Responses to supplements by weaned lambs grazing mature pasture or eating hay in yards

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Freer ◽  
H Dove ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
JR Donnelly ◽  
GT McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake

Weaned crossbred lambs grazing mature pasture in summer at stocking rates of 14, 28 or 42 lambs/ha were supplemented for 60 days with 0, 400, 600 or 800 g/day of either sunflower meal or a 1:1 mixture of sunflower meal and oats. Mean daily gains in fasted weight without and with supplement were - 51 and 62 g, respectively, with no significant difference between the three feeding levels. Greasy wool production increased from 4.7 g/day without supplement to 9.9 g/day at the 600 or 800 g level but the composition of the supplement had no effect. Stocking rate had no effect on animal performance. It was estimated that pasture intake increased slightly with the first 400 g of supplement but fell sharply as the level increased further, with a substitution rate of 1.3. In two experiments, yarded lambs were offered oaten or lucerne hay ad libitum and mixtures of sunflower meal and oats at levels from 400 g/day to ad libitum. Mean daily gain in fasted weight increased from about 140 to about 190 g/day over this range of supplementation and greasy wool production from about 9 to about 10 g/day. In one experiment weight gain and wool production were significantly lower with a 1:6 mixture of sunflower meal and oats than with a 1:2 mixture and the same trend was shown in the other experiment. Measurements of intake showed that the substitution rate for both types of hay was only about 0.5. Comparisons of the animals' estimated requirements and intake in all three experiments indicated that the relatively poor performance of grazing animals was due to the very high substitution rate for grazed pasture at levels of supplement intake above 400 g/day.

Responses to supplements by weaned lambs when grazing mature pasture or eating hay cut from the same pasture

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freer ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
A. Axelsen ◽  
J. R. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

SummaryWeaned cross-bred lambs either grazed mature pasture or were confined to yards where they were offered material cut from ungrazed areas of the same pasture. A 1:2 mixture (on an air-dry basis) of sunflower meal and oat grain was offered for 81 days at 0, 200, 400 or 600 g/head or ad libitum. Individual estimates of intake of pasture and supplement by grazing sheep at four levels of supplementation were made on four adjacent plots.Weight gain increased from –30 to 178 g/day in the grazing animals as supplement intake increased up to 1030 g D.M./day and from –25 to 142 g/day in the yarded animals as supplement intake increased to 1076 g D.M./day. Growth of greasy wool increased from 4·5 to 11·7 g/day for grazing animals and from 4·5 to 10·2 g/day for those kept in yards.At levels of supplement intake below 400 g D.M./day, the intake of grazed pasture increased by up to 58% compared with unsupplemented animals. However, when the intake of supplement was increased to about 650 g D.M./day, pasture intake fell, with an estimated substitution rate of 1·1 g D.M. pasture per g D.M. supplement. At all levels of supplementation, the intake of hay by the yarded lambs was less than half the intake of herbage in the field. However, at levels of supplement intake between 300 and 500 g D.M./day, the substitution rate was similar to that measured in the grazing animals, suggesting that this is an attribute of roughage quality, rather than differential eating behaviour between grazing and yarded animals.The wastage, w (g D.M./day), of supplement was linearly related to the amount offered, s (g D.M./day), by the equationw = 0·263s − 38·8; R2 = 0·89Variability in supplement intake between individual grazing lambs was not affected by the level of supplementation but the coefficient of variation of supplement intake was considerably greater than that of the intake of unsupplemented pasture. Variability in the intake of pasture increased with the level of supplementation but variability in the total intake of food was similar at each level of supplement, indicating some degree of individual compensation in the intake of the two components.

Gypsum labelled with tritiated water as a marker for estimating supplement intake by individual sheep fed in groups

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Supplement Intake

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate gypsum, labelled in its water of crystallization with tritiated water (TOH), as a marker substance for estimating the intake of solid supplements by grazing ruminants. The TOH-gypsum was prepared by mixing plaster of Paris with TOH and was then incorporated into pelleted supplements of sunflower meal (SFM) or rapeseed meal (RSM). All gypsum specific activity could be recovered by 48 h extraction with 0.02 M NaEDTA, but not 48 h extraction with water. When known levels of labelled SFM were fed to housed lambs, the mean difference between known and estimated intake was 4% or 28 g/d. The slope of the regression relating these intakes was not significantly different from 1 0. In the second experiment, the same lambs were offered labelled SFM outdoors, from communal troughs, at daily rates of 400 or 1000 g/head. In the first group, mean intake estimated from the marker was 2% or 8 g/d different from that estimated from trough measurements. In the second group, spillage and trampling of supplements was observed, and intake estimated using the marker was only 88% of that estimated from trough measurement. Variability between animals in intake was high and ranged from 336 to 1302 g/d over the two feeding levels. Accuracy of the marker method was confirmed in a third study with Merinos grazing wheat stubbles at two stocking rates, supplemented with 325 g/d of SFM or RSM. Those offered RSM ate very little, but intake was accurately detected down to levels of less than 30 g/d. The results are discussed in relation to possible sources of error, particularly day-to-day variations in individual intake.

Efficiency of conversion of food to wool. III. Wool production of ewes selected for high clean wool weight and of random control ewes on restricted and unrestricted food intakes in pens

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHS Dolling ◽  
LR Piper
Keyword(s):  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The clean wool production (W), gross energy intake (I), and body weight (B) of individually fed medium Peppin ewes representative of two groups, one (selected, S) genetically superior in W to the other (control, C), have been measured under restricted and ad libitum feeding of lucerne chaff in pens. Differences in favour of the S group were observed for W and W/I under both regimes, the respective relative values of S/C being under restricted feeding 110/100 and 112/100, and under ad libitum feeding 113/100 and 112/100. Of these between-group differences, only W/I on restricted feeding was significant (P < 0.05). Differences between groups for B and I were small and not significant. On restricted feeding the S/C values were 98/100 for both; on ad libitum feeding they were 99/100 for B and 101/100 for I. When the data from the two feeding regimes were combined, the between-group differences in both W and W/I were significant (P < 0.05), but no significant group x nutritional level interaction was observed in any character. The two levels of nutrition in the pens yielded wool production rates similar to those observed contemporaneously on natural pastures. There were large positive phenotypic correlations between net efficiency (W/I under restricted feeding) and gross efficiency (W/I under ad libitum feeding), and between net efficiency and W under both regimes. There were also positive phenotypic correlations between I and both W (moderate) and B (large) under ad libitum feeding. W/I accounted for 92% of the between-group (genetic) and 70% of the within-group (phenotypic) variation in W. There was no significant difference in plasma protein-bound iodine (PBI) between S and C ewes, while correlations between W and PBI were not significant within either group. The energetic efficiency of the wool production process is discussed; in this experiment no more than 1.5% of the energy consumed appeared as energy in the form of wool fibre.

Skin folds and Merino breeding. 9. Efficiency of conversion of food to wool

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
CH Davis ◽  
DG Saville
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Reduced Surface

This paper reports a study of the efficiency of wool production, liveweight change and ad libitum intake of 60 hogget ewes from flocks selected for 15 years for skin wrinkle (Folds Plus), against skin wrinkle (Folds Minus) and randomly selected as a control (Random). Initially, under restricted feeding ewes from each genetic flock consumed 594, 750, 951 or 1097 g DM day-1 of a lucerne pellet ration. The mean efficiency of clean wool production of Folds Minus ewes (8.47 g CW/kg D.M.I.) was less (P < 0.05) than that of either Random (9.38) or Folds Plus (10.18) ewes, which did not differ significantly. During the following ad libitum feeding period, the Folds Minus ewes again produced less wool than either of the other groups and their wool production was less efficient even though they consumed significantly less feed than either Random or Folds Plus ewes. The significant difference in intake between Random and Folds Minus ewes remained when the n takes were corrected for liveweight (kg), metabolic body size (kg0.73) or surface area based on liveweight alone (kg0.67). However, when fold score (FS) was included in the surface area estimate as LW0.67 + FS0.2 the intake difference between flocks became very small. The experimental results and components analyses of the pre- and post-shearing data showed that selection for skin fold had not changed wool growth rate or efficiency of wool production, but had reduced staple length. On the other hand, the lower wool production of Folds Minus ewes was due to both reduced surface area and lower wool production per unit area.

Growth of sheep to the age of three years after a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. KRAUSGRILL ◽  
N. M. TULLOH ◽  
D. L. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Free Body

At Mount Derrimut Field Station from 1982 to 1985, growth and body composition was studied in three groups of wethers from the same flock. A control group (C) and a restricted group (R) were housed from the age of 1 day until slaughtered. The first slaughter was at the age of c. 1 year (reported elsewhere) and the second at the age of c. 3 years. Apart from the first 36 days, when group R was fed a severely restricted ration, both groups were fed a high quality diet ad libitum throughout the experiment. At the end of the second year, a group of 2-year-old wethers (G) was introduced, to compare the growth of these sheep with those in groups C and R. Group G sheep were reared on their dams, kept as grazing animals and killed at the second slaughter.At the age of c. 3 years there was no significant difference between groups C and R for mean fleece-free body weights, but the sheep in group G were significantly lighter (P<0·01) in spite of reaching mature size for grazing sheep in the general flock.After the age of 7 months there was no significant difference between groups C and R in rate of wool production. Rate of wool production in group G sheep was not significantly different from that of sheep in the other groups except during the last 6 months, when they produced significantly less wool (P<0·05).Regression analyses for surface and X-ray measurements against fleece-free body weight (independent variable) showed no differences between groups C and R, except for width of metacarpal (X-ray measurement). In this case, the regression coefficients were different (P<0·01) but, at slaughter, actual bone measurements were the same. Both X-ray measurements and those at dissection showed that the metacarpals of group G were significantly (P<0·05) longer and narrower, and had a narrower cortex, than those in the other two groups (P<0·05).There were no significant differences between groups C and R in mean weight and chemical composition of the parts and tissues examined; however, the carcass fat content of sheep in group G was significantly less (P<0·01) than in the other two groups. The sheep in group G had higher weights (P<0·01) for the brain, the digestive tract (DT), kidneys and liver than those in groups C and R.Cell size in the semitendinosus muscle, as indicated by the protein[ratio ]DNA ratio, increased (P<0·01) between the first and second slaughters. There were no differences between groups in protein[ratio ]DNA ratios, but the DNA and protein contents were significantly higher (P<0·05) in the kidneys and liver in group G than in the other groups. Although the weights of the semitendinosus muscle were heavier (P<0·01) in groups C and R than in group G, on a fat-free basis, there were no significant differences between treatments in muscle weight or in DNA and protein contents.It is concluded that sheep will make a complete recovery after a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life if given the opportunity to do so. Even though large differences in body weight may develop between sheep, this appears to have little effect on mature skeletal dimensions. However, at maturity, with grazing sheep that grow relatively slowly, the metacarpals are likely to be narrower and longer than those of the same genotype fed to grow faster. Even with sheep fed ad libitum throughout life, the use of X-ray and surface measurements in young sheep at a particular body weight are unlikely to be useful for the accurate prediction of mature body weight.

Studies in the wool production of grazing sheep. 1. Seasonal variation in feed intake, liveweight and wool production

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
IG Bush
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Stocking Rates

A four year experiment is described in which Merino wethers were continuously grazed on Phalaris- subterranean clover pasture containing some annual grasses, at three rates for a year and at four rates in subsequent years. For the first year of the experiment a pasture of annual grasses and subterranean clover was also studied at three stocking rates. From the time that the eco-systems that were established reached an equilibrium there was rarely less than 2500 lb of herbage dry-matter an acre available on the lowest stocking rate and rarely more than 1000 lb an acre on the highest stocking rate. There was a significant difference in wool cut per head only in the first year ; over the last three years of the experiment it was slightly lower on the highest and lowest stocking rates than on the intermediate stocking rate. Wool production per acre was proportional to stocking rate. Large seasonal fluctuations were recorded in estimated digestible organic matter intake, liveweight, and wool production. Peaks of intake, liveweight gain, and wool production occurred in autumn and spring but at different dates at different stocking rates. At all but the highest stocking rate, wool production per unit time was lower in summer than in winter. Estimated herbage intake increased with decreasing availability of pasture. Digestibility of the diet, availability of pasture, and body condition of the sheep appeared to affect intake. Despite a higher estimated herbage intake on the higher stocking rate treatments, wool production was no higher.

Responses to grain:sunflower meal supplements by weaned calves grazing mature pasture or eating hay in pens

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
H. Dove ◽  
M. Freer ◽  
A. Axelsen ◽  
J. R. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Supplement Intake

In southern Australia, winter-born calves may not be at marketable weights until 18 months of age and can thus compete with their dams and the next crop of calves for the pasture resource. We investigated supplementary feeding options to improve calf liveweight gains and overcome this problem. Weaned beef calves confined to feedlots for 70 days were fed different ratios (1 : 1 up to 1 : 4) of sunflower meal to oat grain (Experiment 1) or barley grain (Experiment 2) at levels of 3–6 kg air-dry/day, plus either oaten hay (Expt. 1) or pasture hay (Expt. 2) fed ad libitum. Liveweight gains at 3 kg supplement/day were ~1.2 kg/day at all ratios and were slightly higher at the higher feeding levels. The intake of hay varied inversely with the amount of supplement fed and substitution rates were 0.49 with oaten hay and 0.47 with pasture hay. Total DM intakes did not decline in Experiment 1 as supplement intake increased and increased in Experiment 2 with increasing supplement intake. A separate group of calves that had been grazing mature pasture while their cohorts were in the feedlot showed good compensatory growth when transferred to good pasture, whereas calves coming out of the feedlot onto the same pasture initially lost weight before regaining weight. This suggests that such feedlot-reared calves should be sold direct from the feedlot. In a third experiment, over 2 years, weaned calves grazed mature summer pasture for 81 days and were fed 0, 1, 2, 3 or 5 kg/day of a 1 : 2 ratio of sunflower meal : hammer-milled oat grain. Weight gains were less than in Experiments 1 and 2 and responses of gain to supplement intake were curvilinear. Gains did not exceed 0.75 kg/day and peaked at supplement intakes of 4.3 and 2.8 kg DM/day in years 1 and 2, respectively. Liveweight gains/kg supplement consumed were similar to those in previous studies. A preliminary assessment of supplement costs and the economic value of liveweight gain showed a curvilinear response to supplement intake and suggested that the greatest economic return resulted from an intake of 1.9–2.4 kg/day of the supplement, lower than the supplement intakes for maximum liveweight gain.

PREDICTION OF DAILY GAIN, BACKFAT THICKNESS AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO AMONG CROSSBRED TERMINAL SIRES BETWEEN PUREBRED DUROC, PIETRAIN, AND LANDRACE BY CBE 4.0 SOFTWARE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hop Van Nguyen ◽  
Tinh Huu Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Van Tran ◽  
Kinh Van La
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the study is to compare the practical results with the predicted results by Crossbreeding Effects (CBE) software on pig crossbred based on daily gain, backfat thickness and feed conversion ratio. Another purpose of this study is to predict those three traits among some expected hybridization. This research was conducted on pig farm at Binh Thang Research and Development center from 2013 to 2017. In this study, for each pair of purebred Duroc and Pietrain, Duroc and Landrace, Pietrain and Landrace, twelve hybridizations were analyzed, nine unhybridizations were predicted by CBE software. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted and actual data. With some unhybridization crossbred , the predictions showed high reliability (P<0.05). Based on the predicted data of CBE software , some traits of the crossbred animals would not be improved, therefore, it was not necessary to conduct these hybridizations

PERBEDAAN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE PASCA SECONDARY OFFERINGS

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Djaja Perdana ◽  
Herbowo Herbowo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Asset Turnover

This study aims to examine the differences in corporate financial performance before and after secondary offerings. The financial performance is proxied by WCR, DER, Solvency, ROA, ROE, Asset Turnover (ATO) and Growth ratio which representing the value of liquidity, financing, activity, performance and growth of the firm. The study involved 67 samples of the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange conducting secondary offerings during 2008-2013 period and selected through purposive random sampling method and using Financial Statement data from 2005-2016 period. Hypothesis test is performed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the ratio of Solvency, ROA and ROE between before and after secondary offerings, but there are significant differences in the ratio of WCR, DER, Asset Turnover and Growth. WCR ratio after secondary offerings increased, while DER ratio after secondary offerings decreased, the condition of both ratios showed better performance. While the indication of poor performance seen in decreasing asset turnover ratio and growth ratio.Keywords : agency theory, financial performance, secondary offerings

The Effect of Feeding System on the Carcass Quality of Crossbred Lambs with Texel

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Angela Cividini ◽  
Dušan Terčič ◽  
Mojca Simčič
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Carcass Cuts

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of feeding system on the growth rate and carcass quality of crossbred Improved Jezersko-Solčava x Texel (JSRT) lambs and to evaluate the effect of sex on these traits. The trial was conducted in nature according to the traditional rearing systems. The trial included 44 crossbred lambs, which were born and reared until the slaughter in three different flocks. In the age of 10 days suckled lambs were offered with ad libitum corresponding diets according to the feeding system. All lambs were slaughtered in seven consecutive days by the same procedure. The effect of feeding system significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter, EUROP carcass conformation and shoulder width. Likewise, the effect of sex significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter and internal fatness of carcasses. According to carcass cuts the feeding system significantly affected only the proportion of neck and leg. Considering meat quality traits, feeding system had a significant effect on the pH 45 and CIE a* values. In this study, we could speculate that more than the feeding system the growth and the carcass traits as well as meat traits were affected by the amount of the supplement.

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