The “Yuletide Theater” of Voronezh Village, Chernigov Province

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Светлана Павловна Сорокина
Keyword(s):  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Past ◽  
Folk Drama ◽  
Folk Theater ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Village ◽  
First World

Статья предваряет публикацию архивных материалов, посвященных традиционным святочным представлениям, исполнявшимся в селе Воронеже Черниговской губернии в конце XIX в. Записи принадлежат уроженцу села, собирателю и краеведу И. С. Абрамову. Абрамовым собран значительный материал по фольклору и этнографии Воронежа, большая часть которого до настоящего времени не опубликована и хранится в РГАЛИ. Среди записей собирателя материалы по фольклорному театру занимают немаловажное место. Им зафиксированы три варианта народной драмы «Царь Максимилиан». Публикуемые ниже материалы расширяют картину бытования произведений фольклорного театра в Воронеже и шире на Черниговщине. Они показывают, что в селе Воронеже на Святки исполнялся целый ряд в различной степени ритуализованных представлений (колядование, щедрование, засевание, хождение с козой и звездой, драма), которые в своей совокупности можно назвать «святочным театром». В плане распространения обрядово-игровых форм Воронеж не был исключением для восточной части Черниговской губернии, в частности, на рубеже XIX-XX вв. здесь было записано шесть вариантов драмы «Царь Максимилиан». В статье приводятся сведения об исполнителях, от которых сделаны записи, дается характеристика материалов. В период 1916-1937 гг., когда производились записи, представления с козой, звездой и народная драма «Царь Максимилиан» уже вышли из активного бытования, что свидетельствует об усилении процесса изменения традиции в первую треть XX в., в том числе и под влиянием таких социальных катаклизмов, как Первая мировая война и революция. Таким образом, публикуемые ниже записи отражают тот этап жизни одного из сегментов традиции, когда он становится частью народной памяти. This article precedes the publication of archival materials devoted to the traditional Christmas (Yuleytide) plays, performed in Voronezh Village, Chernigov Province, in the late nineteenth century. This material was gathered by a native of the village, the collector and ethnographer I. S. Abramov. Abramov assembled a significant amount of material on the folklore and ethnography of Voronezh, a large part of which, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, has not yet been published. Materials on folk theater occupy an important place among Abramov’s records. For example, he recorded three versions of the folk drama “Tsar Maximilian.” The materials published in this article expand our picture of folk theater in Voronezh and in the larger Chernigov Province. They show that in Voronezh a number of ritualized performances (including “kolyadovanie,” “shchedrovanie,” “zasevanie,” walking with a goat and a star, drama) were performed at Yuletide, which taken together may be called “Yuletide theater.” In terms of the distribution of ritual forms of play, Voronezh was no exception for the Eastern part of Chernigov Province. For example, at the turn of the nineteenth - twentieth century, six versions of “Tsar Maximilian” were recorded in the region. The article describes the records that have been preserved and information about the performers who left them. During the period 1916-1937, when these records were made, performances with goat, star and “Tsar Maximilian” had already become a thing of the past, reflecting the changes that came about due to the cataclysm of the First World War and Revolution. Thus, the records reflect the stage of life of one portion of the tradition when it was becoming part of the people’s memory

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

Modernism Under Review: Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Marjorie Perloff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
First World

This essay offers a critical re-assessment of Hugh Kenner's The Pound Era. It argues that Kenner's magisterial survey remains important to our understanding of Modernism, despite its frankly partisan viewpoint. Kenner's is an insider's account of the Anglo-American Modernist writing that he takes to have been significant because it sought to invent a new language consonant with the ethos of the twentieth century. The essay suggests that Kenner's impeccable attention to the Modernist renovation of language goes beyond formalism, since, for him, its ‘patterned energies’ (a term derived from Buckminster Fuller's theory of knots) relate Modernism to the larger complex of artefacts within which it functions and, beyond these, to what he takes to be the great works of the past and to the scientific-technological inventions of the present. But the essay also points out that Kenner's is an eccentric canon, which makes no room for Forster, Frost, Lawrence, or Stevens. Furthermore, Kenner's emphasis on the First World War as a great cultural rupture, while plausible, works less well for Joyce and Williams than it does for Pound and Eliot.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

Interwar France and the Rural Exodus: The National Myth in Peril

Rural History ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDOUARD LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Rural Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
National Myth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Interwar France ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
French National Identity ◽  
First World

AbstractInterwar France saw itself as a rural nation. The First World War, won in the muddy earth of the trenches, elevated the image of the ‘peasant soldier’ to a symbolic height. But paradoxically, it was during this period that the urban population overtook the rural. Against this backdrop, references to the noxious consequences of rural migration increased in frequency and virulence. The condemnation of rural migration was part of the celebration of a French national identity rooted in the past, the earth and other key agrarian values, such as thrift, hard work and property ownership. French peasants are perceived to be the last bearers of this value set. In other European countries too, the same ideological debate was at play. In Italy and Germany, in particular, the regimes were faced with a similar dilemma, championing a racially pure, rural, identity rooted in the past, whilst embracing a modernising revolution. Their parallel attempts at aligning these two ideas are richly suggestive.

scholarly journals “Buried Alive”: Experience, Memory, and the Interwar Publishing of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Postwar Britain, 1915-1939

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Fantauzzo
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
War Machine ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Over 450,000 British soldiers fought as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Between 1915-1918, they fought their way across the Sinai Peninsula, into southern Palestine, captured Jerusalem, and overran the Turkish Army, leading to the surrender of the Ottoman Empire in October 1918. Despite being the war’s most successful sideshow, the Egypt and Palestine campaign struggled to gain popular attention and has largely been excluded from First World War scholarship. This article argues that returning soldiers used war books to rehabilitate the campaign’s public profile and to renegotiate the meaning of wartime service in interwar Britain. The result of sporadic press attention and censorship during the war, the British public’s understanding of the campaign was poor. Periodic access to home front news meant that most soldiers likely learnt of their absence from Britain’s war narrative during the war years. Confronting the belief that the campaign, prior to the capture of Jerusalem, was an inactive theatre of war, British soldiers refashioned themselves as military labourers, paving the road to Jerusalem and building the British war machine. As offensive action intensified, soldiers could look to the past to provide meaning to the present. Allusions to the campaign as a crusade were frequently made and used to compete with the moral righteousness of the liberation of Belgium.

Parallel lives or interconnected histories? Anagarika Dharmapala and Muhammad Barkatullah's ‘world religioning’ in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Samee Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

Abstract This article compares the ideas, connections, and projects of two South Asian figures who are generally studied separately: the Indian pan-Islamist Muhammad Barkatullah (1864–1927) and the Sinhalese Buddhist reformer Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1934). In doing so, I argue that we can understand these two figures in a new light, by recognizing their mutual connections as well as the structural similarities in their thought. By focusing on their encounters and work in Japan, this article demonstrates how Japan—particularly after defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905—had become a significant site for inter-Asian conversations about world religions. Importantly, exploring the projects of Barkatullah and Dharmapala makes visible the fact that, from the late nineteenth century until the outbreak of the First World War, religion played a central role—alongside nationalism, race, and empire—in conversations about the possible futures of the international order.

scholarly journals Gyoma hõsi halottai az elsõ világháborúban

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Benjámin Dávid
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
World War ◽  
National Data ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Village ◽  
First World

Examining the consequences of the First World War, it can be concluded that its impact on the demographic conditions was significant. In addition to the national data it is important to examine them on local level, too. Based on these studies interesting data have been found. Therefore, I have decided to examine the 20th century history of my hometown, Gyomaendrõd in detail. (It is important to note that during the investigated period Gyoma and Endrõd were two separate villages.) Gyoma village is a traditional lowland settlement which is located in Bekes County. Based on the 1910 census, 11 699 people lived in Gyoma. The denominational share of Gyoma in 1910 shows a Calvinistic majority (74%), Catholic (15%) and Lutheran (8,5%) minority. If the nationalities are examined, it can be noticed that 94% of the population is of Hungarian nationality, while there is a 5% German minority. In my research I set two main objectives: Firstly, I will clarify how many of the men enlisted from the settlement died, where, when and in which corps. Based on the exact war loss and official statistics it will be shown how it led to social, demographic and economic changes in the life of the village. For my research I used documents found in the Békés County Archives of Békési Branch Archives, more precisely the death certificates were used as primary resources.

The Belgian national past: Between commemoration and silence

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Rosoux ◽  
Laurence van Ypersele
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Memory Conflicts ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.

The Emergence of Nationalism

2015 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
James McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
North African ◽  
World War ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter discusses the emergence of nationalism in the Middle East and North Africa, with a focus on the Arab world between the late nineteenth century and the 1950s. Given the geographic coverage of neighboring chapters and the general tendency in the literature to focus on nationalism in the Levant (bilād al-shām) and Egypt, this chapter incorporates North African and transregional formations into the analysis. It considers the tensions and commonalities between “pan”-nationalisms and movements for territorial sovereignty, the circulation of intellectual and cultural influences, and the articulation of nationalism with the emergence of mass politics in the region between the First World War and the years of decolonization.

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