scholarly journals The elimination of emergency oil spills consequences in the Arctic zone of Russia using the reagent encapsulation technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
E.G. Kholkin ◽  
◽  
L.O. Shtripling ◽  
K.S. Larionov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Conditions

Arctic zone of the Russian Federation occupies a large area of the country and it differs from other regions with special climatic conditions. In winter air temperature can be lowered to 70°C below zero in the Arctic, and almost all the territory is located in the permafrost zone. The main potential sources of emergency conditions resulted in oil products used as finished raw materials, fuel and lubricants which will inevitably fall into the soil, are operated machinery and equipment for the hydrocarbons extraction and transportation. Weak self-recovery potential of soils in a short growing season and low temperatures involves the development and use of adapted to arctic conditions technologies for rapid overcoming of accidental oil spills consequences. We propose adapted to arctic conditions technology for rapid consequences elimination of accidents involving oil spills. Decontamination technology of soils polluted with oil products is based on the encapsulation of the pollutant (reagent encapsulation technology) with an alkaline reagent based on calcium. We used as a reagent powdered building quick lime; it is carbonate rock calcine or a mixture of this product with mineral additives (calcium oxide). The main advantage of the reagent encapsulation technology is decontamination efficiency of contaminated soils compared to traditional technologies of decontamination. One more important factor is low market value of lime as compared to other reagents, biological substances and solvents for the oil products extraction. We describe the basic steps of the reagent encapsulation technology in decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products. If we use exotherm process energy of chemical decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products, in combination with a forced feed of carbon dioxide to decontamination zone; then at the stage of coat formation from calcium carbonate on the surface of the pollutant it allows to complete decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products using the reagent encapsulation technology in extreme Arctic natural climatic conditions. We describe the principle of equipment operation allowing to carry out decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products using reagent encapsulation technology in Arctic climatic conditions. Encapsulated material obtained as a result of decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products, is resistant to natural and anthropogenic factors, such as moisture, temperature changes, acid rain and high pressure. We present the results of experimental studies for determining the optimal amount of the reagent required for the efficient completion of the decontamination of snow contaminated with motor oil, and soils contaminated with oil products depending on the degree of contamination and the type of pollutant. Our studies confirm that the reagent encapsulation technology showed good performance in severe climatic conditions and they are suitable for decontamination of soils and snow contaminated with gasoline, diesel fuel and engine oil.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF ARCTIC SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS POTENTIAL TO REMEDIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Smirnova ◽  
Elena A. Mazlova ◽  
Olga A. Kulikova ◽  
Ilya M. Ostrovkin ◽  
Adam M. Gonopolsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Restoration Ability ◽  
High Concentrations

In recent years, significant efforts have been made to accelerate the economic development of the Arctic zone, leading to intense environmental pollution of this region, accompanied by the significant impact of accumulated environmental damage in the region. The solution to these problems is difficult due to the remoteness of these areas and severe climatic conditions. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the potential for restoration of arctic soils. For this purpose, various indicators are used, including biological ones. In the analyzed arctic soil samples, high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 47,000 mg/kg) and chloride-ions (0.10–0.14 wt %) were established. Microbioassay demonstrated a presence of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms: Penicillium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas oleovorans. A low enzymatic activity and specific Arctic climate point out a low self-restoration ability of the soil, demonstrated the need for its remediation. The microbioassay with microbial strains identification and soil remediation methods suitable for the Arctic zone were recommended.

Sex Differences in Cerebral Energy Exchange Among Residents of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
O.N. Kottsova ◽  
◽  
N.Yu. Anikina ◽  
A.V. Gribanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Potential Level

This article presents the sexual characteristics of cerebral energy metabolism in young residents of the Arctic zone according to the distribution of the level of direct constant potential (DC-potential level) of the brain. The study involved 60 people (27 men and 33 women) aged 30-34 years, born and living in the Arctic territory. Assessment of cerebral energy exchange was carried out using a 5-channel hardware-software diagnostic complex «NeuroKM». The distribution of the DC-potential level was analyzed by mapping monopolar values and calculating their gradients. For statistical data processing, the SPSS Statistics26 software package was used. The obtained DC-potentials level results were compared with the average statistical standard values. As a result of the study, gender differences in cerebral energy exchange were revealed in working-age residents born and living in the Arctic zone, depending on gender. In the group of men, there is a higher intensity of cerebral energy exchange in the whole cerebral cortex, the absence of pronounced hemispheric dominance, activation of the central and frontal cortex. In women, there is no predominance of energy exchange in any one area, there are low total indicators, activation of the central and occipital regions of the cortex; connection of the central cortex with the temporal, right-hemisphere dominance of cerebral energy exchange processes. Conclusion. Men are characterized by centralization and tension of regulatory systems, which can be an unfavorable factor in ensuring long-term adaptation to the climatic conditions of the Arctic. Women have a more optimal level of cerebral energy exchange.

scholarly journals Establishment of production of special wheel and track technology for extreme natural-climate conditions of the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Diakov ◽  
George O. Kotiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
Natural Climate

The complex natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZ of the RF) make it necessary to put forward special requirements for all types of ground equipment used to solve transport problems in this region. At present, the increase in economic costs in the operation of machinery is primarily due to the mismatch of the design of the vehicles used in the climatic zone. A set of measures for land transport that allows to ensure the socio-economic development of the AZ RF.

scholarly journals Legislative Formation of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V N Shelomentsev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Russian Federation

Russia in XXI century conducts intensive scientific, economic, transport research in the Arctic zone, which is facilitated by certain climatic conditions. Our state is making great efforts to develop this region and protect its richest natural resources. Although there are certain climatic and ecological changes that lead to warming and shrinking ice cover.

Study of Firefighter's Combat Clothing Intended for Use in the Far North and the Arctic Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
V.I. Loginov ◽  
◽  
K.E. Arkhireev ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova ◽  
A.K. Nekrasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Test Methodology

Methodological base was developed for assessing the quality of firefighter - saviour combat clothing for use in the Arctic zone. It consists of a mathematical model for calculating the thermal state of special combat clothing in the «man — firefighter’s combat clothing — working environment» system and a chamber climate test methodology with the participation of testers-volunteers. The results of some calculations of the firefighter’s combat clothing thermodynamic state under the climatic factors exposure (negative values of the ambient temperature, wind load), and the fire thermal factors exposure are presented. Calculations were made based on the time and tasks performed, on the basis of actual working conditions of the firefighter. According to the calculation results we can conclude that in the considered range of variation of the environmental parameters of the working environment in the climatic conditions of the Arctic zone, the time of protective action of a multilayer stack of materials and tissues of the firefighter’s combat clothing is determined by the time of reaching of the skin surface limit temperature cooling in the region of the unheated structural elements. In this case the heat flux is not a determining factor. Verification of the model is carried out by comparing the results of experimental measurements and data obtained by calculation. The climate chamber test methodology includes registration in the process of tests of the firefighter’s combat clothing under-suit space thermodynamic parameters and the tester physiological parameters using both special sensors and displaying the results on a computer multiplier in real time mode. In addition, a visual assessment of the firefighter’s combat clothing technical condition at the end of the tests is carried out. Based on the results of the performed studies of the specific firefighter’s combat clothing samples it can be concluded that the developed methodological base allows to perform the objective assessment of the Arctic version of the firefighter’s combat clothing according to the application indicators that determine the quality of the product, and can be used to assess the quality of other personal protective equipment of a firefighter.

BIM Technologies as a Tool in Effective Implementation of the Construction Programs in the Arctic Zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
V.A. Minaev ◽  
R.O. Stepanov ◽  
A.O. Faddeev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Level

BIM is the rapidly growing technology of information support in design, development, construction and operation of various facilities. In terms of its capabilities to take into account various risk characteristics and the influence of components under study, this information model makes it possible at a higher qualitative level to justify economic and technological decisions during construction in the Arctic zone and to maintain a particular facility entire life cycle. This model is best suited to be introduced in this complex high-risk construction area. BIM technology makes it possible to operate with the most detailed information, when making investment decisions difficult under conditions of building in the Arctic zone. Systemic integration of the BIM technology capabilities with models of the geoinformation systems' geodynamic risks and technologies ensures design, construction and maintenance of modern buildings and facilities at the fundamentally new level of quality and safety assurance, as well as to monitor stability and safety thereof in relation to the Arctic conditions. Mathematical model of the deformation energy migration is presented to evaluate geodynamic stability in the construction areas. It is advisable to take into account geodynamic factors in information simulation using the mathematical model that describes construction area in the form of a system of nodes and of the geological medium tectonic fault abnormalities connecting them and represented in the aggregate in the form of the Kolmogorov system of differential equations

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE WELL WATERS OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAVI IN THE FORMATION OF SALTS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
А.D. Akbasova ◽  
◽  
N.P. Aubakirov ◽  
G.D. Anarbekova ◽  
G.А. Sainova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Well Waters

The work is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of well waters located on the territory of the mausoleum complex of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi. On the basis of experimental studies, the salinity of well waters increases every year. It is especially different in 2019 when, compared to the previous 10 years (2009-2018), there was a sharp increase in the total salt content by 1,5 times in the inner well and about 2,3 times in the outer well. The reason for this is the intense pollution of atmospheric air, soil, plants and other environmental objects due to an increase in the volume of construction work resulting from this waste, the number of servicing vehicles and the emergence of a number of new anthropogenic factors. The article also considers data from the Kazhydromet of the Republic of Kazakhstan that characterize changes in natural and climatic conditions, exactly, the amount of precipitation by month. Based on the calculated data, we have shown that water evaporation is 4-5 times higher than the amount of precipitation in the region. As a result of evaporation, moisture rises through the capillaries and is further saturated with salts found in building materials. Further, the formed saturated salt solution, undergoing various transformations, such as crystallization, contributes to the formation of salt deposits on the surface of the foundation materials and further walls. This negative phenomenon is one of the factors that lead to a decrease in the stability and safety of the architectural monument.

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