BIOTIN BIOAVAILABILITY FROM PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND CEREAL GRAINS FOR WEANLING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. BLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Linear Portion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Cereal Grain

The biological availability of biotin in canola meal (CM), cereal grain, cereal grain plus CM, and soybean meal (SBM) was estimated, using 140 pigs in the 10- to 20-kg weight range. In exp. I, pigs (six/treatment) were individually housed and fed a basal casein-cornstarch diet with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 μg d-biotin kg−1 to generate data for a dose-response curve based on plasma biotin concentration. Other pigs were fed CM, SBM or soyprotein isolate (SPI) included in the diet. In exp. II, pigs were housed in pairs and four pairs were fed diets based on cereal grain or cereal grain plus CM. Results (exp. I) showed a higher correlation between daily biotin intake and plasma biotin (r = 0.835, P < 0.01) than on growth rate (r = 0.627, P < 0.05). The regression for plasma biotin (Y) on biotin intake (X) computed from the linear portion of the curve (i.e., 0-200 μg added biotin kg−1) was[Formula: see text]Biotin bioavailability in various feedstuffs was highest for corn (101.2%), followed by SBM (85.5%), CM (70.9%), and wheat (33.3%), triticale (25.9%), sorghum (25.1%) and barley (24.0%). Key words: Biotin bioavailability, protein supplements, cereal grains, swine

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY MICRONUTRIENT, FAT AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN PELLETED FEEDS ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND OTHER TRAITS AMONG MALE BROILER CHICKENS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Protein Components

Three experiments involving 11 600 male broiler chickens sought to determine if the pelleting process affects the dietary micronutrient, fat and protein components to increase the incidence of sudden death syndrome. Processed dietary micronutrient and fat components were not significantly associated with an increase in sudden death syndrome among broiler chickens. In one of the experiments, the incidence of sudden death syndrome was reduced (P < 0.01) when the dietary protein supplements (soybean meal, canola meal and fishmeal) bypassed the pelleting process. Key words: Sudden death syndrome, broiler chickens, feed pelleting, fat, micronutrients, protein supplements

Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith ◽  
D. S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
M. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. No differences in feed conversion or average daily gain (P > 0.05) were found among the treatments. Although LSO3 treatment did not improve the ADG of lambs fed barley-based diets, it increased the RUDP value of SM and CM without adverse effects on digestibility. Key words: Lignosulfonate, canola meal, soybean meal, lamb

scholarly journals Utilization of canola and sunflower meals as replacements for soybean meal in a corn silage-based stocker system1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lourenço ◽  
M. A. Froetschel ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
J. J. Tucker ◽  
R. L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 3 silage-based stocker diets. In Exp. 1, diets were fed to a total of 276 animals over a period of 3 yr and performance data was collected. In Exp. 2, the same diets were subjected to in vitro digestion for 5 time periods: 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, to evaluate IVDMD, production of fermentation end products, and efficiency of transformation of energy. The experimental diets were similar, except for their protein supplements. They were composed of: 1) 74% corn silage, 15.2% ground ear corn, and 10.8% soybean meal (SBM); 2) 74.4% corn silage, 9.8% ground ear corn, and 15.8% canola meal (CAN); 3) 74.5% corn silage, 9.8% ground ear corn, and 15.7% sunflower meal (SUN). Results from Exp. 1 showed that DMI was similar across all treatments (P = 0.167), but ADG was greater (P = 0.007) for animals fed either SBM or CAN than for animals fed SUN (1.29, 1.28, and 1.20 kg/d, respectively). Both CAN and SUN significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.001) daily feeding cost per animal in comparison to SBM. Exp. 2 revealed that total VFA production was similar for all treatments (P = 0.185), and greatest molar proportions of propionate were observed for SBM and CAN (P = 0.02). Additionally, IVDMD was highest for SBM (P &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis showed that most of the evaluated traits followed a quadratic trend for incubation times (P ≤ 0.02). On average, the in vitro technique used in this study was able to account for 97.03% of the caloric transformations suffered by DE throughout the different incubation times. Overall, our findings revealed that although animals receiving SUN had the cheapest daily feeding cost, important traits like ADG and feed conversion rate were negatively affected by this treatment. In contrast, data showed that CAN was an effective replacement for SBM for it maintained similar animal performance while decreasing feed costs. Therefore, from a producer standpoint, CAN is a viable alternative to replace the more costly SBM diet in silage-based stocker operations.

Evaluation of solvent and expeller linseed meals as protein sources for dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
J. J. Kennelly ◽  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the nutritive value of expeller linseed meal (ELM) and solvent linseed meal (SLM) as protein supplements for lactating dairy cows utilizing analytical and in situ procedures, and determine the in vivo nutritive value of the most promising linseed meal in diets containing either barley or corn-based concentrate. Canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SBM) were included in the evaluative stage for comparative purposes. Linseed meals contained 37.8 and 35.4% crude protein (CP); 22.6 and 25.9% neutral detergent fibre (NDF); and 12.9 and 7.1% crude fat for ELM and SLM, respectively. Rate and extent of dry matter, NDF, and CP digestion, as determined by the rumen in situ technique, indicated that ruminal digestibility of SLM was similar to that observed for CM, but ruminal escape of ELM protein was higher than for CM. The proportion of ruminal escape protein was similar for SLM, CM and SBM. Total tract CP digestibilities of SLM and CM were similar to and lower than those observed for ELM and SBM. Soybean meal had the highest total tract CP digestibility. Based on results of the analytical and in situ procedures, SLM was selected for evaluation in the in vivo experiment. Results indicated that SLM did not have any deleterious effect on digestion of other components of the diet, and parameters of rumen fermentation indicated similar digestion patterns for cows fed SLM and CM. Overall, results indicate that SLM has potential as a replacement for CM or SBM in diets of dairy cattle. It was also concluded that replacement of barley with corn does not influence the nutritive value of SLM for dairy cows. Key words: Linseed meal, canola meal, dairy cattle

The potential of isobutyraldehyde monourea (propanal, 2-methyl-monourea) as a nonprotein nitrogen source for ruminant animals

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash ◽  
M. Worsley
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Ruminant Animals

Experiments were earned out with sheep and in vitro to evaluate isobutyraldehyde monourea (IBMU; propanal-2-methyl-monourea) as a slow-release nitrogen source for ruminant animals. Examination of the compound for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen composition and infrared, NMR and mass spectral analyses indicated that IBMU was present in significant amounts. Ten sheep were randomly assigned to diets containing bromegrass hay and corn grain and the following nitrogen supplementation treatments: (1) control, (2) urea, (3) soybean meal, (4) canola meal and (5) IBMU, with the protein supplements providing approximately 25% of the nitrogen intake. Similar treatments were also prepared and evaluated in vitro, with the exception that wheat straw rather than bromegrass hay was used in the incubation. The digestibility of nitrogen in the ration containing IBMU was higher (P < 0.05) than its digestibility in the other rations when measurements were conducted with sheep over three 14-d periods. No differences in dry matter (DM) or energy digestibility were detected between the different treatments. The digestible energy content of IBMU was estimated to be greater than 21 MJ kg−1. The digestibilities of DM in vitro after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation were not influenced by the presence of IBMU. No influence of nitrogen supplementation on nitrogen balance was observed, probably because of the high protein content of the control ration (10.6%). IBMU exhibited the characteristics of an ideal slow-release nonprotein nitrogen supplement, since concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen did not vary from 0 to 8 h after feeding and ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) both before feeding and 8 h after feeding when IBMU was fed than when any of the other supplements were fed. The concentration of isobutyric acid averaged 2.6-fold higher when IBMU was fed than when canola meal or soybean meal was fed, confirming that most of the compound was degraded in the rumen. Sheep fed IBMU had lower concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the rumen than those fed natural protein supplements. It was unclear whether the decrease in VFA concentration was positive or negative in terms of nutritional value. It was concluded that IBMU exhibited some ideal characteristics for a nonprotein nitrogen supplement for ruminant animals because it was degraded at an optimum rate in the rumen and provided rumen microflora with isobutyric acid. Further experimentation is warranted to determine its usefulness when nitrogen-deficient diets are fed to ruminant animals. Key words: Nonprotein nitrogen, isobutyric acid, isobutyraldehyde, slow-release, isobutyraldehyde monourea, propanal-2-methyl-monourea

Protein supplementation of cows grazing limited amounts of paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-dominant irrigated pasture in mid-lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wales ◽  
D. W. Dellow ◽  
P. T. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Cereal Grain

Two experiments were undertaken in summer to investigate production responses by dairy cows offered paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-dominant irrigated pasture to the inclusion of protein supplements with different rumen degradable protein characteristics in cereal grain-based concentrates. In experiment 1, cows in mid lactation were offered limited amounts of herbage, at an allowance of 28 kg DM/cow. day together with 8.0 kg DM/cow. day of a pelleted supplement containing: (i) mainly barley and wheat; (ii) barley, wheat and canola meal; or (iii) barley, wheat and cottonseed meal for 35 days. The 3 supplements were formulated to have similar in vitro DM digestibilities. In experiment 2 aspects of rumen function were measured in 9 rumen fistulated lactating cows, individually fed indoors on paspalum-dominant herbage harvested daily with a finger bar mower. Cows were offered the same amount of supplements for 28 days. Pasture intakes were similar to those of the grazing cows in experiment 1. In experiment 1, there were no effects (P>0.05) of dietary treatment on herbage intake (10.2 kg DM/cow. day) or selection of nutrients from herbage. The concentration of crude protein in the total diet consumed was lower (P<0.05) for the barley + wheat treatment (137 g/kg DM), compared with the barley + wheat + canola meal and barley + wheat + cottonseed meal treatments, which were 179 and 183 g/kg DM, respectively. In vitro DM digestibility of the feed consumed by cows was similar across the treatments, and all diets contained greater than 400 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM, indicating there were no limitations due to dietary fibre. There were no significant effects (P>0.05) of dietary treatments on milk production (21.8 kg/cow. day), milk fat concentration (34.1 g/kg) or milk protein concentration (29.8 g/kg). Urea-N was higher (P<0.01) in the milk of cows fed the barley + wheat + canola meal and the barley + wheat + cottonseed meal treatments compared with the barley + wheat treatment. In experiment 2, rumen fluid pH was higher in cows consuming barley + wheat pellets than in cows consuming barley + wheat + canola meal on most sampling occasions. Rumen ammonia-N concentration was lowest in the barley + wheat treatment and highest in the barley + wheat + canola meal treatment. When cows grazing paspalum-dominant irrigated pasture were supplemented with 8 kg DM of a cereal-based supplement, metabolisable protein was calculated to be present in sufficient quantities to support at least 22 kg milk/cow. day and, hence, was not limiting milk production. It is concluded that protein supplements offered to cows in mid-lactation, grazing irrigated pastures in summer, are unlikely to give a milk production response beyond that achieved with cereal grain.

Comparison of sweet white lupin seed, canola meal and soybean meal as protein supplements for lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
B. M. Lees ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. J. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Matter Energy

Western-Canadian grown sweet white lupin seed (LS), canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM) were compared in situ and in digestibility and feedlot experiments using Romanov × Suffolk lambs. Barley-based (75.5% as fed) diets were isonitrogenous (15.5% crude protein, CP) with LS, CM or SM as protein source. Sunflower hulls were substituted as necessary for protein supplement to ensure the diets were isonitrogenous. The LS used in this trial was relatively low in alkaloids (0.03%), as compared with other lupins, and high in manganese (2347 mg kg−1). In situ, the effective rumen degradability of protein of LS was higher than that of either CM or SM. Rates of DM and protein disappearance were also higher for LS than for CM and SM. Digestibilities of DM organic matter, energy and nitrogen were higher (P < 0.05) in LS than in CM or SM diets, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the supplements in digestibilities of starch or NDF. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in feed conversion or DM intake of the three diets. Average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs receiving LS did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of lambs on the other two diets, but lambs on CM had higher ADG (P < 0.05) than lambs on SM. We conclude that LS is comparable to SM and CM as a protein supplement for lambs, provided care is taken to avoid toxic levels of manganese and alkaloids. Key words: Lupin, lamb, protein, canola meal, soybean meal

LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF GROWER AND FINISHER PIG DIETS BASED ON HIGH PROTEIN BARLEY, WHEAT AND SOYBEAN MEAL OR CANOLA MEAL, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THYROID AND ZINC STATUS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
C. S. DARROCH
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Daily Gain

A factorial experiment with four dietary levels of supplemental lysine (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25%), three protein supplements (soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), CM + 50 mg iodinated casein per kg diet), and two sexes of pigs (barrows, gilts) was conducted. Crossbred Lacombe × (Yorkshire × Landrace), specific pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted at 23 ± 1 kg weight in four replicates to pens of four pigs, individually fed. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 ± 2 kg. The diets were based on barley and wheat (2:1) and were pelleted (4.8 mm diam.). Average daily gain (ADG) responses during the growing period (23–57 kg) to increments of lysine were not significant (P > 0.05) but when ADG was adjusted by regression for variation in feed consumption there was a significant (P < 0.05) linear response (743, 748, 757, 772 g d−1). Feed:gain ratio also showed improvement (P < 0.05): 2.45, 2.44, 2.40, 2.35. Responses to lysine were similar for SBM and CM diets but pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed CM (779 vs. 745 g). There was no response to added lysine in the 57–100 kg weight range but pigs fed SBM had greater adjusted ADG than those fed CM (908 vs. 873 g) and better feed:gain ratio (3.33 vs. 3.46). Thyroid status was not affected but iodinated casein improved grower period feed:gain ratio. Carcass quality index was not affected (P > 0.05) by lysine level, protein source, iodinated casein or sex of pig. Pigs fed CM had lower serum zinc than those fed SBM. It was estimated that the addition of 0.25% lysine to diets containing 0.8% lysine resulted in 7% improvement in ADG and efficiency of feed utilization. Key words: Lysine, canola meal, zinc, thyroid, pigs

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