Diet Composition and Daily Gain of Growing Cattle Grazing Dryland and Irrigated Cornstalks at Several Stocking Rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernandez-Rivera ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

scholarly journals Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on herbage intake and grazing behaviour of stocker cattle grazing alfalfa-grass pastures

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Popp ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Stocker Cattle ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of grazing system (continuous and rotational), stocking rate (light, 1.1 steers ha−1; heavy, 2.2 steers ha−1) and season of use on forage intake and grazing behaviour of stocker cattle grazing an approximately 70% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), 25% meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.) and 5% Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) pasture. To determine organic matter intake, grazed herbage was collected with esophageal fistulated cattle and analyzed for in vitro digestible organic matter while fecal output was determined using chromic oxide. These variables were used to calculate organic matter intake. Daily herbage consumption (g OM kg BW−0.75 d−1 and kg OM d−1) did not differ (P > 0.05) for either grazing system or stocking rate from 1991 to 1993, with the exception of greater (P < 0.05) intakes at light compared with heavy stocking rates (10.9 vs. 8.4 kg OM d−1) late in the 1991 season. Grazing time was usually lower (8.9 vs. 10.3 h (3-yr mean); P < 0.05) in lightly than in heavily stocked pastures. As available herbage increased, cattle spent less time grazing (y = 12.46 − 0.00103 x; r = 0.48, RSD = 2.04, P < 0.001; where y = grazing time and x = herbage mass). Biting rates ranged from 28 to 32 bites min−1, regardless of year, season, grazing system or stocking rate. Rate of intake (g OM kg−1BW−0.75 h−1) did not differ (P > 0.05) for either grazing system, although it tended to be greater (P < 0.10) at light than at heavy stocking rates. As animals in lightly stocked pastures spent less time grazing, herbage was consumed at an increased rate, which was reflected in increased average daily gain (y = 0.28 + 0.067 x; r = 0.86, RSD = 0.14, P < 0.001; where y = daily gain and x = intake rate). Our results suggest that daily herbage consumption was not affected by grazing system or stocking rate; however, at lower stocking rates, grazing time declined and intake rate tended to increase. Key words: Alfalfa, cattle, ingestive behaviour, pasture

scholarly journals 57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Sarah M Montgomery ◽  
Brandi Karisch ◽  
Jane A Parish ◽  
Jesse Morrison ◽  
Brian Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass. Two diploid annual ryegrass cultivars (Marshall and Tam 90) and two tetraploid cultivars (Jumbo and Nelson) were planted in 0.81-ha pastures, each replicated four times. Four steers (mean initial BW = 214 kg) were randomly assigned to each pasture for an 82-d grazing period. Body weights were recorded starting at d0 then every 28 days throughout the season. Data were analyzed in the GLM procedure of SAS using a significance level of α = 0.05. There were significant differences between cytotypes with respect to seasonal yield with diploids (9547.90 kg/ha) yielding greater than tetraploids (7762.00 kg/ha). As expected, ADF and NDF fractions were significantly less for tetraploids (ADF; 31.39%, NDF; 31.39%) compared to diploids (ADF; 33.75%, NDF; 53.25%). Tetraploids also contained significantly greater crude protein (13.50%) than diploids (12.90%). Cytotype had no effect on final average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.9427). However, final ADG was significantly impacted by cultivar (P = 0.0134). Final ADG for Tam 90 (1.10 kg/d) was greater than Marshall (0.92 kg/d). Cattle grazing Nelson (1.04 kg/d) and Jumbo (0.99 kg/d) did not differ. Results show that regardless of differences in seasonal yield and nutritive value between cytotypes, there were no advantages in ADG for cattle grazing either cytotype.

Evaluation of Supplementation Programs for Growing Cattle Grazing Tall Fescue1

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Beck ◽  
S.A. Gunter ◽  
J.M. phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Growing Cattle

A Simulation Model of Forage Yield, Quality and Intake and Growth of Growing Cattle Grazing Cornstalks

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernandez-Rivera ◽  
M. Lewis ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein ◽  
T. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Yield Quality

scholarly journals 221 Optimizing sugar inclusion in high roughage diets for growing cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
Allison VanDerWal ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Alfredo DiCostanzo
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Producers wishing to background cattle may not have access to grain in certain regions of the country or when grain price is high. Sugar sources may replace grain under these circumstances. The objective of this study was to determine optimum sugar concentration based on daily gain and feed conversion in high-forage diets fed to growing cattle. Ninety-two Angus crossbred (Ranch 1) steers (n = 60; 339 + 11 kg BW) and heifers (n = 32; 309 + 14 kg BW), and 89 Red Angus crossbred (Ranch 2) steers (338 + 16 kg BW) were randomly allocated (5 to 7 hd/pen) within ranch and sex to one of 15 pens in each of two (north or south side) locations within a deep bedded confinement feedlot. Target dietary treatments were designed to contain supplemental sugar inclusion of 0%, 3.5%, 7% or 10.5% (8, 7, 8 or 7 replicate pens in each treatment, respectively) using a molasses-based supplement containing 56.8% sugar and 7.4% urea. Diets were comprised (DM basis) of hay (12%), corn silage, dry distillers grains (14.5%), dry rolled corn and a liquid supplement (5%); corn grain and corn silage inclusion varied from 21% to 32% and from 29% to 36%, respectively, to accommodate supplemental sugar. This resulted in dietary sugar concentrations of 4.3%, 7.3%, 10.3% and 13.3% or 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, as supplemental sugar. As concentration of sugar increased, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.006) with no change in ADG (P = 0.22) resulting in linearly decreasing feed conversion efficiency (P = 0.032). Iterated ME concentration of supplemental sugar was similar to that of corn grain (P > 0.06). Given the appropriate conditions, sugar may replace dry rolled corn and corn silage in high roughage diets for growing cattle.

Supplementation of growing cattle grazing warm-season grass with proteins of various ruminal degradabilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hafley ◽  
B. E. Anderson ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Growing Cattle

Responses to supplements by weaned lambs grazing mature pasture or eating hay in yards

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Freer ◽  
H Dove ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
JR Donnelly ◽  
GT McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake

Weaned crossbred lambs grazing mature pasture in summer at stocking rates of 14, 28 or 42 lambs/ha were supplemented for 60 days with 0, 400, 600 or 800 g/day of either sunflower meal or a 1:1 mixture of sunflower meal and oats. Mean daily gains in fasted weight without and with supplement were - 51 and 62 g, respectively, with no significant difference between the three feeding levels. Greasy wool production increased from 4.7 g/day without supplement to 9.9 g/day at the 600 or 800 g level but the composition of the supplement had no effect. Stocking rate had no effect on animal performance. It was estimated that pasture intake increased slightly with the first 400 g of supplement but fell sharply as the level increased further, with a substitution rate of 1.3. In two experiments, yarded lambs were offered oaten or lucerne hay ad libitum and mixtures of sunflower meal and oats at levels from 400 g/day to ad libitum. Mean daily gain in fasted weight increased from about 140 to about 190 g/day over this range of supplementation and greasy wool production from about 9 to about 10 g/day. In one experiment weight gain and wool production were significantly lower with a 1:6 mixture of sunflower meal and oats than with a 1:2 mixture and the same trend was shown in the other experiment. Measurements of intake showed that the substitution rate for both types of hay was only about 0.5. Comparisons of the animals' estimated requirements and intake in all three experiments indicated that the relatively poor performance of grazing animals was due to the very high substitution rate for grazed pasture at levels of supplement intake above 400 g/day.

Performance of growing cattle grazing moderate quality legume - grass temperate pastures when offered varying forage allowance with or without grain supplementation

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Beretta ◽  
A. Simeone ◽  
J. C. Elizalde ◽  
F. Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Temperate Pastures ◽  
Corn Grain

This research evaluated the effect of supplementation with cracked corn grain (0 or 1% of liveweight) on the performance of Hereford steers grazing a mixed pasture of legume and grass at 3 forage allowances (3, 6 or 9 kg DM/100 kg liveweight). The experiments were conducted in West Uruguay over 2 consecutive summers, with 72 Hereford steers (282 ± 15.3 kg; n = 36/year) randomly allocated to 1 of the 6 treatments in a factorial arrangement. Cattle were supplemented in individual pens and weighed every 14 days. Grain intake did not differ (P>0.05) between forage allowances. Both supplementing and increasing forage allowance reduced (P<0.01) forage utilisation. Year effect was significant (P<0.01) for liveweight gain and grain intake, but neither the 2- nor the 3-way interaction of year with forage allowance or supplementation was significant (P>0.05). Increasing forage allowance only improved (P<0.01) liveweight gain of non-supplemented cattle (0.299, 0.483, 0.667 kg/day for forage allowance of 3, 6 or 9%, respectively). Hence, response to supplementation decreased with forage allowance, increasing the grain (kg)/gain (kg) conversion ratio. These results provide a quantitative basis on which to decide upon the best feeding management option for summer.

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