

Rick N Funston

Keyword(s):

Treatment Period ◽

Economic Model ◽

Production System ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Net Return ◽

Winter Range ◽

Feed Costs ◽

Economic Comparison

Abstract A 3-yr study evaluated the economic differences between a March and May calving production system of crossbred beef cows and their offspring from the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, NE. Both herds were treated as a common when not in treatment period. Adjusted calf weaning BW was higher (P) for March Calves (226.4 ± 1.1 kg vs 193.4 ± 2 kg). Pregnancy rates (89% vs 91%) were similar through both systems. The stochastic economic model used for the analysis was based on 9 yr of USDA AMS data. The model accounts for most assumptions within each system, including all labor, cull and replacement cow costs and feed costs. This analysis was on the total calf costs, total pair feed costs and average market net return at weaning. March systems wintered on hay had a positive net return 2 out of the 9 yr (Average of -$88.76/calf) and on cornstalks 8 out of 9 years in Dawson County, NE (Average of $62.75/calf). March systems on winter range feed 0.41 kg DM/(cow • d) of supplement had a positive net return 4 out of the 9 yrs (Average of $25.23/calf). The May system, no matter the treatments of range or meadow and with or without supplement, had a positive net return 2 out of the 9 years (Average of $-65.77 and $-83.90/calf). Within this analysis, even with the input costs being higher for March, the net return was still greater in a March vs May system. Further analysis will be done on different trts within each system.

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BIOTIN BIOAVAILABILITY FROM PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND CEREAL GRAINS FOR WEANLING PIGS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. MISIR ◽

R. BLAIR

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Response Curve ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Biological Availability ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Linear Portion ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Cereal Grain

The biological availability of biotin in canola meal (CM), cereal grain, cereal grain plus CM, and soybean meal (SBM) was estimated, using 140 pigs in the 10- to 20-kg weight range. In exp. I, pigs (six/treatment) were individually housed and fed a basal casein-cornstarch diet with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 μg d-biotin kg−1 to generate data for a dose-response curve based on plasma biotin concentration. Other pigs were fed CM, SBM or soyprotein isolate (SPI) included in the diet. In exp. II, pigs were housed in pairs and four pairs were fed diets based on cereal grain or cereal grain plus CM. Results (exp. I) showed a higher correlation between daily biotin intake and plasma biotin (r = 0.835, P < 0.01) than on growth rate (r = 0.627, P < 0.05). The regression for plasma biotin (Y) on biotin intake (X) computed from the linear portion of the curve (i.e., 0-200 μg added biotin kg−1) was[Formula: see text]Biotin bioavailability in various feedstuffs was highest for corn (101.2%), followed by SBM (85.5%), CM (70.9%), and wheat (33.3%), triticale (25.9%), sorghum (25.1%) and barley (24.0%). Key words: Biotin bioavailability, protein supplements, cereal grains, swine

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THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY MICRONUTRIENT, FAT AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN PELLETED FEEDS ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND OTHER TRAITS AMONG MALE BROILER CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-019 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽

H. W. HULAN ◽

K. B. McRAE

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

Key Words ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Protein Components

Three experiments involving 11 600 male broiler chickens sought to determine if the pelleting process affects the dietary micronutrient, fat and protein components to increase the incidence of sudden death syndrome. Processed dietary micronutrient and fat components were not significantly associated with an increase in sudden death syndrome among broiler chickens. In one of the experiments, the incidence of sudden death syndrome was reduced (P < 0.01) when the dietary protein supplements (soybean meal, canola meal and fishmeal) bypassed the pelleting process. Key words: Sudden death syndrome, broiler chickens, feed pelleting, fat, micronutrients, protein supplements

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Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas91-059 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 497-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

J. M. Bell ◽

M. O. Keith ◽

D. S. Hutcheson

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Nutritional Evaluation ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

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Nutritive value of live and dead components of two bunchgrasses

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas96-083 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 555-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. A. Houseal ◽

B. E. Olson

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Southwestern Montana ◽

Winter Range ◽

Bluebunch Wheatgrass ◽

Standing Dead ◽

Addition Rate ◽

Dead Material ◽

Fall Growth

On northern latitude winter rangelands, the effects of low forage nutritive value on animal performance are usually mitigated by supplementing livestock, although the amount of supplement is often not adjusted for available forage quantity and nutritive value. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of live (fall, spring) and dead component of two cool-sea-son bunchgrasses to meet nutritional requirements of cattle from fall through spring on a foothills range site in southwestern Montana. Several nutritive characteristics of live and dead components of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) were assessed during the winters of 1991–1992 and 1992–1993. In addition, rate and extent of dry matter disappearance, and extent of crude protein disappearance were determined in-situ using ruminally cannulated beef cows. Nutritive value of forage components of bluebunch wheatgrass and Idaho fescue were similar fall through spring. Fall growth was similar in CP and digestibility to April growth, and maintained these levels through winter. With normal forage intake rates on winter range, CP levels of standing dead material would not meet animal protein requirements fall through spring. When fall growth is not abundant, more protein supplement would be needed than when it is abundant. Matching animal requirements to forage availability and nutritive value, supplementing only when necessary and in appropriate amounts, could help reduce costs of winter feeding. Key words: Winter grazing, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, forage quality, cattle

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