Sex Differences in Cerebral Energy Exchange Among Residents of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
O.N. Kottsova ◽  
◽  
N.Yu. Anikina ◽  
A.V. Gribanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Potential Level

This article presents the sexual characteristics of cerebral energy metabolism in young residents of the Arctic zone according to the distribution of the level of direct constant potential (DC-potential level) of the brain. The study involved 60 people (27 men and 33 women) aged 30-34 years, born and living in the Arctic territory. Assessment of cerebral energy exchange was carried out using a 5-channel hardware-software diagnostic complex «NeuroKM». The distribution of the DC-potential level was analyzed by mapping monopolar values and calculating their gradients. For statistical data processing, the SPSS Statistics26 software package was used. The obtained DC-potentials level results were compared with the average statistical standard values. As a result of the study, gender differences in cerebral energy exchange were revealed in working-age residents born and living in the Arctic zone, depending on gender. In the group of men, there is a higher intensity of cerebral energy exchange in the whole cerebral cortex, the absence of pronounced hemispheric dominance, activation of the central and frontal cortex. In women, there is no predominance of energy exchange in any one area, there are low total indicators, activation of the central and occipital regions of the cortex; connection of the central cortex with the temporal, right-hemisphere dominance of cerebral energy exchange processes. Conclusion. Men are characterized by centralization and tension of regulatory systems, which can be an unfavorable factor in ensuring long-term adaptation to the climatic conditions of the Arctic. Women have a more optimal level of cerebral energy exchange.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Young People Living in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Kottsova ◽  
◽  
Natal’ya Anikina ◽  
Irina Kozhevnikova ◽  
Anatoliy Gribanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Interhemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cerebral Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Potential Level

In the Arctic region, adaptive reactions of the body put pressure on its functional systems and are accompanied by changes in cerebral energy metabolism in the central nervous system. Despite the fact that patterns of interhemispheric asymmetry and interaction are part of the brain’s essential, fundamental mechanism, no data is currently available on the neurometabolic features of interhemispheric asymmetry in men and women living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The aim of this paper was to identify the differences in cerebral energy metabolism in men and women born and living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with different types of interhemispheric asymmetry according to the distribution of DC-potential level. Materials and methods. The study involved 63 subjects (30 men and 33 women) aged 30–34 years born and living in Arkhangelsk. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed using the 5-channel Neuro-KM hardware and software complex. Distribution of DC-potential level was analysed by mapping the monopolar values and calculating their gradients. To calculate interhemispheric asymmetry of cerebral energy metabolism, an interhemispheric gradient was used, i.e. the potential difference between the right and left temporal leads (Td-Ts). The obtained DC-potential level results were compared with average standard values. The results of the study indicate differences in the distribution of the processes of cerebral energy metabolism in men and women with different types of hemispheric dominance. The most balanced cerebral metabolism was identified in men with right hemisphere dominance and in women with left hemisphere dominance. The presence of sex-related differences in the hemispheric asymmetry of cerebral energy metabolism may reflect different strategies of adaptation to the climatic conditions of northern latitudes in men and women.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF ARCTIC SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS POTENTIAL TO REMEDIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Smirnova ◽  
Elena A. Mazlova ◽  
Olga A. Kulikova ◽  
Ilya M. Ostrovkin ◽  
Adam M. Gonopolsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Restoration Ability ◽  
High Concentrations

In recent years, significant efforts have been made to accelerate the economic development of the Arctic zone, leading to intense environmental pollution of this region, accompanied by the significant impact of accumulated environmental damage in the region. The solution to these problems is difficult due to the remoteness of these areas and severe climatic conditions. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the potential for restoration of arctic soils. For this purpose, various indicators are used, including biological ones. In the analyzed arctic soil samples, high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 47,000 mg/kg) and chloride-ions (0.10–0.14 wt %) were established. Microbioassay demonstrated a presence of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms: Penicillium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas oleovorans. A low enzymatic activity and specific Arctic climate point out a low self-restoration ability of the soil, demonstrated the need for its remediation. The microbioassay with microbial strains identification and soil remediation methods suitable for the Arctic zone were recommended.

scholarly journals Establishment of production of special wheel and track technology for extreme natural-climate conditions of the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Diakov ◽  
George O. Kotiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
Natural Climate

The complex natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZ of the RF) make it necessary to put forward special requirements for all types of ground equipment used to solve transport problems in this region. At present, the increase in economic costs in the operation of machinery is primarily due to the mismatch of the design of the vehicles used in the climatic zone. A set of measures for land transport that allows to ensure the socio-economic development of the AZ RF.

scholarly journals Legislative Formation of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V N Shelomentsev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Russian Federation

Russia in XXI century conducts intensive scientific, economic, transport research in the Arctic zone, which is facilitated by certain climatic conditions. Our state is making great efforts to develop this region and protect its richest natural resources. Although there are certain climatic and ecological changes that lead to warming and shrinking ice cover.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological signs of changes in the functional state of the nervous system in patients with vibration disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1277
Author(s):  
Oksana I. Shevchenko ◽  
Dina V. Rusanova ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
The Right ◽  
Potential Level

Introduction. Neurofunctional state is an essential criterion in assessing the quality of the regulatory mechanisms of autonomic and somatic functions that determine the prognosis and course of vibration disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Objective of the study is to identify neurophysiological signs of changes in the functional state of the nervous system in patients with vibration disease caused by the combined effects of local and general vibration (VD com.) in combination with DM2. Materials and Methods. The group I included (n = 33) - VD com. patients, group II - 30 cases with VD com., burdened with DM2. We used neuroenergy mapping (NEM), registration of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). Statistica software was used for statistical processing. Results. Analysis of the severity of changes in DC-potential level in both groups established a statistically significant predominance of persons with an increased average DC-potential level. In group II, when compared with group I, there was an increase in the latency of components N9, N10, N11, N13, N18, N20, N25, N30, bipolar DC-potential level Cz-Pz, local DC-potential level in the central lead of the right hemisphere, decrease in DC-potential level in the central parietal region, bipolar pote ntials Fpz -Ts, Cz-Td, Pz-Oz. As a result of discriminant analysis, the following signs were obtained: indices of the latent period of the peak N13, the duration of the interpeak interval N10-N13, DC-potential level of the central parietal, right central, frontal right, frontal central leads. Discussion. The presence of DM2 in VD com. patients accompanied by disturbances in the neurofunctional state caused by a slowdown in the passage of an afferent impulse at the peripheral and central levels, a decrease in energy exchange in the frontal, central-parietal regions with its increase in the occipital, temporal parts of both hemispheres. Conclusion. Neurophysiological signs of changes in the functional state of the nervous system in VD com. patients with DM2 are a decrease in DC-potential level in the parietal central, frontal central, an increase in the latent period of the peak N13, the duration of the inter-peak interval N10-N13, DC-potential level in the central and frontal regions of the right hemisphere of the brain.

Study of Firefighter's Combat Clothing Intended for Use in the Far North and the Arctic Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
V.I. Loginov ◽  
◽  
K.E. Arkhireev ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova ◽  
A.K. Nekrasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Test Methodology

Methodological base was developed for assessing the quality of firefighter - saviour combat clothing for use in the Arctic zone. It consists of a mathematical model for calculating the thermal state of special combat clothing in the «man — firefighter’s combat clothing — working environment» system and a chamber climate test methodology with the participation of testers-volunteers. The results of some calculations of the firefighter’s combat clothing thermodynamic state under the climatic factors exposure (negative values of the ambient temperature, wind load), and the fire thermal factors exposure are presented. Calculations were made based on the time and tasks performed, on the basis of actual working conditions of the firefighter. According to the calculation results we can conclude that in the considered range of variation of the environmental parameters of the working environment in the climatic conditions of the Arctic zone, the time of protective action of a multilayer stack of materials and tissues of the firefighter’s combat clothing is determined by the time of reaching of the skin surface limit temperature cooling in the region of the unheated structural elements. In this case the heat flux is not a determining factor. Verification of the model is carried out by comparing the results of experimental measurements and data obtained by calculation. The climate chamber test methodology includes registration in the process of tests of the firefighter’s combat clothing under-suit space thermodynamic parameters and the tester physiological parameters using both special sensors and displaying the results on a computer multiplier in real time mode. In addition, a visual assessment of the firefighter’s combat clothing technical condition at the end of the tests is carried out. Based on the results of the performed studies of the specific firefighter’s combat clothing samples it can be concluded that the developed methodological base allows to perform the objective assessment of the Arctic version of the firefighter’s combat clothing according to the application indicators that determine the quality of the product, and can be used to assess the quality of other personal protective equipment of a firefighter.

scholarly journals Development of Construction and Repair Materials Used in Transport and Technological Machines Operating in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kosenko ◽  
Natalia Baurova ◽  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
Alexander Konoplin
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
C 30

Increasing the pace of development of the Arctic zone, among other tasks, requires the attraction of significant production resources to improve the transport network, in particular, road construction equipment and technological equipment. Extreme climatic conditions, including low air temperatures and strong winds, are features of the Arctic zone. In this regard, there is a need to form a methodological basis for the development of construction and repair materials for use in the Arctic. To solve this problem, based on the results of mechanical tests at temperatures of +20°C, -30°C and -50°C, the possibility of using carbon fiber plastics with various types of hybrid matrices for the manufacture of mechanical engineering products operating in extreme conditions of the Arctic and the creation of reinforcing linings during their repair. The indicators of manufacturability during repairs under the conditions of constant exposure to negative temperatures using polymeric materials are considered.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the weather and climatic conditions of the Arctic zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by bioclimatic indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
R. S. Rakhmanov ◽  
E. S. Bogomolov ◽  
D. A. Narutdinov ◽  
S. A. Razgulin ◽  
M. V. Ashina
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Bioclimatic Indices ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Safe Working

Aim. Assess the health risk of a cold environment by bioclimatic indices characterizing weather and climatic conditions in the Arctic zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.Materials and methods. The mean monthly daily ambient temperature, wind speed and relative air humidity were determined. The body cooling conditions integral index (BCCII) and the wind-cold index (WCI) were calculated.Results and their discussion. Using the BCCII from 4 to 6 months a year at Cape Chelyuskin, the critical risk of frostbite in exposed areas of the body determined at Dixon Island from 4 to 5 months a year; in July and August, the indicator values reached the lower border of the “moderate risk”. Using the WCI, an uncomfortable cold environment was determined, respectively, 2 months and 4 months, a very cold — 3 months and 2 months, and an extremely cold — 3 months and 2 months.Conclusion. The advantage of using BCCII rather than WCI is shown, since on its basis the criteria for safe working conditions in an open area are determined. To interpret the value of “no risk” while using WCI, it is necessary to know the period of the year, in which the weather and climatic conditions are assessed as a cold environment.

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