RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE DOMESTIC DRUG MARKET IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS

In 2020, markets are showing both unpredictable and anticipated development trends. The pharmaceutical market was no exception. Turnover of the commercial drug market in 2020 amounted to 1,128 billion rubles, which is 10.6% more than in the previous year. Parapharmaceutical sales amounted to RUB 279 billion in 2020. In the analyzed period, state purchases of pharmaceuticals reached 634 billion rubles. It was expected an increase in Pharma-2020’s turnover in value terms; the basis for the increase was over-the-counter drugs and domestically produced drugs. At the same time, in the statistics of packaging, a decrease in sales was observed in the commercial sector of medicines — by 2.3%, and in parapharmaceuticals — by 15.4%, and in hospital purchases — by 15.0%. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the consumption of expensive drugs, as well as a redistribution of demand to the segment of large packages. The share of online sales in the pharmaceutical market for the monitored 2020 increased from 5.5% in January to 8.2% in December. The share of expensive drugs in the online segment is higher than in the offline segment.

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The banking system of India

RUDN Journal of Economics ◽

10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-4-661-667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 661-667

Author(s):

Vladimir N. Grigoriev

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Banking System ◽

The State ◽

Development Trends ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Main Development ◽

Different Types ◽

History Of ◽

Key Features

The article is devoted to the banking system of India. The paper considers and analyzes the structure of the banking system, the history of its formation, its role in the country's economy, key features and main development trends. The specific features that distinguish the banking system of India from the banking systems of other countries are highlighted. The functions of different types of banks in servicing business and the population are considered. The role of the state in the functioning of the banking system is analyzed. The forecast of changes in the banking system in the light of the unfolding global economic crisis is given.

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Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.1.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucia Savadori ◽

Eraldo Nicotra ◽

Rino Rumiati ◽

Roberto Tamborini

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Context ◽

Cluster Procedure ◽

Total N ◽

Two Samples ◽

Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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