scholarly journals Seasonal variability of cardiovascular system parameters in primary schoolchildren with different body mass index

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Н.Б. Панкова
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
School Year ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Z Scores

Известно, что у детей существует значимая сезонная вариабельность как индекса массы тела (ИМТ), так и ряда показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы. Целью данного исследования стал анализ возможных различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет с разной величиной ИМТ. Методы. В анализ взяты результаты 4-летнего мониторинга показателей функционального состояния организма учащихся одной параллели (4 класса), в динамике с 1-го по 4-й класс; всего 153 человека, из них 82 девочки и 71 мальчик. Измерения проводили дважды в год, в начале апреля (конец учебного года) и начале октября (начало учебного года). Каждое обследование включало оценку антропометрии и показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы (2-минутную регистрацию на приборе спироартериокардиоритмограф в положении сидя). Для оценки данных по антропометрии использованы Z-баллы и процентиль величины ИМТ. Из показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы изучены систолическое артериальное давление (АД), общая мощность (ТР) и отношение LF/HF в спектре вариабельности сердечного ритма. Для анализа сезонной вариабельности оценивали изменения (дельту) показателей между измерениями. Разделение детей на группы по величине ИМТ провели по результатам тестирования в конце 4-го класса: ниже 15-го процентиля (недостаток массы тела), от 15-го до 84-го процентиля (норма), от 85-го до 95-го процентиля (избыточная масса тела), и выше 95 процентиля (ожирение). Результаты. Обнаружено, что доля детей с избыточной массой тела и ожирением была максимальной в конце 1-го класса (28-34%), и снижалась к 4-му классу до 11-15%. Доля детей с дефицитом массы тела, наоборот, к этому возрасту достигала 44,6% у девочек и 35,7% у мальчиков. Для сезонной вариабельности ИМТ было характерно возрастание Z-баллов за учебный год и снижение за летний период, в наибольшей степени - у детей с недостатком массы тела. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы проявилась как повышение АД и ТР при снижении LF/HF за учебный год, и была наиболее выражена в группе нормы. Однако значимых различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей из разных групп по величине ИМТ не обнаружено. Заключение. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет не зависит от величины ИМТ. Children are known to have significant seasonal variability in both body mass index (BMI) and some parameters of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to analyze possible differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes in children aged 7-11 years with various BMI values. Methods. The study included results of a 4-year dynamic monitoring of functional parameters in elementary schoolchildren (4 parallel classes) from the 1st to the 4th grade (a total of 153 students, including 82 girls and 71 boys). Measurements were performed twice a year, in early April (end of the school year) and in early October (beginning of the school year). Each examination included evaluation of anthropometry and cardiovascular indexes (2-min recording on a spiroarteriocardiorhythmograph in a sitting position). The anthropometric data were assessed with Z-scores and the BMI value percentile. The studied cardiovascular indexes included systolic blood pressure (BP), total power (TP), and the LF/HF ratio in the spectrum of heart rate variability. The seasonal variability was analyzed by changes (delta) in indexes between measurements. Children were divided into groups based on BMI values obtained in testing at the end of the 4th grade as follows: below the 15th percentile (underweight); from the 15th to 84th percentile (normal); from the 85th to 95th percentile (overweight); and above the 95th percentile (obesity). Results. The proportion of overweight and obese children was maximal at the end of the 1st grade (28-34%) and decreased by the 4th grade to 11-15%. In contrast, by this age, the proportion of underweight children reached 44.6% for girls and 35.7% for boys. The seasonal variability of BMI was characterized by an increase in Z-scores over the school year and a decrease in Z-scores over the summer period. This was most pronounced in underweight children. The seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters was evident as increases in BP and TP and a decrease in LF/HF over the academic year and was most pronounced in the normal group. However, no significant differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes were observed in children from different BMI groups. Conclusion. Seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters in 7-11-year-old children does not depend on the BMI value.

scholarly journals Differential effects of body mass index on domain-specific cognitive outcomes after stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwoo Lee ◽  
Mi Sun Oh ◽  
San Jung ◽  
Ju-Hun Lee ◽  
Chul-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractAlthough the obesity paradox is an important modifiable factor in cardiovascular diseases, little research has been conducted to determine how it affects post-stroke cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and domain-specific cognitive outcomes, focusing on the subdivision of each frontal domain function in post-ischemic stroke survivors. A total of 335 ischemic stroke patients were included in the study after completion of the Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) and the vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards neuropsychological protocol at 3 months after stroke. Frontal lobe functions were analyzed using semantic/phonemic fluency, processing speed, and mental set shifting. Our study participants were categorized into four groups according to BMI quartiles. The z-scores of K-MMSE at 3 months differed significantly between the groups after adjustment for initial stroke severity (p = 0.014). Global cognitive function in stroke survivors in the Q1 (the lowest quartile) BMI group was significantly lower than those in Q2 and Q4 (the highest quartile) BMI groups (K-MMSE z-scores, Q1: − 2.10 ± 3.40 vs. Q2: 0.71 ± 1.95 and Q4: − 1.21 ± 1.65). Controlled oral word association test findings indicated that phonemic and semantic word fluency was lower in Q4 BMI group participants than in Q2 BMI group participants (p = 0.016 and p = 0.023 respectively). BMI might differentially affect cognitive domains after ischemic stroke. Although being underweight may negatively affect global cognition post-stroke, obesity could induce frontal lobe dysfunctions, specifically phonemic and semantic word fluency.

54 Body Mass Index vs Weight-for-Length in Infancy and Cardiometabolic Outcomes at Age 8-10 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e39-e39
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Roberge ◽  
Soren Harnois-Leblanc ◽  
Vanessa McNealis ◽  
Andraea van Hulst ◽  
Tracie A Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Primary Subject area Public Health and Preventive Medicine Background The WHO provides body mass index (BMI) curves for infants 0 to < 2 years old, but how these compare to the recommended method (weight-for-length [WFL]) in predicting later adiposity and cardiometabolic measures is uncertain. Objectives Our project aimed to: 1) confirm that WFL and BMI in infancy are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic measures at 8-10 years old; and 2) compare the predictive ability of the two methods. We hypothesized that both methods would perform similarly. Design/Methods WFL and BMI Z-scores (zWFL and zBMI) at 6, 12, and 18 months of age were computed using data extracted from health booklets, used among participants in a prospective cohort study investigating the natural history of obesity and cardiovascular risk in youth (n = 464). Outcome measures at 8-10 years included adiposity, lipid profile, blood pressure, and insulin dynamics. The relationships between zWFL, zBMI, and each outcome were estimated using multivariable linear regression models. Outcome prediction at 8-10 years was compared between the two methods, using eta-squared and Lin’s concordance correlation. Results zWFL and zBMI were associated with all measures of adiposity at 8-10 years. Associations with other cardiometabolic measures were less consistent. For both zWFL and zBMI across infancy, eta-squared were highly similar and the Lin’s coefficients were markedly high (> 0.991) for all outcomes. Conclusion zBMI measured in infants appeared to be equivalent to zWFL for predicting adiposity and cardiometabolic measures in childhood. This lends support to the sole use of zBMI for growth monitoring and screening of overweight and obesity from birth to 18 years.

scholarly journals Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry GLI references in schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Mozun ◽  
Cristina Ardura-Garcia ◽  
Eva S. L. Pedersen ◽  
Jakob Usemann ◽  
Florian Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractBackgroundReferences from the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) are widely used to interpret children’s spirometry results. We assessed fit for healthy schoolchildren.MethodsLuftiBus in the school (LUIS) is a population-based cross-sectional study done from 2013-2016 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Parents and children aged 6-17 years answered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms and lifestyle. Children underwent spirometry in a mobile lung function lab. We calculated GLI-based z-scores for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 for healthy White participants. We defined appropriate fit to GLI references by mean values ±0.5 z-scores. We assessed if fit varied by age, body mass index, height, and sex using linear regression models.ResultsWe analysed data from 2036 children with valid FEV1 measurements of which 1762 also had valid FVC measurements. The median age was 12.2 years. Fit was appropriate for children aged 6-11 years for all indices. In adolescents aged 12-17 years, fit was appropriate for FEV1/FVC (mean: -0.09; SD: 1.02) z-scores, but not for FEV1 (mean: -0.62; SD: 0.98), FVC (mean: -0.60; SD: 0.98), and FEF25-75 (mean: -0.54; SD: 1.02). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores fitted better in children considered overweight (means: -0.25, -0.13, -0.38) than normal weight (means: -0.55, -0.50, -0.55; p-trend: <0.001, 0.014, <0.001). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores depended on both age and height (p interaction: 0.034, 0.019, <0.01).ConclusionGLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores do not fit White Swiss adolescents well. This should be considered when using reference equations for clinical decision making, research and international comparison.Take home messageOur study suggests GLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores over detect abnormal lung function in Swiss adolescents, and more so among slimmer adolescents, which has important implications for clinical care, research, and international comparisons.

Associations of maternal gestational weight gain with the risk of offspring obesity and body mass index Z scores beyond the mean

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 64-71.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiu Liu ◽  
Nansi S. Boghossian ◽  
Edward A. Frongillo ◽  
Bo Cai ◽  
Linda J. Hazlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Relationships among Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, and Age in Taiwanese Children with Different Types of Mucopolysaccharidoses

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yu Lin ◽  
Chung-Lin Lee ◽  
Pao Chin Chiu ◽  
Dau-Ming Niu ◽  
Fuu-Jen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mps Ii ◽  
Mps Vi ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Mps Iva ◽  
Mps I ◽  
Mps Iii

Background: Children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) generally appear unaffected at birth but may develop multiple clinical manifestations including profound growth impairment as they grow older. Each type of MPS has a variable age at onset and variable rate of progression, however, information regarding growth in Asian children is limited. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 129 Taiwanese patients with MPS (age range, 0.7 to 19.5 years, median age, 7.9 years) from eight medical centers in Taiwan from January 1996 through December 2018. Results: The mean z scores for the first recorded values of height, weight, and body mass index in the patients’ medical records were −4.25, −1.04, and 0.41 for MPS I (n = 9), −2.31, 0.19, and 0.84 for MPS II (n = 49), −0.42, 0.08, and −0.12 for MPS III (n = 27), −6.02, −2.04, and 0.12 for MPS IVA (n = 30), and −4.46, −1.52, and 0.19 for MPS VI (n = 14), respectively. MPS IVA had the lowest mean z scores for both height and weight among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III, which showed the mildest growth retardation. Both z scores for height and weight were negatively correlated with increasing age for all types of MPS (p < 0.01). Of 32 patients younger than 5 years of age, 16 (50%), and 23 (72%) had positive z scores of height and weight, respectively. A substantial number of younger patients with MPS I, II, III, and IVA had a positive height z score. The median age at diagnosis was 3.9 years (n = 115). Conclusions: The patients with MPS IVA had the most significant growth retardation among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III. The height and weight of the MPS patients younger than 2–5 years of age were higher than those of healthy individuals, however, their growth significantly decelerated in subsequent years. Understanding the growth curve and potential involved in each type of MPS may allow for early diagnosis and timely management of the disease, which may improve the quality of life.

Children Exposed or Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index During the First 5 Years of Life—A Danish Nationwide Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2168-2177
Author(s):  
Ellen Moseholm ◽  
Marie Helleberg ◽  
Håkon Sandholdt ◽  
Terese L Katzenstein ◽  
Merete Storgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Exposures to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy in utero may have adverse effects on infant growth. Among children born in Denmark and aged 0–5 years, we aimed to compare anthropometric outcomes in HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with those in children not exposed to HIV. Methods In a nationwide register-based study we included all singleton HEU children born in Denmark in 2000–2016. HEU children were individually matched by child sex, parity, and maternal place of birth to 5 singleton controls born to mothers without HIV. Weight-for-age z (WAZ) scores, length-for-age z (LAZ) scores, and weight-for-length or body mass index–for–age z scores were generated according to the World Health Organization standards and the Fenton growth chart for premature infants. Differences in mean z scores were analyzed using linear mixed models, both univariate and adjusted for social and maternal factors. Results In total, 485 HEU children and 2495 HIV-unexposed controls were included. Compared with controls, HEU children were smaller at birth, with an adjusted difference in mean WAZ and LAZ scores of −0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.46 to −.12) and −0.51 (95% CI, −.71 to −.31), respectively (both P ≤ .001). Over time, there was a trend toward increasing WAZ and LAZ scores in HEU children, and there was no significant difference in adjusted WAZ scores after age 14 days (−0.13 [95% CI, −.27 to .01]; P = .07) and LAZ scores after age 6 months (−0.15 [95% CI, −.32 to .02]; P = .08). Conclusion Compared with a matched control group, HEU children were smaller at birth, but this difference decreased with time and is not considered to have a negative effect on the health and well-being of HEU children during early childhood.

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