scholarly journals NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE LION MAN FIGURINE OF HOHLENSTEIN-STADEL CAVE (SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wolf ◽  
N. Ebinger-Rist ◽  
C.-J. Kind ◽  
K. Wehrberger
Keyword(s):  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The Right

In the Hohlenstein-Stadel Cave in 1939 excavators uncovered nearly 200 mammoth ivory fragments, which were refitted as a therianthrope figurine with the head and torso of a cave lion but with the legs of a human being. It was thus named the Lion Man. During recent excavations in the Stadel Cave between 2008 and 2013, a stratigraphic sequence was discovered that extended from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Aurignacian. It became clear that the location of the Lion Man during the excavations of 1939 corresponded to layer Au of the recent 2008-2013 excavations part of the excavation back dirt from 1939 was also uncovered. Here, 575 fragments of mammoth ivory were found that partially belonged to the Lion Man figurine that was carved from a complete tusk. In 2012/2013 the Lion Man was therefore newly restored. The figure was completed to the greatest possible extent. It became apparent that the Lion Man represents a male. We also obtained new perpectives on the position and the sinistral ornamentation of the figurine. The snout, the back and the right side were refitted and the Lion Man also gained volume due to the refitted pieces. New insight underlines the intentional deposition of the formerly complete figurine during the Aurignacian. Wehrberger, K. (Ed.) (2013). The Return of the Lion Man. History Myth Magic. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag. Kind, C.-J., Ebinger-Rist, N., Wolf, S., Beutelspacher, T., Wehrberger, K. (2014). The Smile of the Lion Man. Recent Excavations in Stadel Cave (BadenWrttemberg, south-western Germany) and the Restoration of the Famous Upper Palaeolithic Figurine. Quartr, 61, 129145

scholarly journals hat the recent restoration of the Lion Man figurine of Hohlenstein-Stadel Cave tells us about its treatment in the Early Upper Palaeolithic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Sibylle Wolf ◽  
◽  
Nicole Ebinger ◽  
Kurt Wehrberger ◽  
Claus-Joachim Kind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Early Upper

In 1939, excavators uncovered in Hohlenstein-StadelCave nearly 200 mammoth ivory fragments that were refitted as a therianthrope figurine with the head and upper body of a cave lion and the lower body and legs of a human being. It was named the Lion Man. During recent excavations (2008 to 2013) in the StadelCave , a stratigraphic sequence extending from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Aurignacian was discovered. It became clear that the location of the Lion Man during the excavations of 1939 corresponded to the layer Au of the recent 2008–2013 excavations. During the recent work a part of the excavation backdirt from 1939 was also uncovered. Inside this backdirt, 575 fragments of mammoth ivory were found, some belonging to the Lion Man figurine, which was carved from a complete tusk. In 2012–2013 the Lion Man was newly restored and completed to the greatest possible extent. It became apparent that the Lion Man represents a male. Its snout, back, and right side were refitted, and the Lion Man also gained in volume from the added pieces. New insights point towards an intentional deposition of the formerly complete figurine during the Aurignacian.

scholarly journals Middle Palaeolithic assemblages from Denisova Cave: new data

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
M. V. Shunkov ◽  
M. B. Kozlikin
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Main Chamber ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Bottom To Top

Purpose. Comprehensive archaeological studies conducted in the East Chamber of Denisova Cave during 2005–2011 in the Altai region have made it possible to obtain a representative collection of archaeological evidence attributed to the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. Middle Palaeolithic finds were recovered in the greatest numbers. This research mainly focuses on establishing relationships between the new middle Palaeolithic archaeological record documented in the East Chamber and assemblages of the same period found in different areas of Denisova Cave. Results. To date, geochronology of the Pleistocene sequence in the East Chamber is mainly based on biostratigraphic evidence and the preliminary results of OSL dating. These data indicate that deposition of layers 13–11.3 appears to have occurred from late MIS 7 through terminal MIS 4. The lack of sharp boundaries and long sedimentation gaps between lithological units, as well as generally similar techno-typological features of lithic industries from layers 13–11.3, enable consideration of these materials within the same Middle Palaeolithic complex. Archaeological evidence recovered from layers 13–11.3 in the East Chamber (17 326 specimens) and attributed to the middle Middle Palaeolithic has the cultural and chronological counterparts in the Main Chamber (layers 20–12, 7 545 specimens) and in the entrance area (layers 10 and 9, 1 402 specimens) of the cave. The comparison of the major techno-typological characteristics of the lithic industries from these layers makes it possible to provide a general characteristic of the Middle Palaeloithic assemblage found in the cave. In general, these industries can be characterised by different variants of parallel, radial and Levallois flaking techniques. Scrapers constitute a typological basis of the lithic inventory; excavations yielded a high percentage of notch-denticulate tools, Levallois tools and the Upper Palaeolithic implements are present. Conclusion. Techno-typological characteristics of the lithic industries, showing a qualitative uniformity, reveal some dynamics in the quantitative ratio between different categories of the inventory from bottom to top in the stratigraphic sequence. Thus, it was possible to trace a tendency for the increase of the typological variety of cores and a growing percentage of blades among flakes. The tool assemblage is characterised by the increased proportion of the Upper Palaeolithic tools, with a progressive decrease of Levallois and notch-denticulate components.

When Does a Right to Life Arise?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Lynn D. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Biological Science ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Frozen Embryos ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Right

The question of when a legal right to life first arises in the course of a human being’s development is pertinent to a variety of contexts, including protection of prenatal life from injury by persons other than the gestational mother, what to do with frozen embryos when the couple who created them divorces, and how to treat children born with severe disabilities, as well as the more familiar context of state regulation, restriction, or prohibition of abortion. This chapter first summarizes social and biological science findings relevant to this question, then details development of legal rules and constitutional doctrine pertaining to abortion regulation before contrasting that with protections for prenatal life in other contexts. It concludes that the most coherent answer to the question when a right to life arises is that the right to life is coextensive with the biological life of the human being, and that a legal right to remain alive arises when a human being comes into existence and continues until it ceases to be a human being—that is, when its life has ended. This might provide justification for greater restrictions on abortion, but that could depend on additional considerations.

scholarly journals Pleistocene sediment DNA reveals hominin and faunal turnovers at Denisova Cave

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena I. Zavala ◽  
Zenobia Jacobs ◽  
Benjamin Vernot ◽  
Michael V. Shunkov ◽  
Maxim B. Kozlikin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Pleistocene Sediment

AbstractDenisova Cave in southern Siberia is the type locality of the Denisovans, an archaic hominin group who were related to Neanderthals1–4. The dozen hominin remains recovered from the deposits also include Neanderthals5,6 and the child of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan7, which suggests that Denisova Cave was a contact zone between these archaic hominins. However, uncertainties persist about the order in which these groups appeared at the site, the timing and environmental context of hominin occupation, and the association of particular hominin groups with archaeological assemblages5,8–11. Here we report the analysis of DNA from 728 sediment samples that were collected in a grid-like manner from layers dating to the Pleistocene epoch. We retrieved ancient faunal and hominin mitochondrial (mt)DNA from 685 and 175 samples, respectively. The earliest evidence for hominin mtDNA is of Denisovans, and is associated with early Middle Palaeolithic stone tools that were deposited approximately 250,000 to 170,000 years ago; Neanderthal mtDNA first appears towards the end of this period. We detect a turnover in the mtDNA of Denisovans that coincides with changes in the composition of faunal mtDNA, and evidence that Denisovans and Neanderthals occupied the site repeatedly—possibly until, or after, the onset of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic at least 45,000 years ago, when modern human mtDNA is first recorded in the sediments.

scholarly journals A Middle Palaeolithic Site at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk: Interim Statement

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Boismier ◽  
Danielle C. Schreve ◽  
Mark J. White ◽  
D.A. Robertson ◽  
A.J. Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
English Heritage

In late February and early March 2002, an archaeological watching brief at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk revealed a palaeochannel with a dark organic fill containing in situ mammoth remains and associated Mousterian stone tools and debitage buried under 2–3 m of bedded sands and gravels. Well-preserved in situ Middle Palaeolithic open air sites are very unusal in Europe and exceedingly rare within a British context. As such, the site was identified as being of national and international importance, and was subsequently excavated by the Norfolk Archaeological Unit with funding provided by English Heritage through the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund.This report presents some of the initial results of the excavation. It sets out how the site was excavated, outlines the stratigraphic sequence for the site, and presents some provisional findings of the excavation based on the results of the assessment work carried out by project specialists and Norfolk Archaeological Unit staff.

Preliminary Report on Stone Age Reconnaissance in north-eastern Iran

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. M. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The One

The following is a preliminary report on the results achieved during approximately six weeks' archaeological fieldwork in north-eastern Iran in July and August 1963. The primary objective was to explore the area for traces of the local Upper Pleistocene cultural sequence, and in particular to establish if possible the date and character of the local Upper Palaeolithic. In the event no traces of Upper Palaeolithic were obtained. However, a start was made towards defining the problem by the discovery of two well-stratified deposits, the one yielding a Middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian) industry with distinctive regional affinities, and the other an early Post-glacial Mesolithic industry. Reliable samples were obtained for defining the statistical properties of both, together with carbon samples, traces of vertebrate fauna, and some other climatic data.Representative collections were lodged with the Musée Iran Bastan at Teheran; and the expedition's share is to be offered in part to the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in Cambridge and in part to the British Museum. The expedition was financed mainly by a grant from the British Academy, supplemented by further grants from the Crowther-Beynon Fund and the British Museum.

scholarly journals The Royal Institution in Ancient Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Jafar Aghazadeh ◽  
Hasan Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

<p>In the thoughts and beliefs of Iranians, kingdom has had a history of the creation of human beings on the earth. Accordingly, Iranians believe that the first creature and human being on the earth was the first king of Iran. Iranians connects the history of their mythical royal dynasties to the creation of humanity. For Iranians, the mythical kings of Iran are the creators of the royal institution and the functions and duties of the royal institution have been established, developed and transferred to next generations by the measures of these kings. The objective of the present study is to investigate the establishment of the royal institution and the development of royal institution in ancient Iran by a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that Iranians had specific sacredness for their kings and called the first creature of Ahura Mazda as the King. In addition, they believed that kings should perform particular tasks whose formation was attributed to the mythical kings of Iran. Further, they believed that only those persons had the right of being a king who were from the race of kings and were approved by Ahura Mazda. to examine Lessing’s elucidation of authentic knowledge in <em>Shikasta</em>. The methodology appropriated in the paper entails depiction of visible world as an illusion of the Real pointed in Plato’s allegory of Cave and Nagarjuna’s Mundane Truth. We clarify emotion as the main motivator of such illusionary status stressed in both Plato and Nagarjuna’s thoughts. We argue that while the importance of reason and eradicating emotion cannot be ignored, what adjoins people to Truth is mindfulness and intuitive knowledge which is close to Nagarjuna’s non-dual patterns. By examining ordinary life as the illusion of Real, and emotion as the main obstacle to achieve the Truth emphasized in both Nagarjuna and Plato’s trends, we depart from other critics who undermine the eminence of essentialist trace in Lessing’s works and examine her approach towards Truth merely under postmodern lens. This departure is significant since we clarify while essentialism has been abandoned to a large extent and supporters of Plato have become scarce, amalgamation of his thoughts with spiritual trends opens a fresh way to earn authenticity in Lessing’s novel. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals PARADIGMA SOSIALISASI DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN JIWA BERAGAMA ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Anwar Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

This article examines the social capacities that become the potential of every human being in relation to the development of his religious soul. Humans are known as religious beings, meaning that in a human way humans make statements, agreements to believe in God, and this is a religious potential that needs to be maintained by a healthy and religious environment. When socializing, every human being is in an environment whose behavior patterns have been formed, and face a norm system that is used as a basis for interaction. Therefore, religious souls need an environment that can direct it to the right direction for growth, that is, the awareness of religion according to what has been pledged while still in the mother's womb.

scholarly journals IDEOLOGI RADIKALISME DALAM ISLAM TENTANG WACANA HOMOSEKSUAL DI MEDIA MASSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Fita Fathurokhmah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ideological Difference

This article wants to examine how the media ideology about the concept of radicalism in Islam in the mass media of Republika and Koran Tempo. The Republika newspaper supports and agrees to the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) both with an understanding of the prohibition of homosexuality and the appointment of news of FPI's violence against homosexuals. The Tempo newspaper is more about renewing ideas such as reporting on the views of the Liberal Islam Network (JIL) in respect of homosexuals. Homosexuality is the same sex lover or the choice of sexuality abnormalities is normal as a human being, it does not need to be criticized but must be respected as individual freedom. There is a fundamental ideological difference between Republika and Koran Tempo by renewing the concept of homosexuality with thinking radicalism on the basis of Islamic teachings. The homosexual issue, FPI applies the meaning of Islamic radicalism from the right-wing side which promotes violence as resistance, while JIL applies the meaning of radicalism from the left-wing side which prioritizes the radicalism of thought and law in the Koran.  AbstrakArtikel ini ingin mengkaji bagaimana ideologi media tentang konsep radikalisme dalam Islam di media massa Republika dan Koran Tempo. Surat kabar Republika mendukung dan setuju pada Front Pembela Islam (FPI) baik dengan pemahaman pelarangan homoseksual dan pengangkatan berita tindak kekerasan FPI melawan homoseksual. Koran Tempo lebih pada pembaharuan pemikiran seperti pemberitaan pandangan Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) terkait menghormatinya kaum homoseksual. Homoseksual adalah penyuka sesama jenis atau pilihan kelainan seksualitas itu normal sebagai manusia, tidak perlu dicela tapi harus dihargai sebagai kebebasan individu. Terdapat perbedaan ideologi yang mendasar antara Republika dan Koran Tempo dengan melakukan pembaharuan konsep homoseksual dengan radikalisme berpikir dengan pijakan ajaran Islam. Persoalan homoseksual, FPI menerapkan makna radikalisme Islam dari sisi sayap kanan yang mengedepankan kekerasan sebagai perlawanan, sedangkan JIL menerapkan makna radikalisme dari sisi sayap kiri yang mengutamakan keradikalan pemikiran dan hukum dalam al-Quran.

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