Cleaning of vegetable seeds on a pneumatic sorting table

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
А.В. Янченко ◽  
А.М. Меньших ◽  
М.И. Азопков ◽  
В.С. Голубович ◽  
А.Ю. Федосов
Keyword(s):  
Oscillation Frequency ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Regulatory Document ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Weed Seeds

Семенной ворох с поля никогда не бывает чистым. В процессе уборки семян в семенной ворох попадают различные примеси – семена сорняков, различные обломки частей растений, минеральные частицы: комочки земли, камешки и др. Очистка семенного вороха до регламентированных показателей, предусмотренных в нормативном документе, – основная задача послеуборочной доработки семян. Примеси, которые отличаются размером от семян основной культуры, легко удаляются на ветрорешетных машинах. Полностью удалить все примеси на ветрорешетных машинах невозможно. Поэтому существует необходимость во вторичной, более качественной очистке семенного вороха. Пневмосортировальные столы способны разделить семенной ворох по плотности семян. В результате дополнительной вторичной очистки семян можно повысить чистоту семян, которая необходима для безотказной работы современных высевающих аппаратов. Пневмосортировальный стол ПСС-1 имеет ряд настроек, которые меняются оператором в зависимости от культуры. Основные настройки: подача семян, регулировка заслонки вентилятора, изменение продольного и поперечного угла наклона рабочей деки, частота колебания рабочей деки, регулируемые заслонки приемника семян. Все настройки могут быть оперативно изменены оператором технологического процесса очистки. Использование пневмосортировального стола во вторичной очистке семенного вороха возможно на различных овощных культурах. В процессе очистки семян на пневмосортировальном столе из семенного вороха удаляются вместе с легковесными примесями, обломками стебельков, листьев, стручков и прочими, удаляются и легковесные невызревшие семена, что способствует повышению всхожести получаемых после очистки семян. The resulting seed heap from the field is never clean. In the process of harvesting seeds, various impurities are found in the seed pile. As impurities in the seed heap, there may be weed seeds, various fragments of plant parts, mineral particles: lumps of earth, pebbles and others. Cleaning the seed pile to the regulated indicators provided for in the regulatory document is the main task of post-harvest seed refinement. Impurities that differ in size from the seeds of the main crop are easily removed by wind-screen machines. It is impossible to completely remove all impurities on windscreen machines. Therefore, there is a need for a secondary, better cleaning of the seed pile. Pneumatic sorting tables are able to divide the seed pile according to the density of seeds. Because of additional secondary cleaning of seeds, it is possible to increase the purity of seeds, which is necessary for the trouble-free operation of modern sowing machines. The PSS-1 pneumatic sorting table has a number of settings that are changed by the operator depending on the culture. Basic settings: seed feeding, fan flap adjustment, changing the longitudinal and transverse angle of inclination of the working deck, the oscillation frequency of the working deck, adjustable shutters of the seed receiver. The operator of the cleaning process can quickly change all settings. The use of a pneumatic sorting table in the secondary cleaning of the seed pile is possible on various vegetable crops. In the process of cleaning seeds on a pneumatic sorting table, fragments of stems, leaves, pods and others are removed from the seed pile together with lightweight impurities, and lightweight unripe seeds are also removed, which helps to increase the germination of seeds obtained after cleaning.

Post-harvest cleaning process ultrasonic impact

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Sibiryov A.V. ◽  
◽  
M.A. Mosyakov M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Acoustic Cavitation ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Time And Energy

The article deals with the process of post-harvest processing of vegetable crops. Attention is focused on the fact that the existing complex of machines does not allow to fully meet the agrotechnical requirements for the technological process of post-harvest processing of root crops. It is proposed to use ultrasonic action on root crops for cleaning them from soil impurities. Data on the effect of acoustic cavitation generated by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 18-18.5 kHz at a power density of at least 1 W / cm² are given on the effect of acoustic cavitation on a root crop in a laminar flow of liquid. It is noted that multiple hydraulic cumulative shocks arising from the collapse of cavitation bubbles should separate soil impurities from root crops, which will significantly reduce the time and energy consumption during post-harvest processing of vegetable crops.

Applications in Post-Harvest Management of Vegetable Crops

2018 ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
Achuit K. Singh ◽  
Avinash Chandra Rai ◽  
Ashutosh Rai ◽  
Major Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Post Harvest

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL EQUATION TO DETERMINE THE TOTAL YIELD VALUE IN DIFFERENT INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Mathematical Equation ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Growth Characters

This experiment was conducted in the winter season of 2008-2009 at El-Khattara Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University to study the effect of different intercropping systems on the vegetative growth characters and yield, as well as to determine the total yield value of some vegetable crops, i.e. garlic (the main crop), lettuce, peas and cabbage (the secondary crops) by using mathematical equation. The obtained results showed that, all intercropping systems , i.e. garlic with lettuce, garlic with peas, and garlic with cabbage caused a significant decrease in the vegetative growth characters and total yield of all crops under study, as compared with grown each crop solely. The lowest values in this respect were move achieved via the intercropping system between garlic with cabbage, followed by garlic with lettuce. On the contrary, intercropping garlic with peas recorded less depression in this concern. With regard to the total yield value (T.Y.V.), it is quite clear from the obtained results that, all intercropping systems as described above increased the total yield value as compared with grown each crop alone. In this respect, the total yield value increased by 62.84%, 86.83 % and 51.19 % by intercropping garlic with lettuce, or peas, or cabbage, respectively.

scholarly journals Killing Weed Seeds with Exhaust Gas from a Combine Harvester

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakobsen ◽  
Jensen ◽  
Bitarafan ◽  
Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Combine Harvesters

We investigated if hot exhaust gas from a combine harvester could be used to reduce germination or kill weed seeds during the harvesting process. During the threshing and cleaning process in the combine, weed seeds and chaff are separated from the crop grains. After this separation, weed and crop seeds not collected can be exposed to exhaust gas before seeds are returned to the field. Seeds of some common weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides, Centaurea cyanus, Geranium pusillum, Lapsana communis, Lolium perenne, Rumex crispus, Spergula arvensis, and Tripleurospermum inodorum) were treated with exhaust gas at temperatures of 75 °C or 85 °C, 110 °C, and 140 °C for 2, 4, and 6 s, respectively. Afterwards, the seeds were germinated for 16 days. We found that 75 °C and 85 °C were insufficient to significantly reduce germination of the seeds after three durations. Some seeds were still able to germinate after 4 s exposure of 110 °C. An exposure of 140 °C for 4 and 6 s repressed germination of all species. We conclude that there is potential to develop combine harvesters that exploit the exhaust gas to either kill or reduce the ability of weed seeds to germinate before seeds are returned to the field.

scholarly journals Identification and enumeration of weed seeds in chopped maize being transported for silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
C.A. Dowsett ◽  
M.R. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Crop Area

Maize silage is an important dairy feed supplement and is often transported many kilometres from where it is grown to where it is ensiled Debris has been observed to blow from the transporting trucks as they travel along the road raising concerns about the spread of weeds In this study trucks carrying freshly chopped maize were intercepted as they departed the field and samples from inside and outside the loaded crate were collected and analysed for weed seeds Seeds from 15 weed species were found in numbers up to 1300 seeds/kg of freshly chopped maize Generally more seed was found in trucks collecting from the headland area compared with the main crop area and additionally in the first year there was more debris on the outside of the headland trucks Some mitigating practices to reduce the potential for dispersal of weed seeds in chopped maize are discussed

scholarly journals Clogging of crops and productivity of 5-field crop rotation against the background of different intensity of the main cultivation of chernozem soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
V. E. Yeshenko ◽  
◽  
G. V. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Protein Research ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Formulation of the problem. Crop rotations of modern field agriculture should be developed according to the principle of classical fruit change, which is an important factor in the high productivity of individual crops on different agro-backgrounds, which can be different ways of the depth of the main tillage. Verification of the latter was the main task of our research. Conditions and methodology. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on podzolized chernozem with a 5-field crop rotation with such an alternation of spring crops: soybeans – rapeseed – wheat – oil flax – barley. The experiment compared the effect of plowing and flat-cut loosening at 15–17, 20–22 and 25–27 cm on the weediness of crops, crop yield and the productivity of crop rotation in terms of the yield of feed units and assimilated protein. Research results. It has been established that a significant part of weed seeds after flat-cutting loosening is concentrated in a layer of 0–10 cm, from where, under favorable moisture conditions, it can germinate with the formation of seedlings, which can bloom before cold weather and replenish the stock of weed seeds in the soil. During moldboard plowing, weed seeds are evenly distributed over the entire arable layer, as a result of which it can be half as much in the 0-10 cm layer as after non-moldboard plowing. Therefore, the actual weediness of crops cultivated in crop rotation has always been higher after flat-cutting loosening: soybeans – by 22.1 %, rapeseed – by 72.6 %, and wheat, oil flax and barley – 15.0, respectively; 20.4 and 20.3%. On average for the crop rotation, this increase averaged 25.2 % over three years. A decrease in the depth of cultivation also caused contamination of crops, and its deepening as a whole in the crop rotation had a positive effect on the cleanliness of crops from weeds. The level of weediness of crops of cultivated crops at the beginning of the growing season should be considered a determining factor in the formation of the productivity of these crops due to the presence of a strong and very strong correlation between these indicators. Wheat was the most productive in terms of the yield of feed units, and soy was the most productive in terms of the yield of digestible protein. This applied to both methods or techniques of the main processing, and individual crops against the background of plowing had an advantage in both productivity indicators over flat-cut loosening. The productivity of crops and crop rotation was higher against the background of deep cultivation compared to medium and shallow cultivation. Conclusions. The use of flat-cut loosening instead of moldboard plowing, as well as a decrease in the depth of both methods of processing, is accompanied by a significant increase in the contamination of crops. As well as a decrease in the yield of the main products and a noticeable decrease in the productivity of a 5-field crop rotation in terms of the yield of feed units and assimilated protein.

scholarly journals The effect of green manures on weediness of sugar beet

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Y.Н. Mishchenko ◽  
E.A. Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Thіs study aimed to investigate the effect of  aplying post-harvest green manure on weediness of sugar beet crop rotation. Post-harvest green manure were grown under the conditions of the Scientific Research and Production Complex (NNVK) of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine, Sumy oblast, Sumy region) after harvesting winter wheat from August to October 2000‒2004. After the plowing of it in the following 2001‒2006, a hybrid of sugar beet Umansky FM-97 was grown according to the technologies recommended for the local area. Potential weediness was determined by washing seeds from the soil on sieves at the beginning of the growing season and before harvesting sugar beets, and the actual weediness ‒ by quantitative-weight method before plowing the green manure and into the main stages of growth and development of sugar beets. The experimental plot had the least weediness under oilseed radish and the largest weediness under buckwheat as green manure. During growing seasons the radish oilseed formed good biomass and the number of weeds under its cover was noticeably reduced to 4.8 pieces/m2 and their mass ‒ to 21.8 g/m2. The findings obtained from statistic program showed the strongest correlation between the above-ground mass of radish and the number of weeds ‒ r = -0.55 and their weight ‒ r = -0.56. In the spring the amount of weed seeds under radish cover in the 0‒30 cm soil layer was reduced to 11.4 %, to 101 million units/ha, compared to the control without green manure. The impact factor of the effect of the radish biomass on the potential weediness was highest in all soil layers - within 70‒90 %. The biomass of radish decreased significantly the number of weeds in the sugar beet crops – by 39  to 19.2 pc/m2, and their weight ‒ by 23 % to 354 g/m2, compared to the control without green manure. Green radish oilseed mass had the greatest impact on reducing quantity of weeds – 67 % and their mass – 80 %. Radish cover provided the most significant reduction the potential weediness before harvesting sugar beets ‒ by 12 % in the 0-30 cm soil layer, compared to the control without green manure, where the amount of weed seeds was at 112 million units/ha. The inverse correlation of the radish biomass and the potential weediness at the time of sugar beet harvest was the closest ‒ r = -0.9.

The Purity of Prehistoric Crops

1974 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Dennell
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Way Of Knowing ◽  
Crop Agriculture

One aspect of prehistoric crop agriculture which has received little attention is the purity of the crops when ready for either storage or consumption. For two reasons, this topic deserves consideration. First, the number of weed seeds and other impurities in a fully-processed crop is an indication of the efficiency of the prevailing technology for grain cleaning. There are several reasons why it would have been desirable to remove as many weeds as possible from a crop. Many for example are poisonous and should be removed from a crop before it is eaten. The sowing of a pure seed is also one way of controlling the growth of weeds, and thus maintaining economic crop yields. One pound of herbage seed for example, containing 1 per cent by weight of the seeds of mouse-eared chick-weed (Cerastium arvense L.) could result in as many as 43,360 plants of chick-weed per acre and cause severe reduction in the yield of the main crop (Gill and Vear 1958). Barley yields in one experiment were reduced from 21½ to 7½ bushels per acre through the growth of bind-weed (Leonard and Martin 1967). Since the artefactual evidence for prehistoric grain cleaning is meagre, the composition of the crops themselves must be our chief source of evidence. A second reason why the composition of prehistoric crops when ready for storage or consumption deserves study is that it affords a way of knowing whether crops consisted of one or several cultigens at a given period.

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