scholarly journals Ring-shaped Fibulae in the Context of Costume and the System of World Outlok and Beliefs of the High and Late Midle Ages

Author(s):  
Ю. Белай

Kольцевидные фибулы – довольно распространенная находка европейского средневековья. Они состоят из рамы, которая может быть разной формы, и иглы, которая может вращаться вокруг своей оси, но не может свободно скользить по раме. Кольцевидные фибулы делались разных форм и размеров, из благородных и неблагородных металлов, и поэтому качество их художественной обработки также различалось. Они пользовались особенной популярностью в XIII и XIV вв. Их находили в кладах, поселениях, фортах и могилах (в области таза и живота), а также можно увидеть, как они прикрепляют верхние части одежды на многих статуях этого периода. В работе на основе типологии и сравнений, а также с учетом археологических материалов и определенных форм рассматриваются различные функции кольцевидных фибул в составе костюмов. Особое внимание в работе уделяется апотропеической магии, связанной с кольцевидными фибулами, и рассматривается многослойность символики, которую можно извлечь из надписей на определенных фибулах. Ring-shaped fibulae are common finds related to the European Middle Ages. The fibula consists of a loop that has a variety of shapes and a pin that turns around its axis but cannot slide freely across the fibula body. There are ring-shaped fibulae of various forms and sizes made from precious and non-precious metals; quality of metalwork art also varies. Fibulae were especially popular in the 13th and 14th centuries. Fibulae also originate from treasure hoards, settlements, fortresses and graves; they were often depicted on the statues of the said period representing people who wore outer clothes. In graves fibulae could be placed near the pelvis or stomach. Typological and comparative analysis has been carried out taking into account the material fibulae are made of, and distinctive features of their shape. Various functions of ring-shaped fibulae as dress accessories are reviewed. Archaeological finds demonstrate a larger variety of functions associated with ring-shaped fibulae than the functions identified based on depictions on medieval statues. A stress is made on apotropaic meaning of ring-shaped fibulae; the author notes a multilayered nature of their symbolism based on inscriptions on some fibulae. It is emphasized that the discussed fibulae reflect developed character of medieval people’s world outlook and beliefs.

Author(s):  
B. F. Tarasenko B. F. ◽  
◽  
S. Y. Orlenko S. Y. ◽  
V. V. Kuzmin V. V.

The article presents a comparative analysis, based on field tests, of the quality of loosening of soil structures of the upper horizon with technical means developed at KubSAU and an improved design of a universal tillage unit.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Darintsev ◽  
A.B. Migranov

The main stages of solving the problem of planning movements by mobile robots in a non-stationary working environment based on neural networks, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic are considered. The features common to the considered intellectual algorithms are singled out and their comparative analysis is carried out. Recommendations are given on the use of this or that method depending on the type of problem being solved and the requirements for the speed of the algorithm, the quality of the trajectory, the availability (volume) of sensory information, etc.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjiang Li ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Dongdong Mu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
P. Yogendra Prasad ◽  
H. Heera ◽  
N. Padmaja ◽  
Bathala sony

Author(s):  
Christof Paulus ◽  
Albert Weber

AbstractVenice is considered the best-informed community of the late Middle Ages. The study examines the availability of information for the second half of the 15th century, particularly with regard to the key year 1462/1463, and as a case study concentrates on areas of the supposed Venetian periphery of interest, above all Hungary and the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The result is a thoroughly differentiated system of information acquisition, verification and control. Means of communication, as well as different areas of interest of the Serenissima, can be identified. A distinction is made between information maps and communication maps. The latter also include the distribution of news from the lagoon city exchanged with foreign envoys. During the period concerned, news was exchanged in an astonishingly liberal way, in turn integrating the Serenissima into the information networks of the other Italian states. The study thus places the „information commodity“ within the research field of late medieval gift exchange and patronage structures. In short, a thoroughly pragmatic Venetian approach to news acquisition and evaluation can be observed. Verification of the quality of the information obtained was subject not least to quantitative and ranking criteria. Ultimately, the informational power of Venice was based above all on its outstanding reputation among its contemporaries.


2005 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Paulson ◽  
S. H. Stephens ◽  
W. N. Shafarman

AbstractVariable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to characterize Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films as a function of relative Ga content and to study the effects of Cu off-stoichiometry. Uniform Cu(InGa)Se2 films were deposited on Mo-coated soda lime glass substrates by elemental evaporation with a wide range of relative Cu and Ga concentrations. Optical constants of Cu(InGa)Se2 were determined over the energy range of 0.75–C4.6 eV for films with 0 ≤ Ga/(In+Ga) ≤ 1 and used to determine electronic transition energies. Further, the changes in the optical constants and electronic transitions as a function of Cu off-stoichiometry were determined in Cu-In-Ga-Se films with Cu atomic concentration varying from 10 to 25 % and Ga/(In+Ga) = 0.3. Films with Cu in the range 16–24 % are expected to contain 2 phases so an effective medium approximation is used to model the data. This enables the relative volume fractions of the two phases, and hence composition, to be determined. Two distinctive features are observed in the optical spectra as the Cu concentration decreases. First, the fundamental bandgaps are shifted to higher energies. Second, the critical point features at higher energies become broader suggesting degradation of the crystalline quality of the material.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Manu Sharma ◽  
Esha Prashar ◽  
Rajnish Aggarwal ◽  
Gauravdeep Kaur

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